Synurus

{{Short description|Genus of plants}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Synurus pungens.jpg

|image_caption = Synurus pungens

|display_parents = 3

|taxon = Synurus

|authority = Iljin

|type_species = Synurus atriplicifolius

|type_species_authority = (Treviranus) Iljin

}}

Synurus is a genus of plants in the tribe Cardueae of the family Asteraceae.Iljin, Modest Mikhaĭlovich. 1926. Botanicheskie materialy Gerbariya Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada S S S R 6: 35[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40009155 Tropicos, Synurus rIljin ] Species of the genus are found in Asia.

Synurus species have a thick stem up to 1.5 meters tall. They produce large, nodding, spherical flower heads up to 6 centimeters wide with purple florets.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132135 Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 154 山牛蒡属 shan niu bang shu Synurus Iljin, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 6: 35. 1926. ]

The anti-inflammatory properties of these species as a herbal remedy have been well studied.Park, J. H., et al. (2004). [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.1595/abstract Antiinflammatory activity of Synurus deltoides.] Phytotherapy Research 18(11) 930-33.Choi, Y. H., et al. (2005). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02977352#page-1 New anti-inflammatory formulation containing Synurus deltoides extract.] Archives of Pharmacal Research 28(7) 848-53.Jiang, Y., et al. (2013). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10068-013-0030-z#page-1 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different solvent fractions from ethanol extract of Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai leaves.] Food Science and Biotechnology 22(1) 215-23. They are eaten as a wild vegetable in Korea.Lim, H. T. (1997). [http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/32/3/454.3.abstract Evaluation of popular mountain vegetables in Korea using molecular markers.] HortScience 32(3) 454.

; Species[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Synurus%20 The Plant List search for Synurus]

• Synurus deltoides (Aiton) Nakai - Russia (Chita, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk), China (Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning), Mongolia, Japan, Korea
• Synurus excelsus (Makino) Kitam. - Japan, Korea
• Synurus palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam. - Japan, Korea
• Synurus pungens (Franch. & Sav.) Kitam. - Japan

; formerly included[http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/Default.aspx?Page=AdvNameSearch Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20141106174748/http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/Default.aspx?Page=AdvNameSearch |date=2014-11-06 }}

see Olgaea

• Synurus diabolicus - Olgaea lomonossowii