TDRS-1

While on the pad, problems were detected with Challenger main engines and repairs were begun. During this time, a severe storm caused contamination of TDRS-1 while it was in the Payload Change-out Room on the Rotating Service Structure at the launch pad. Consequently, the satellite had to be taken back to its checkout facility, where it was cleaned and rechecked.{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Ben |title=Space Shuttle Challenger: Ten Journeys into the Unknown |url=https://archive.org/details/spaceshuttlechal00evan_850 |url-access=limited |year=2007 |publisher=Praxis Publishing |isbn=978-0-387-46355-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/spaceshuttlechal00evan_850/page/n43 26]}} Challenger finally lifted off from Launch Complex 39A of the Kennedy Space Center at 18:30:00 UTC on 4 April 1983.{{cite web |url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |title=Launch Log |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page |accessdate=24 June 2009}}

Following deployment from Challenger, TDRS-1 was to be raised to its operational geosynchronous orbit by means of an Inertial Upper Stage, which consisted of two solid rocket motors, the first used to raise the orbit's apogee, the second its perigee. The first burn was successful, however the IUS went out of control during the second burn. TDRS-1 separated from the upper stage in a lower than planned orbit. It was eventually raised to geosynchronous orbit by means of its attitude control system.{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/tdrs-1.htm |title=TDRS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |last=Krebs |first=Gunter |publisher=Gunter's Space Page |accessdate=25 June 2009}} In order to achieve this, a team of engineers from the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland worked for nearly three months using six one-pound thrusters on the errant satellite to push it {{convert|8600|mi}} higher in space. The failure was later identified as a collapsed second-stage nozzle Techroll Seal, a flexible ring which allows the nozzle to move and provide directional control. The Goddard engineers' successful effort required 39 adjustment burns to correct the elliptical orbit to the {{convert|22300|mi|km|abbr=on}} high geosynchronous orbit desired for TDRS-1. In connection with this rescue, Goddard Space Flight Center on 26 November 1984 honored a group of 34 individuals with the Robert H. Goddard Award of Merit, the highest level of recognition the Goddard Space Flight Center can bestow on its employees.[http://www.llanddaniel.co.uk/tecwyn_retirement.html "Tecwyn Roberts at the Network Engineering Division"] llanddaniel.co.uk Retrieved: 5 May 2011. In 1989 its operations were affected by a geomagnetic storm.[https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/sun_darkness.html The Day the Sun Brought Darkness], Dr. Sten Odenwald, NASA, 13 March 2009

TDRS-1 formed part of the first Pole-to-Pole phone call on 28 April 1999, with TDRS-1 being used at the South Pole, and an Iridium phone being used at the North Pole (recorded in Ripley's Believe It Or Not and Guinness World Records in April 1999).[https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2003/apr/HP_news_03130.html "Pioneer NASA Spacecraft Celebrates 20 Years of Service"] {{PD-notice}}

TDRS-1 had a design life of ten years, however in April 2008, it was still operational on the twenty-fifth anniversary of its launch.{{cite web |url=http://www.spacemart.com/reports/TDRS_1_Satellite_Reaches_25_Years_Of_Age_999.html |title=TDRS-1 Satellite Reaches 25 Years Of Age |date=8 April 2008 |publisher=Space Mart |accessdate=27 June 2009}} Over the years, the orbital inclination was allowed to increase so that, for portions of the day (approximately 5 hours), it was able to be used for communications with the North and then the South Pole. Along with Marisat F2, GOES 3 and LES-9, it was one of a number of satellites that were transferred to the US National Science Foundation in 1998,{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jun/10-154_TDRS_Retirement.html |title=NASA Retires First Data Relay Satellite After Stellar Career |publisher=NASA |date=25 June 2010 |accessdate=5 June 2020}} {{PD-notice}} for communications with the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=30091 |title=Outliving expectations: Marisat-F2 satellite held on for 32 years, served South Pole for 8 |date=12 December 2008 |publisher=Spaceref |accessdate=27 June 2009}} After Marisat was retired, TDRS-1 became the primary means of communication with the research station. The last functioning traveling-wave tube amplifier aboard TDRS-1 failed in October 2009, rendering the spacecraft unusable for communications purposes.

TDRS-1 proved helpful during a 1999 medical emergency at the NSF's Antarctic Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. The satellite's high-speed Internet connectivity allowed personnel to conduct telemedicine conferences. Doctors in the United States aided Dr. Jerri Nelson, who had breast cancer, in performing a self-biopsy and administering chemotherapy. Later, in 2002, doctors used TDRS-1 to perform another telemedicine conference with the station to assist in knee surgery for a meteorologist.

Because of its orbit, the satellite was able to link the North and South Poles and relayed the first pole-to-pole phone call. TDRS-1 also transmitted the first internet connection and live webcast from the North Pole and supported the first global television event from the South Pole Station - a worldwide television broadcast to commemorate the beginning of the year 2000.

File:Map of TDRS.png

The spacecraft was retired on or about 21 October 2009, after 26 years. Decommissioning was started on 5 June 2010 and passivation was completed on 27 June 2010.{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jun/10-154_TDRS_Retirement.html |title=NASA Retires First Data Relay Satellite After Stellar Career |publisher=NASA |date= |accessdate=14 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208214443/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jun/10-154_TDRS_Retirement.html | archive-date=December 8, 2010}} {{PD-notice}} {{asof|2009}}, NASA had repositioned TDRS-3 to assume the duties of TDRS-1.{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0910/13tdrs/ |title=NASA retires 'queen' of tracking satellite fleet |last=Clark |first=Stephen |publisher=SpaceFlightNow |accessdate=14 October 2009}}

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{{Portal|Spaceflight}}

• List of TDRS satellites

{{reflist}}

• [http://researchandideas.com/index.php?title=NASA%27s_GRO_Remote_Terminal_System_(GRTS) NASA's TDRS-1 Remote Terminal System Installed at Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex]
• [http://researchandideas.com/index.php?title=NASA%27s_GRO_Remote_Terminal_System_(GRTS)#1995:_Antarctic_TDRS_Ground_Terminal NASA's Antarctic TDRS-1 Remote Ground Terminal Installed at McMurdo]

{{TDRS}}

{{Orbital launches in 1983}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tdrs-1}}

Category:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth

Category:Satellite launch anomalies

Category:Spacecraft launched in 1983

Category:TDRS satellites

Category:Spacecraft launched by the Space Shuttle

Category:Spacecraft decommissioned in 2009