Tabby cat#Ticked tabby

The English term tabby originally referred to "striped silk taffeta", from the French word tabis, meaning "a rich watered silk". This can be further traced to the Middle French atabis (14th century), which stemmed from the Arabic term عتابية / ʿattābiyya.{{Cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/tabby |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930193257/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/tabby |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 September 2018 |title=tabby {{!}} Definition of tabby |website=Oxford Dictionaries |access-date=30 September 2018}} This word is a reference to the Attabiya district of Baghdad, noted for its striped cloth and silk;{{cite book |first=James E. |last=Glevin |publisher=Oxford University Press |title=The Modern Middle East: A History |page=21}} itself named after the Umayyad governor of Mecca Attab ibn Asid. Such silk cloth became popular in the Muslim world and spread to England, where the word "tabby" became commonly used in the 17th and 18th centuries.{{cite book |title=Baghdad: During the Abbasid Caliphate |first=Guy |last=Le Strange |page=138}}

Use of the term tabby cat for a cat with a striped coat began in the 1690s, and was shortened to tabby in 1774. The notion that tabby indicates a female cat may be due to the feminine proper name Tabby as a nickname of "Tabitha".{{cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tabby |title=tabby - Origin and meaning of tabby by Online Etymology Dictionary |website=Etymonline.com |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110514103421/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tabby |url-status=live}}

File:Katzepasstauf (2009 photo; cropped 2022) (cropped).jpg

{{Multiple image

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| image1 = Black mackerel tabby DSH (no background).jpg

| caption1 = Mackerel

| image2 = DSH blotched transparent (cropped).png

| caption2 = Classic or blotched

| image3 = Star Spangled Cat (mirrored).jpg

| caption3 = Spotted

| image4 = Abyssin.jpg

| caption4 = Ticked

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The four known distinct patterns, each having a sound genetic explanation, are the mackerel, classic, ticked, and spotted tabby patterns.

A fifth pattern is formed by any of the four basic patterns being included as part of a patched pattern. A patched tabby is a cat with calico or tortoiseshell markings combined with patches of tabby coat (such cats are called caliby and torbie, respectively, in cat fancy).

All five patterns have been observed in random-bred populations. Several additional patterns are found in specific breeds and so are not as well known. For example, a modified classic tabby is found in the Sokoke breed. Some of these rarer patterns are because of the interaction of wild and domestic genes, as with the rosette and marbled patterns found in the Bengal breed.

{{Further|Brindle}}

The mackerel, or striped, tabby pattern consists of thin vertical stripes that gently curve along the sides of the body. These stripes can be continuous or broken into bars and short segments/spots, especially on the flanks and stomach. Three or five vertical lines in an "M" shape almost always appear on the forehead, along with dark lines from the corners of the eyes, one or more crossing each cheek, with many stripes and lines at various angles on the neck and shoulder area, on the flanks, and around the legs and tail, marks that are more or less perpendicular to the length of the body part. Mackerel tabbies are also called 'fishbone tabbies,' probably doubly named after the mackerel fish.{{cite web |title=Glossary of Cat Terms |url=http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBG |access-date=24 November 2009 |archive-date=18 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218030936/http://www.iams.com/iams/en_US/jsp/IAMS_Page.jsp?pageID=CBG |url-status=live}} Mackerels are the most common among tabbies.

The classic tabby, also known as blotched tabby, has the 'M' pattern on the forehead but, rather than primarily thin stripes or spots, the body markings are thick curving bands in whorls or a swirled pattern, with a distinctive mark on each side of the body resembling a bullseye. 80% of modern-day cats have the recessive allele responsible for the classic pattern.{{cite journal |last1=Ottoni |first1=Claudio |last2=Van Neer |first2=Wim |last3=De Cupere |first3=Bea |last4=Daligault |first4=Julien |last5=Guimaraes |first5=Silvia |last6=Peters |first6=Joris |last7=Spassov |first7=Nikolai |last8=Prendergast |first8=Mary E. |last9=Boivin |first9=Nicole |last10=Morales-Muñiz |first10=Arturo |last11=Bălăşescu |first11=Adrian |last12=Becker |first12=Cornelia |last13=Benecke |first13=Norbert |last14=Boroneant |first14=Adina |last15=Buitenhuis |first15=Hijlke |last16=Chahoud |first16=Jwana |last17=Crowther |first17=Alison |last18=Llorente |first18=Laura |last19=Manaseryan |first19=Nina |last20=Monchot |first20=Hervé |last21=Onar |first21=Vedat |last22=Osypińska |first22=Marta |last23=Putelat |first23=Olivier |last24=Quintana Morales |first24=Eréndira M. |last25=Studer |first25=Jacqueline |last26=Wierer |first26=Ursula |last27=Decorte |first27=Ronny |last28=Grange |first28=Thierry |last29=Geigl |first29=Eva-Maria |title=The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |date=19 June 2017 |volume=1 |issue=7 |page=0139 |doi=10.1038/s41559-017-0139 |bibcode=2017NatEE...1..139O |s2cid=44041769 }} Black tabbies generally have dark browns, olives, and ochres that stand out more against their black colors. Classic tabbies each have a light-colored "butterfly" pattern on the shoulders and three thin stripes (the center stripe being the darkest) running along the spine. The legs, tail, and cheeks of a classic tabby have thick stripes, bands, and/or bars. The gene responsible for the coloring of a classic tabby is recessive. Many American shorthair cats demonstrate this pattern.{{Cite web |title=American Shorthair |publisher=The Cat Fanciers' Association |url=https://cfa.org/american-shorthair/ |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=CFA.org |archive-date=2 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102004327/http://cfa.org/Breeds/BreedsAB/AmericanShorthair.aspx |url-status=live}}

The ticked tabby pattern is due to even fields of agouti hairs, each with distinct bands of color, which break up the tabby patterning into a salt-and-pepper appearance that makes them look sand-like—thus there are few to no stripes or bands. Residual ghost striping and/or barring can often be seen on the lower legs, face, and belly and sometimes at the tail tip, as well as the standard 'M' and a long dark line running along the spine, primarily in ticked tabbies that also carry a mackerel or classic tabby allele. These types of cats come in many forms and colors.

It's thought that the spotted tabby results from a modifier gene that breaks up the mackerel tabby pattern and causes the stripes to appear as spots.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} Similarly, the classic tabby pattern may be broken by the spotted tabby gene into large spots. One can see both large and small spot patterns in the Australian Mist, Bengal, Serengeti, Savannah, Egyptian Mau, Arabian Mau, Maine Coon, and Ocicat breeds, among others, as well as some crosses. Naturally, the most common spotted tabby looks most similar to the mackerel tabby, including the classic marks on the limbs, tail, and head, as well as the 'M' on the forehead.

{{Further|Cat coat genetics#Sex-linked red|l1=Sex-linked red}}{{Multiple image

| header = Tabby variations

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| image1 = Orange tabby kitten.jpg

| caption1 = Orange tabby cat

| image2 = Mackerel tabby profile.jpg

| caption2 = Black-striped mackerel tabby cat

| image3 = Cat, Standard Orange Tabby.jpg

| caption3 = Orange-blotched tabby-and-white cat

| image4 = RoyalNefertt Serket of AchetAton.jpg

| caption4 = Black silver spotted tabby Egyptian Mau

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| image5 = Spotted classic.jpg

| caption5 = Black-blotched (left) and spotted (right) tabby British Shorthair cats

| image6 = Olhos de um gato-3.jpg

| image7 = Black tortoiseshell tabby and white cat side (cropped).jpg

| image8 = Ragdoll Kater, drei Jahre alt, RAG n 21 seal-tabby-colourpoint, Januar 2015.JPG

| image10 = Sokoke.jpg

| image9 = Paintedcats Red Star standing.jpg

| caption10 = Black modified classic tabby Sokoke

| caption9 = Black-rosetted tabby Bengal

| caption8 = Black tabby point Ragdoll

| caption7 = Black tortoiseshell mackerel tabby-and-white tricolor ("caliby") cat

| caption6 = Black tortoiseshell ("tortie") cat

}}

The orange tabby, also commonly called red or ginger tabby, is a color-variant of the above patterns, having pheomelanin (O allele) instead of eumelanin (o allele). Though generally a mix of orange and white, the ratio between fur color varies, from a few orange spots on the back of a white cat to a completely orange coloring with no white at all. The orange areas can be darker or lighter spots or stripes, but the white is nearly always solid and usually appears on the underbelly, paws, chest, and muzzle.

The face markings are reminiscent of the mackerel or classic tabby and, with orange/white, inclusion of a white spot on the face that covers the mouth, coming to a point around the forehead. Because a masking gene is present on white fur, its inclusion is often asymmetrical, leading to more or less white fur on each paw or side of the face.{{Cite web |last=Pettitt |first=Jane |date=13 April 2021 |title=Cat Fur Patterns, Colors and Markings |url=https://petskb.com/cat-fur-patterns-colors-and-markings/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=PetsKB |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703011020/https://petskb.com/cat-fur-patterns-colors-and-markings/ |url-status=live}}

Roughly 75% of ginger cats are male.{{cite journal |last1=Leaman |first1=T. |last2=Rowland |first2=R. |last3=Long |first3=S.E. |title=Male tortoiseshell cats in the United Kingdom |journal=Veterinary Record |date=January 1999 |volume=144 |issue=1 |pages=9–12 |doi=10.1136/vr.144.1.9 |pmid=10028567 }} Male cats with the gene for orange can be either X°Y ginger or X-Y black or non-ginger tabby. Females with the gene have three possibilities: X-X- black or non-ginger tabby, X°X° ginger, and X-X° tortoiseshell, thus male cats cannot be tortoiseshell unless they have two X chromosomes.

{{Further|Tortoiseshell cat|Calico cat}}

Since female cats have two X chromosomes, it is possible for them to have the O (orange) allele on one X chromosome and o (black) on the other. This causes both colors to appear in random patches, either with or without the tabby pattern. When paired with the tabby pattern, these cats are known as torbie cats. If there is also white spotting, the cat is known as a caliby (US English).

{{see also|Cat coat genetics#Tabbies}}Two distinct gene loci, the agouti gene locus (two alleles) and the tabby locus (three alleles), and one modifier, spotted (two alleles), cause the four basic tabby patterns. The fifth pattern is emergent, being expressed by female cats with one black and one orange gene on each of their two X chromosomes, and is explained by Barr bodies and the genetics of sex-linked inheritance.{{cite journal |last1=Kaelin |first1=C. B. |last2=Xu |first2=X. |last3=Hong |first3=L. Z. |last4=David |first4=V. A. |last5=McGowan |first5=K. A. |last6=Schmidt-Küntzel |first6=A. |last7=Roelke |first7=M. E. |last8=Pino |first8=J. |last9=Pontius |first9=J. |last10=Cooper |first10=G. M. |last11=Manuel |first11=H. |last12=Swanson |first12=W. F. |last13=Marker |first13=L. |last14=Harper |first14=C. K. |last15=van Dyk |first15=A. |last16=Yue |first16=B. |last17=Mullikin |first17=J. C. |last18=Warren |first18=W. C. |last19=Eizirik |first19=E. |last20=Kos |first20=L. |last21=O'Brien |first21=S. J. |last22=Barsh |first22=G. S. |last23=Menotti-Raymond |first23=M. |title=Specifying and sustaining pigmentation patterns in domestic and wild cats |journal=Science |volume=337 |issue=6101 |pages=1536–1541 |date=September 2012 |pmid=22997338 |pmc=3709578 |doi=10.1126/science.1220893 |bibcode=2012Sci...337.1536K}}{{cite journal |last1=Kaelin |first1=Chris |last2=Barsh |first2=Greg |title=Tabby pattern genetics – a whole new breed of cat |journal=Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research |date=August 2010 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=514–516 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00723.x |pmid=20518859 }}

The agouti gene, with its two alleles, A and a,[http://www.tenset.co.uk/catgen/catsofadifferentcolor.html#6_5 Cats of a Different Color, Agouti.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210000014/http://www.tenset.co.uk/catgen/catsofadifferentcolor.html#6_5 |date=10 February 2008}} controls whether or not the tabby pattern is expressed. The dominant A expresses the underlying tabby pattern, while the recessive non-agouti or "hyper-melanistic" allele, a, does not. Solid-color (black or blue) cats have the aa combination, hiding the tabby pattern, although sometimes a suggestion of the underlying pattern can be seen ("ghost striping"). This underlying pattern, whether classic, mackerel, ticked or spotted, is most easily distinguishable under bright light in the early stages of kittenhood and on the tail in adulthood.

However, the agouti gene primarily controls the production of black pigment, so a cat with an O allele for orange color still expresses the tabby pattern. As a result, both red cats and the patches of red on tortoiseshell cats always show tabby patterning, though sometimes the stripes are muted—especially in cream and blue/cream cats due to the pigment dilution.

The mackerel pattern and its T^m allele at the tabby gene locus is dominant over the classic (or blotched) allele, T^b. So a cat with a T^mT^m or T^mT^b genotype sets the basic pattern of thin stripes (mackerel tabby) that underlies the coat, while a T^bT^b cat expresses a classic tabby coat pattern with thick bands and a ring or concentric stripes on its sides.

The ticked tabby pattern is a result of a different allele at the same gene locus as the mackerel and classic tabby patterns and this allele is dominant over the others. So a T^aT^a genotype as well as T^aT^m and T^aT^b genotypes are ticked tabbies. The ticked tabby coat essentially masks any other tabby pattern, producing a non-patterned, or agouti tabby (much like the wild type agouti coat of many other mammals and the sable coat of dogs), with virtually no stripes or bars. If the ticked allele is present, no other tabby pattern is expressed. The ticked allele actually shows incomplete dominance: cats homozygous for the ticked allele (T^aT^a) have less barring than cats heterozygous for the ticked allele (T^aT^m or T^aT^b).

The spotted gene is a separate locus theorized to be directly connected to the T^m allele; it 'breaks' the lines and thin stripes of a mackerel tabby, creating spots. The spotted gene has a dominant and a recessive allele as well, which means a spotted cat has an Sp Sp or Sp sp genotype along with at least one T^m allele and at least one A allele at those alleles’ respective loci.

Personality and aggression vary widely from cat to cat, and is multifactorial.{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-7216-9498-5/X5001-1 |title=Feline Behavior |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-7216-9498-6 |first1=Bonnie V. |last1=Beaver }}{{pn|date=July 2024}} A 2015 study from University of California, Davis sought to examine the relationship between coat color and behavior in cats.{{cite journal |last1=Stelow |first1=Elizabeth A. |last2=Bain |first2=Melissa J. |last3=Kass |first3=Philip H. |title=The Relationship Between Coat Color and Aggressive Behaviors in the Domestic Cat |journal=Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |date=2 January 2016 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1080/10888705.2015.1081820 |pmid=26467020 |s2cid=7645478 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hf2b2st }} Researchers ran statistical analyses from 1,274 online surveys completed by cat owners. The owners were asked to rank the cats' aggressiveness during interactions with human aggression, handling aggression, and veterinary aggression. The study concluded that, though aggressive behaviors did show up in different levels between different coats, these were relatively minor. The larger differences in aggression seemed to researchers to be sex-linked, rather than related to any coat pattern or coloring:

{{blockquote|1=With all coat colors combined, females were identified by their guardians as more aggressive during veterinary visits compared with males (X² = 10.36, p = .001). Analyses showed that gray-and-white and black/brown/gray tabby females were more aggressive than their male counterparts at veterinarians’ offices (X² = 9.28, p = .002, and X² = 5.00, p = .025, respectively).}}

A similar study also reported no evidence of a link between a cat's behavior and its coat pattern; however, it suggested that any differences were just how they were being perceived, i.e. people perceive orange cats as "friendly" and white cats as "shy", and then look for confirmation of these perceptions.{{Cite journal |last1=Delgado |first1=Mikel M. |last2=Munera |first2=Jacqueline D. |last3=Reevy |first3=Gretchen M. |date=2012 |title=Human Perceptions of Coat Color as an Indicator of Domestic Cat Personality |journal=Anthrozoös |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=427–440 |doi=10.2752/175303712X13479798785779 |s2cid=143028278 }}

Since the tabby pattern is a common wild type, it might be assumed that medieval cats were tabbies. However, the natural philosopher John Aubrey believed this to be untrue. Sometime after the mid-17th century, he noted that William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury was "{{sic|hide=y|a great lover of Cats}}" and "{{sic|hide=y|was presented with some Cyprus-cats, i.e. our Tabby-Cats}}". He then claimed that "{{sic|hide=y|I doe well remember that the common English Catt, was white with some blueish piednesse [i.e. with grey parts]. The race or breed of them is now almost lost.}}"Oliver Lawson Dick, ed. Aubrey's Brief Lives. Edited from the Original Manuscripts, 1949, p. xxxvi. Despite this, most drawings and paintings of cats in medieval manuscripts depict them as tabbies.Kathleen Walker-Meikle, Medieval Cats (British Library, 2011).

Notable examples of tabby cats include:

• Think Think: one of two cats belonging to former President of Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen.{{cite web |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/taiwans-cat-loving-president-to-adopt-dogs-too |title=Taiwan's cat-loving President to adopt dogs too, East Asia News & Top Stories |publisher=The Straits Times |date=27 May 2016 |access-date=22 June 2016 |archive-date=28 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528160959/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/taiwans-cat-loving-president-to-adopt-dogs-too |url-status=live}}
• The Ithaca Kitty: a grey tabby cat with seven toes on each front foot that inspired one of the first mass-produced stuffed toys.{{cite web |url=http://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2016/07/28/ithaca-kitty-success-across-america/87666422/ |title=Ithaca Kitty was a success across America |publisher=Ithacajournal.com |date=28 July 2016 |access-date=6 March 2017 |archive-date=22 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322023513/https://www.ithacajournal.com/story/news/local/2016/07/28/ithaca-kitty-success-across-america/87666422/ |url-status=live}}
• Morris the Cat: an orange tabby who began appearing as an advertising mascot for 9Lives cat food in 1969. Morris became an iconic television character in the following decades, being played by three orange tabbies since 1968, all rescued from shelters.{{Cite web |title=I Met Morris {{!}} Busy Beaver Button Museum |url=https://www.buttonmuseum.org/buttons/i-met-morris |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=ButtonMuseum.org |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627053210/https://www.buttonmuseum.org/buttons/i-met-morris |url-status=live}}
• Maru: a tabby from Japan, and one of the most popular cats in the age of the internet. He once held the Guinness World Record for the most-watched animal on YouTube.{{Citation |title=Maru - The most watched animal on YouTube - Japan Tour | date=24 March 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCofdZITUEY |access-date=10 June 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629153122/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCofdZITUEY |url-status=live}}
• Orangey: an orange tabby who starred in a number of movie and television roles. He is the only cat to win two PATSY Awards, for Rhubarb (1951) and for Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961).{{Cite book |first1=Kristen |last1=Hampshire |first2=Iris |last2=Bass |first3=Lori |last3=Paximadis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9q7JJKndpIC&dq=frank+inn+++orangey&pg=PA250 |title=Cat Lover's Daily Companion |publisher=Quarry Books |date=2011 |isbn=9781616734787}}
• Larry: a former stray tabby who was rescued by Battersea Dogs & Cats Home, and went on to become Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office at 10 Downing Street.{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.uk/government/history/10-downing-street#larry-chief-mouser| title = History - 10 Downing Street|website=gov.uk}}

• Brindle
• Calico cat
• Tortoiseshell cat
• Siamese cat

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Tabby cats}}

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Category:Cat coat types

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