TRIZ
{{short description|Problem-solving tools}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Lead rewrite|date=June 2024}}
TRIZ ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|iː|z}}; {{langx|ru|теория решения изобретательских задач|teoriya resheniya izobretatelskikh zadach|lit=theory of inventive problem solving}}) is a methodology that combines an organized, systematic method of problem-solving with analysis and forecasting techniques derived from the study of patterns of invention in global patent literature. The development and improvement of products and technologies in accordance with TRIZ are guided by the laws of technical systems evolution.Royzen, Zinovy (1993). “Application TRIZ in Value Management and Quality Improvement”. SAVE PROCEEDINGS Vol. XXVIII, 94-101. https://trizconsulting.com/TRIZApplicationinValueManagement.pdf
TRIZ developed from a foundation of research into hundreds of thousands of inventions in many fields to produce an approach which defines patterns in inventive solutions and the characteristics of the problems these inventions have overcome.{{Cite journal|last1=Vidal|first1=Rosario|last2=Salmeron|first2=Jose L.|last3=Mena|first3=Angel|last4=Chulvi|first4=Vicente|title=Fuzzy Cognitive Map-based selection of TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) trends for eco-innovation of ceramic industry products|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=107|pages=202–214|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.131|year=2015|bibcode=2015JCPro.107..202V |hdl=10234/159616|hdl-access=free}} The research has produced three findings:
- Problems and solutions are repeated across industries and sciences.
- Patterns of technical evolution are replicated in industries and sciences.
- The innovations have scientific effects outside the field in which they were developed.
TRIZ applies these findings to create and improve products, services, and systems.{{cite web |url=http://www.triz-journal.com/whatistriz.htm |title=What is TRIZ? |access-date=2011-11-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201172928/http://www.triz-journal.com/whatistriz.htm |archive-date=2011-12-01 }}
{{anchor|European TRIZ Association}}History
TRIZ was developed by the Soviet inventor and science-fiction writer Genrich Altshuller and his associates. Altshuller began developing TRIZ in 1946 while working in the inventions-inspection department of the Caspian Sea flotilla of the Soviet Navy. His job was to help initiate invention proposals, to rectify and document them, and to prepare applications to the patent office. Altshuller realized that a problem requires an inventive solution if there are technical contradictions (improving one parameter negatively affects another).
His work on what later became TRIZ was interrupted in 1950 by his arrest and 25-year sentence to the Vorkuta Gulag. The arrest was partially triggered by letters he and Raphael Shapiro sent to Stalin, ministers, and newspapers about Soviet government decisions they considered erroneous.{{cite web|title=Генрих Саулович Альтшуллер (Genrich Saulovich Altshuller - short biography)|url=http://www.altshuller.ru/biography/|publisher=www.altshuller.ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104001718/http://www.altshuller.ru/biography|archive-date=2010-11-04}} Altshuller and Shapiro were freed during the Khrushchev Thaw which followed Stalin's death in 1953, and they returned to Baku. The first paper on TRIZ, "On the psychology of inventive creation", was published in 1956 in the Issues in Psychology (Voprosi Psichologii) journal.{{cite journal|last=Altshuller|first=G. S.|author2=Shapiro, R. B.|title=О Психологии изобретательского творчества (On the psychology of inventive creation)|journal=Вопросы Психологии (The Psychological Issues)|year=1956|issue=6|pages=37–39|url=http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/triz0.asp?SESSID=dd5333ed09c8a91adaaa6acf8689073a|access-date=4 October 2010|language=ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612224544/http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/triz0.asp?SESSID=dd5333ed09c8a91adaaa6acf8689073a|archive-date=12 June 2011}}
Altshuller observed clever and creative people at work, discovering patterns in their thinking with which he developed thinking tools and techniques. The tools included Smart Little People[reference to p 110] Altshuller, G.S. (1984) [http://matriz.org/resources/literature/ Creativity as an Exact Science: the Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530025029/http://matriz.org/resources/literature/ |date=2015-05-30 }} Translated by Williams, A. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc] and Thinking in Time and Scale (or the Screens of Talented Thought).[reference to p 121] Altshuller, G.S. (1984) Creativity as an Exact Science: the Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems Translated by Williams, A. Gordon, and Breach Science Publishers Inc]
In 1986, Altshuller's attention shifted from technical TRIZ to the development of individual creativity. He developed a version of TRIZ for children which was tried in several schools.{{cite web |url=http://www.xtriz.com/BriefHistoryOfTRIZ.pdf |title=A brief history of TRIZ |access-date=2015-05-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922153214/http://www.xtriz.com/BriefHistoryOfTRIZ.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-22 }} After the Cold War, emigrants from the former Soviet Union brought TRIZ to other countries.{{cite journal|last=Webb|first=Alan|title=TRIZ: an inventive approach to invention|journal=Manufacturing Engineer|volume=12|issue=3|date=August 2002|pages=117–124|url=https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/em_20020302|doi=10.1049/em:20020302|doi-broken-date=7 December 2024 |url-access=subscription}}
{{anchor|Basic principles|Basic terms|Inventive principles and the matrix of contradictions|Use of TRIZ on management problems}}Principles
File:Prism of TRIZ Oxford Creativity.png
File:Contradictions Matrix image.jpg|alt=A chart with many squares]]
File:40_principles_of_TRIZ_method_720dpi.jpg, principles based on TRIZ|alt=40 small illustrations of TRIZ]]
One tool which evolved as an extension of TRIZ was a contradiction matrix.{{cite web|url=http://www.triz.co.uk/pwpcontrol.php?pwpID=13122|title=Contradictions Matrix - TRIZ Tools Oxford Creativity|website=www.triz.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522141958/http://www.triz.co.uk/pwpcontrol.php?pwpID=13122|archive-date=2015-05-22}} The ideal final result (IFR) is the ultimate solution of a problem when the desired result is achieved by itself.{{Cite web|url=https://www.triz.oditk.pl/strefa-wiedzy/narzedzia-triz/rezultat-idealny|title = Rezultat Idealny - TRIZ - Baza Wiedzy, Szkolenia, Warsztaty, Wdrożenia Feed}}
Altshuller screened patents to discover which contradictions were resolved or eliminated by the invention and how this had been achieved. He developed a set of 40 inventive principles and, later, a matrix of contradictions. Although TRIZ was developed from analyzing technical systems, it has been used to understand and solve management problems. {{cite web |url=http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2727-the-overall-benefits-are-potentially-enormous-bucks-county-council-granted-abs-licence-with-emergency-services-group |title='The overall benefits are potentially enormous': Bucks County Council granted ABS license with emergency services group |date=8 August 2014 |access-date=2015-05-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810060018/http://www.legalbusiness.co.uk/index.php/lb-blog-view/2727-the-overall-benefits-are-potentially-enormous-bucks-county-council-granted-abs-licence-with-emergency-services-group |archive-date=2014-08-10 }} The German-based nonprofit European TRIZ Association,{{cite web|url=https://www.etria.eu/portal|title=ETRIA portal|website=www.etria.eu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101083245/http://etria.eu/|archive-date=2017-11-01}} founded in 2000,{{cite web | url=https://triz-journal.com/etria-european-triz-association/ | title=ETRIA – European TRIZ Association | work=triz-journal.com | date=21 January 2001 | access-date=19 March 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423165829/https://triz-journal.com/etria-european-triz-association/ | archive-date=23 April 2016 }} hosts conferences with publications.{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007061702/ | title=European TRIZ Association | publisher=WorldCat | access-date=19 March 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409081955/http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007061702/ | archive-date=9 April 2016 }}
{{anchor|Use of TRIZ methods in industry|Modifications and derivatives}}Use in industry
Samsung has invested in embedding TRIZ throughout the company.{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/haydnshaughnessy/2013/03/07/why-is-samsung-such-an-innovative-company/2/|title=What Makes Samsung Such An Innovative Company?|first=Haydn|last=Shaughnessy|website=Forbes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220152921/https://www.forbes.com/sites/haydnshaughnessy/2013/03/07/why-is-samsung-such-an-innovative-company/2/|archive-date=2018-02-20|quote=In 2003 TRIZ led to 50 new patents for Samsung and in 2004 one project alone, a DVD pick-up innovation, saved Samsung over $100 million. TRIZ is now an obligatory skill set if you want to advance within Samsung.}}
BAE Systems and GE also use TRIZ,{{cite web |url=http://www.triz.co.uk/files/trizzwhizz.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-05-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309225551/https://www.triz.co.uk/files/trizzwhizz.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-09 }}{{self-published inline|date=March 2024|certain=y}} Mars has documented how TRIZ led to a new patent for chocolate packaging.{{cite web|url=https://www.triz.co.uk/who/case-studies/mars-chocolate-packaging-case-study|title=Mars Chocolate Packaging Case Study|website=www.triz.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220152456/https://www.triz.co.uk/who/case-studies/mars-chocolate-packaging-case-study|archive-date=2018-02-20}}{{self-published inline|date=March 2024|certain=y}} It has been used by Leafield Engineering, Smart Stabilizer Systems, and Buro Happold to solve problems and generate new patents.{{cite web|url=http://www.imeche.org/knowledge/industries/manufacturing/triz/whats-your-problem|title=Manufacturing|website=www.imeche.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714125609/http://www.imeche.org/knowledge/industries/manufacturing/triz/whats-your-problem|archive-date=2015-07-14}}
The automakers Rolls-Royce,{{cite book|last1=Gadd|first1=Karen|title=TRIZ for Engineers|date=2011|publisher=Wileys|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-0470741887|page=38|ref=Rolls-Royce Case Study}} Ford, and Daimler-Chrysler, Johnson & Johnson, aeronautics companies Boeing, NASA, technology companies Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, General Electric, Xerox, IBM, LG, Samsung, Intel, Procter & Gamble, Expedia, and Kodak have used TRIZ methods in projects.{{cite news|last=Wallace|first=Mark|title=The science of invention|url=http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/29/altshuller/index.html|access-date=3 October 2010|newspaper=Salon.com|date=June 29, 2000|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726132210/http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/29/altshuller/index.html|archive-date=26 July 2008}}{{cite news|last=Jana|first=Reena|title=The World According to TRIZ|url=http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/may2006/id20060531_965895.htm?chan=innovation_innovation+%2B+design_innovation+and+design+lead|access-date=3 October 2010|newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=May 31, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622091534/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/may2006/id20060531_965895.htm?chan=innovation_innovation+%2B+design_innovation+and+design+lead|archive-date=22 June 2010}}{{cite news|last=Hamm|first=Steve|title=Tech Innovations for Tough Times|url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2008/tc20081223_490913.htm|access-date=3 October 2010|newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek|date=December 25, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109063230/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2008/tc20081223_490913.htm|archive-date=9 January 2010}}{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Peter|title=A Perpetual Crisis Machine|access-date=3 October 2010|newspaper=CNNMoney.com|date=September 19, 2005|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/09/19/8272909/index.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611083153/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/09/19/8272909/index.htm|archive-date=11 June 2010}}
TOP-TRIZ is a modern version of developed and integrated TRIZ methods. "TOP-TRIZ includes further development of problem formulation and problem modeling, development of Standard Solutions into Standard Techniques, further development of ARIZ and Technology Forecasting. TOP-TRIZ has integrated its methods into a universal and user-friendly system for innovation."Royzen, Zinovy (2014), "TOP-TRIZ, Method for Innovation, Applications, Implementation." 5th International Conference on Systematic Innovation, San Jose, CA, July 16–18, 2014, Proceeding, {{ISBN|978-986-90782-1-4}}, pp. 253-282. https://www.i-sim.org/icsi/FullProceedings/ICSI2014-FullProceedings.pdf. In 1992, several TRIZ practitioners fleeing the collapsing Soviet Union relocated and formed Ideation International.{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.whereinnovationbegins.net/who-we-are/ |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=Ideation International}} They developed I-TRIZ, their version of TRIZ.
In [https://www.liberatingstructures.com Liberating Structures], the facilitation method, also called [https://www.liberatingstructures.com/6-making-space-with-triz TRIZ], was "inspired by one small element of" the original TRIZ methodology but is used in a distinct context.{{cite web
| title = Making Space with TRIZ
| website = Liberating Structures
| url = https://www.liberatingstructures.com/6-making-space-with-triz/
| access-date = 21 November 2024
}} The method helps groups to identify and eliminate counterproductive practices by imagining the worst possible outcomes, recognizing current actions contributing to these scenarios, and designing practical steps to prevent them. This participatory approach emphasizes collaborative problem-solving within teams, setting it apart from the engineering-focused origins of the original TRIZ framework.
See also
{{Portal|Psychology}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{anchor|Books on TRIZ}}Further reading
- {{cite book
| last = Altshuller
| first = Genrich
| year = 1999
| title = The Innovation Algorithm: TRIZ, systematic innovation, and technical creativity
| location = Worcester, MA
| publisher = Technical Innovation Center
| isbn = 978-0-9640740-4-0
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Altshuller
| first = Genrich
| year = 1984
| title = Creativity as an Exact Science
| location = New York, NY
| publisher = Gordon & Breach
| isbn = 978-0-677-21230-2
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Altshuller
| first = Genrich
| year = 1994
| title = And Suddenly the Inventor Appeared
| others = translated by Lev Shulyak
| location = Worcester, MA
| publisher = Technical Innovation Center
| isbn = 978-0-9640740-2-6
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Altshuller
| first = Genrich
| year = 2005
| title = 40 Principles:Extended Edition
| others = translated by Lev Shulyak with additions by Dana Clarke, Sr.
| location = Worcester, MA
| publisher = Technical Innovation Center
| isbn = 978-0-9640740-5-7
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Gadd
| first = Karen
| year = 2011
| title = TRIZ for Engineers: Enabling Inventive Problem Solving
| location = UK
| publisher = John Wiley & Sons
| isbn = 978-0-4707418-8-7
}}
- {{cite book
| last = Haines-Gadd
| first = Lilly
| year = 2016
| title = TRIZ for Dummies
| location = UK
| publisher = John Wiley & Sons
| isbn = 978-1-1191074-7-7
}}
- {{citation | last = Royzen | first = Zinovy | date = 2009 | title = Designing and Manufacturing Better Products Faster Using TRIZ | publisher = TRIZ Consulting, Inc.}}
- {{cite book | last=Royzen | first=Zinovy | title=Systematic engineering innovation | publication-place=Seattle, WA | date=2020 | isbn=978-0-9728543-4-4 | oclc=1297849736}}
- {{cite book | last=Karasik | first=Yevgeny B. | title=Duality revolution : discovery of new types and mechanisms of duality that are revolutionizing science and technology as well as our ability to solve problems | publication-place=[place of publication not identified] | date=2021 | isbn=979-8-5044-3426-1 | oclc=1363847265}}
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