TMEM104
{{Short description|TMEM104 protein encoding gene}}
{{Infobox gene}}
Transmembrane protein 104 (TMEM104) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM104 gene.{{cite web |title=TMEM104 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/54868 |website=NCBI Gene |access-date=20 June 2022}} The aliases of TMEM104 are FLJ00021 and FLJ20255.{{cite web |title=TMEM104 Gene |url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TMEM104&keywords=TMEM104 |website=GeneCard |access-date=20 June 2022}} Humans have a 163,255 base pair long gene coding sequence, 4703 base pair long mRNA, and 496 amino acid long protein sequence. In Eukaryotes, the TMEM104 gene is conserved.
Gene
= Location =
TMEM104 is located on human chromosome 17 at the locus 17q25.1. TMEM104 is located between the genes NAT9 and GRIN2C.
Transcripts
There are 7 main transcription variants: isoform 1, isoform 2, variant X1 - X5. TMEM104 is predicted to have a promoter region 150 base pairs upstream of the start of transcription.{{Cite web |title=Human BLAT Search |url=https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgBlat |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=genome.ucsc.edu}} The promoter region of Homo sapien TMEM104 compared to other organisms is very unconserved. It was hard to find anything outside of Mammalia species and most were found under Primates.
= Tissue expression =
In most human tissues, TMEM104 has a modest expression level (25–50th percentile), relative to all human proteins, according to RNA-seq data.
= Subcelluar expression =
The protein has been located primarily in the plasma membrane and less so found in nucleus.{{Cite web |title=PSORT II Prediction |url=https://psort.hgc.jp/form2.html |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=psort.hgc.jp}}
= Immunochemistry Data =
Thermofisher claims that it exhibits significant nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity in glandular cells. With the aid of a TMEM104 polyclonal antibody, the samples were probed.
Protein
File:Conceptual Translation pg 1.png
TMEM104 variant 1 protein is 496 amino acids in length.{{cite web |title=TMEM104 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/157388943 |website=NCBI Protein |access-date=20 June 2022}} TMEM104 is a secreted protein that is overexpressed in Adrenal. TMEM104 is a phenylalanine enriched and glutamine poor protein.
= Characteristics =
TMEM104 has an isoelectric point of 6.8 and a molecular weight of 55.7 kdaltons.{{Cite web |title=ExPASy - Compute pI/Mw tool |url=https://web.expasy.org/compute_pi/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=web.expasy.org}} It is predicted to have between nine and eleven transmembrane domains, making it a transmembrane protein.
= Post Translation Modifications =
The post-translational modifications N-glycosylation, sulfonation, and phosphorylation are among those predicted for TMEM104.
= Tertiary structure =
TMEM104 has a tertiary structure with alpha helices and beta sheets.
= Interaction =
Homology
= Ortholog =
TMEM104 has no paralogs. TMEM protein is found mostly in Eukaryotes.{{cite web |title=TMEM104 |url=https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PAGE=Proteins |website=ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |access-date=24 June 2022}}
The orthologs in the following table were discovered through BLAST{{Cite web |title=BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool |url=https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}} searches. Although by no means exhaustive, this list demonstrates the enormous variety of organisms that include TMEM104 orthologs.
| class="wikitable"
|+ |Seq # |TMEM104 Group |Genus, Species |Common Name |Taxonomic Group |Divergence Date (MYA) |Accession Number |Sequence Length (aa) |Sequence Identity (%) |Sequence Similarity (%) |
| 1
|MAMMALIA |Homo sapiens |Human |primates |0 |NP_060198.3 |496 |100.00% |100.00% |
| 2
| |Mus musculus |Mouse |rodentia |87 |NP_001028565.1 |496 |89.70% |94.20% |
| 3
| |Camelus ferus |Wild Bactrian Camel |tylopoda |94 |XP_006179513.1 |496 |95.20% |98.40% |
| 4
| |Bos taurus |Cattle |ruminantia |94 |XP_005221277.1 |496 |92.80% |96.00% |
| 5
| |Panthera tigris |Tiger |felidae |94 |XP_007091296.2 |496 |92.70% |96.80% |
| 6
|AVE |Dryobates pubescens |Downy Woodpecker |aves |319 |XP_009901180.1 |497 |82.30% |91.50% |
| 7
| |Gavia stellata |Red-throated Loon |aves |319 |XP_009820115.1 |497 |82.10% |91.10% |
| 8
| |Gallus gallus |Chicken |aves |319 |XP_046785426.1 |498 |81.90% |90.40% |
| 9
| |Meleagris gallopavo |Wild Turkey |aves |319 |XP_010719937.1 |498 |81.90% |90.00% |
| 10
| |Opisthocomus hoazin |Hoatzin |aves |319 |XP_009941209.1 |497 |81.70% |90.70% |
| 11
|REPTILIA |Trachemys scripta elegans |Turtle |reptilia |319 |XP_034645854.1 |497 |79.90% |89.10% |
| 12
|AMPHIBIAN |Rhinatrema bivittatum |Two-lined Caecilian |amphibian |353 |XP_029456459.1 |510 |76.20% |84.80% |
| 13
| |Xenopus tropicalis |Frog |amphibian |353 |NP_001016025.1 |491 |74.20% |84.50% |
| 14
|FISH |Megalops cyprinoides |Indo-Pacific Tarpon |actinoptergyii |431 |XP_036408674.1 |493 |76.20% |84.40% |
| 15
| |Danio rerio |Zebrafish |actinoptergyii |431 |XP_693756.3 |493 |44.10% |60.20% |
| 16
| |Carcharodon carcharias |Great White Shark |chimaeriformes |464 |XP_041073221.1 |499 |35.30% |51.60% |
| 17
|INVERTEBRATES |Branchiostoma floridae |Lancelet |cephalochordata |556 |XP_035695481.1 |531 |73.80% |82.50% |
| 18
| |Caenorhabditis elegans |Roundworm |arthropoda |694 |NP_509879.2 |492 |69.30% |82.60% |
| 19
| |Drosophila melanogaster |Fruit Fly |arthropoda |694 |NP_001262109.1 |509 |42.30% |63.00% |
| 20
| |Anopheles gambiae |Mosquito |arthropoda |694 |XP_320941.5 |512 |56.50% |71.40% |
References
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