| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Name
!Abbreviation
!Main category
!Subcategory
!Year published
!Ref. |
| Simulated Annealing
|SA
|Trajectory-based
|-
|1983
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Kirkpatrick|first1=S.|last2=Gelatt|first2=C. D.|last3=Vecchi|first3=M. P.|date=1983-05-13|title=Optimization by Simulated Annealing|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.220.4598.671|journal=Science|language=en|volume=220|issue=4598|pages=671–680|doi=10.1126/science.220.4598.671|pmid=17813860|bibcode=1983Sci...220..671K|s2cid=205939|issn=0036-8075}}] |
| Tabu Search
|TS
|Trajectory-based
|-
|1989
|[{{Cite journal|last=Glover|first=Fred|date=1989-08-01|title=Tabu Search—Part I|url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/ijoc.1.3.190|journal=ORSA Journal on Computing|volume=1|issue=3|pages=190–206|doi=10.1287/ijoc.1.3.190|issn=0899-1499}}] |
| Genetic Algorithm
|GA
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|1992
|[{{Cite book |last=Holland |first=John H. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42854623 |title=Adaptation in natural and artificial systems : an introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence |date=1992 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0-585-03844-9 |edition=1st MIT Press |location=Cambridge, Mass. |oclc=42854623}}] |
| Evolutionary Algorithm
|EA
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|1994 |
| Cultural Algorithm
|CA
|
|
|1994
|[{{Cite book|last1=Sebald|first1=Anthony V.|chapter=Evolutionary Programming|date=1994-09-01|pages=1–386|title=Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference|publisher=WORLD SCIENTIFIC|doi=10.1142/9789814534116 |isbn=978-981-02-1810-2|last2=Fogel|first2=Lawrence J.}}] |
| Particle Swarm Optimization
|PSO
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|1995
|[{{Cite book|last1=Kennedy|first1=J.|last2=Eberhart|first2=R.|title=Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks |chapter=Particle swarm optimization |date=November 1995|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/488968|volume=4|pages=1942–1948 vol.4|doi=10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968|isbn=0-7803-2768-3|s2cid=7367791}}] |
| Differential Evaluation
|DE
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|1997
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Storn|first1=Rainer|last2=Price|first2=Kenneth|date=1997-12-01 |title=Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for global Optimization over Continuous Spaces|journal=Journal of Global Optimization|language=en|volume=11|issue=4|pages=341–359 |doi=10.1023/A:1008202821328|bibcode=1997JGOpt..11..341S |s2cid=5297867|issn=1573-2916}}] |
| Local Search
|LS
|
|
|1997
| |
| Variable neighborhood search
|VNS
|Trajectory-based
| -
|1997
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Mladenović|first1=N.|last2=Hansen|first2=P.|date=1997-11-01|title=Variable neighborhood search|journal=Computers & Operations Research|language=en|volume=24|issue=11|pages=1097–1100|doi=10.1016/S0305-0548(97)00031-2|issn=0305-0548}}] |
| Guided Local Search
|GLS
|Trajectory-based
| -
|1998
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Balas|first1=Egon|last2=Vazacopoulos|first2=Alkis|date=1998-02-01|title=Guided Local Search with Shifting Bottleneck for Job Shop Scheduling|url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.44.2.262|journal=Management Science|volume=44|issue=2|pages=262–275|doi=10.1287/mnsc.44.2.262|issn=0025-1909}}] |
| Clonal Selection Algorithm
|CSA
|Evolutionary-based
| -
|2000
|[{{Cite journal|last1=de Castro|first1=L.N.|last2=Von Zuben|first2=F.J.|date=June 2002|title=Learning and optimization using the clonal selection principle|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1011539|journal=IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation|volume=6|issue=3|pages=239–251|doi=10.1109/TEVC.2002.1011539|issn=1941-0026}}] |
| Harmony Search
|HS
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|2001
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Zong Woo Geem|last2=Joong Hoon Kim|last3=Loganathan|first3=G.V.|date=February 2001|title=A New Heuristic Optimization Algorithm: Harmony Search|journal=Simulation|language=en-US|volume=76|issue=2 |pages=60–68|doi=10.1177/003754970107600201|s2cid=20076748|issn=0037-5497}}] |
| Memetic Algorithm
|MA
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|2002
| |
| Iterative Local Search
|ILS
|Trajectory-based
|-
|2003
|[{{Cite book|last1=Lourenço|first1=Helena R.|chapter=Iterated Local Search|date=2003|title=Handbook of Metaheuristics|pages=320–353|editor-last=Glover|editor-first=Fred|series=International Series in Operations Research & Management Science|place=Boston, MA|publisher=Springer US|language=en|doi=10.1007/0-306-48056-5_11|isbn=978-0-306-48056-0|last2=Martin|first2=Olivier C.|last3=Stützle|first3=Thomas|s2cid=198489826 |editor2-last=Kochenberger |editor2-first=Gary A.}}] |
| Artificial Bee Colony
|ABC
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2005
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Karaboga|first1=Dervis|last2=Basturk|first2=Bahriye|date=2007-11-01|title=A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm |journal=Journal of Global Optimization|language=en|volume=39|issue=3|pages=459–471|doi=10.1007/s10898-007-9149-x|s2cid=8540283|issn=1573-2916}}] |
| Ant Colony Optimization
|ACO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2006
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Dorigo|first1=Marco|last2=Birattari|first2=Mauro|last3=Stutzle|first3=Thomas|date=November 2006|title=Ant colony optimization|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4129846|journal=IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine|volume=1|issue=4|pages=28–39|doi=10.1109/MCI.2006.329691|issn=1556-6048}}] |
| Glowworm Swarm Optimization
|GSO
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2006
|[{{Cite book|last1=Krishnanand|first1=K.N.|last2=Ghose|first2=D.|title=Proceedings 2005 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, 2005. SIS 2005 |chapter=Detection of multiple source locations using a glowworm metaphor with applications to collective robotics |date=June 2005|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1501606|pages=84–91|doi=10.1109/SIS.2005.1501606|isbn=0-7803-8916-6|s2cid=17016908}}] |
| Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm
|SFLA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2006
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Eusuff|first1=Muzaffar|last2=Lansey|first2=Kevin|last3=Pasha|first3=Fayzul |date=2006-03-01|title=Shuffled frog-leaping algorithm: a memetic meta-heuristic for discrete optimization |journal=Engineering Optimization|volume=38|issue=2|pages=129–154|doi=10.1080/03052150500384759 |s2cid=18117277|issn=0305-215X}}] |
| Invasive Weed Optimization
|IWO
|Nature-inspired
|Plant-based
|2006
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Mehrabian|first1=A. R.|last2=Lucas|first2=C.|date=2006-12-01|title=A novel numerical optimization algorithm inspired from weed colonization|journal=Ecological Informatics |language=en|volume=1|issue=4 |pages=355–366|doi=10.1016/j.ecoinf.2006.07.003|bibcode=2006EcInf...1..355M |issn=1574-9541}}] |
| Seeker Optimization Algorithm
|SOA
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2006
|[{{Cite book |last1=Dai |first1=Chaohua |last2=Zhu |first2=Yunfang |last3=Chen |first3=Weirong |title=Computational Intelligence and Security |chapter=Seeker Optimization Algorithm |date=2007 |editor-last=Wang |editor-first=Yuping |editor2-last=Cheung |editor2-first=Yiu-ming |editor3-last=Liu |editor3-first=Hailin |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-74377-4_18 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=4456 |language=en |location=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |pages=167–176 |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-74377-4_18 |isbn=978-3-540-74377-4|s2cid=15135923 }}] |
| Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm
|ICA
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2007
|[{{Cite book|last1=Atashpaz-Gargari|first1=Esmaeil|last2=Lucas|first2=Caro|title=2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation |chapter=Imperialist competitive algorithm: An algorithm for optimization inspired by imperialistic competition |date=September 2007|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4425083|pages=4661–4667|doi=10.1109/CEC.2007.4425083|isbn=978-1-4244-1339-3|s2cid=2736579}}] |
| Central Force Optimization
|CFO
|
|
|2007
|[{{Cite journal |last=Formato |first=Richard |date=2007 |title=Central Force Optimization: a New Metaheuristic with Applications in Applied Electromagnetics |url=http://www.jpier.org/PIER/pier.php?paper=07082403 |journal=Progress in Electromagnetics Research |language=English |volume=77 |pages=425–491 |doi=10.2528/PIER07082403 |issn=1070-4698|doi-access=free }}] |
| Biogeography Based Optimization
|BBO
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2008
|[{{Cite journal|last=Simon|first=Dan|date=December 2008|title=Biogeography-Based Optimization|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4475427|journal=IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation|volume=12|issue=6|pages=702–713|doi=10.1109/TEVC.2008.919004|s2cid=8319014|issn=1941-0026}}] |
| Firefly Algorithm
|FA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2008
|[{{Cite book|last=Yang|first=Xin-She|title=Stochastic Algorithms: Foundations and Applications |chapter=Firefly Algorithms for Multimodal Optimization |date=2009|editor-last=Watanabe|editor-first=Osamu|editor2-last=Zeugmann|editor2-first=Thomas|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-04944-6_14|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|volume=5792|language=en|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|pages=169–178|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-04944-6_14|isbn=978-3-642-04944-6|s2cid=34975975}}] |
| Intelligent Water Drops
|IWD
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2008
|[{{Cite journal|last=Hosseini|first=Hamed Shah|date=2009|title=The intelligent water drops algorithm: a nature-inspired swarm-based optimization algorithm|url=http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=22775|journal=International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation|language=en|volume=1|issue=1/2|pages=71|doi=10.1504/IJBIC.2009.022775|issn=1758-0366}}] |
| Monkey Algorithm
|MA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2008
|[Zhao R Q, Tang W S. Monkey algorithm for global numerical optimization. Journal of Uncertain Systems. 2008,2 (3):164-175.] |
| Cuckoo Search
|CS
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2009
|[{{Cite book|last1=Yang|first1=Xin-She|last2=Suash Deb|chapter=Cuckoo Search via Lévy flights |title=2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC) |date=December 2009|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5393690 |pages=210–214|doi=10.1109/NABIC.2009.5393690|isbn=978-1-4244-5053-4|s2cid=206491725}}] |
| Group Search Optimizer
|GSO
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2009
|[{{Cite journal|last1=He|first1=S.|last2=Wu|first2=Q. H.|last3=Saunders|first3=J. R.|date=October 2009|title=Group Search Optimizer: An Optimization Algorithm Inspired by Animal Searching Behavior|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5196714|journal=IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation|volume=13|issue=5|pages=973–990|doi=10.1109/TEVC.2009.2011992|s2cid=38375639|issn=1941-0026}}] |
| Key Cutting Algorithm
|KCA
|
|
|2009
|[{{Cite book |last=Qin |first=Jing |title=2009 IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services (GSIS 2009) |chapter=A new optimization algorithm and its application — Key cutting algorithm |date=November 2009 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5408158 |pages=1537–1541 |doi=10.1109/GSIS.2009.5408158|isbn=978-1-4244-4914-9 |s2cid=27652599 }}] |
| Hunting Search
|HS
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2009
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Oftadeh|first1=R.|last2=Mahjoob|first2=M. J.|last3=Shariatpanahi|first3=M.|date=2010-10-01|title=A novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm inspired by group hunting of animals: Hunting search|journal=Computers & Mathematics with Applications|language=en|volume=60|issue=7|pages=2087–2098|doi=10.1016/j.camwa.2010.07.049|issn=0898-1221|doi-access=}}] |
| Chemical Reaction Optimization
|CRO
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2009
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Lam|first1=Albert Y. S.|last2=Li|first2=Victor O. K.|date=June 2010|title=Chemical-Reaction-Inspired Metaheuristic for Optimization|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5353674|journal=IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation|volume=14|issue=3|pages=381–399|doi=10.1109/TEVC.2009.2033580|hdl=10722/130634|s2cid=2281747|issn=1941-0026|hdl-access=free}}] |
| Bat Algorithm
|BA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2010
|[{{Cite book|last=Yang|first=Xin-She|chapter=A New Metaheuristic Bat-Inspired Algorithm|date=2010 |title=Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2010)|pages=65–74|editor-last=González|editor-first=Juan R.|series=Studies in Computational Intelligence|volume=284|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-12538-6_6|isbn=978-3-642-12538-6 |s2cid=14494281|editor2-last=Pelta|editor2-first=David Alejandro|editor3-last=Cruz|editor3-first=Carlos |editor4-last=Terrazas|editor4-first=Germán}}] |
| Charged System Search
|CSS
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2010
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Kaveh|first1=A.|last2=Talatahari|first2=S.|date=2010-09-01|title=A novel heuristic optimization method: charged system search|journal=Acta Mechanica|language=en|volume=213|issue=3 |pages=267–289 |doi=10.1007/s00707-009-0270-4|s2cid=119512430|issn=1619-6937}}] |
| Eagle Strategy
|ES
|Nature-inspired
|
|2010
| |
| Fireworks Algorithm
|FWA
|
|
|2010
|[{{Cite book |last1=Tan |first1=Ying |chapter=Fireworks Algorithm for Optimization |date=2010 |title=Advances in Swarm Intelligence |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=6145 |pages=355–364 |editor-last=Tan |editor-first=Ying |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-13495-1_44 |isbn=978-3-642-13494-4 |last2=Zhu |first2=Yuanchun |editor2-last=Shi |editor2-first=Yuhui |editor3-last=Tan |editor3-first=Kay Chen}}] |
| Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm
|COA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2011
|[{{Cite journal|last=Rajabioun|first=Ramin|date=2011-12-01|title=Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm |journal=Applied Soft Computing|language=en|volume=11|issue=8|pages=5508–5518 |doi=10.1016/j.asoc.2011.05.008 |issn=1568-4946}}] |
| Stochastic Diffusion Search
|SDS
|
|
|2011
| |
| Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization
|TLBO
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2011
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Rao|first1=R. V.|last2=Savsani|first2=V. J.|last3=Vakharia|first3=D. P. |date=2011-03-01|title=Teaching–learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems |journal=Computer-Aided Design|language=en|volume=43|issue=3|pages=303–315 |doi=10.1016/j.cad.2010.12.015|issn=0010-4485}}] |
| Bacterial Colony Optimization
|BCO
|
|
|2012
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Niu|first1=Ben|last2=Wang|first2=Hong|date=2012-11-27|title=Bacterial Colony Optimization|journal=Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society|volume=2012|pages=1–28|language=en|doi=10.1155/2012/698057|doi-access=free}}] |
| Fruit Fly Optimization
|FFO
|
|
|2012
| |
| Krill Herd Algorithm
|KHA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2012
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Gandomi|first1=Amir Hossein|last2=Alavi|first2=Amir Hossein|date=2012-12-01 |title=Krill herd: A new bio-inspired optimization algorithm|journal=Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation|language=en|volume=17|issue=12|pages=4831–4845|doi=10.1016/j.cnsns.2012.05.010 |bibcode=2012CNSNS..17.4831G|issn=1007-5704}}] |
| Migrating Birds Optimization
|MBO
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2012
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Duman|first1=Ekrem|last2=Uysal|first2=Mitat|last3=Alkaya|first3=Ali Fuat |date=2012-12-25|title=Migrating Birds Optimization: A new metaheuristic approach and its performance on quadratic assignment problem|journal=Information Sciences|language=en|volume=217|pages=65–77 |doi=10.1016/j.ins.2012.06.032|issn=0020-0255}}] |
| Water Cycle Algorithm
|WCA
|
|
|2012
| |
| Backtracking Search Algorithm
|BSA
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|2013
|[{{Cite journal|last=Civicioglu|first=Pinar|date=2013-04-01|title=Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm for numerical optimization problems|journal=Applied Mathematics and Computation|language=en |volume=219|issue=15 |pages=8121–8144|doi=10.1016/j.amc.2013.02.017|issn=0096-3003}}] |
| Black Hole Algorithm
|BH
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2013
|[{{Cite journal|last=Hatamlou|first=Abdolreza|date=2013-02-10|title=Black hole: A new heuristic optimization approach for data clustering|journal=Information Sciences|series=Including Special Section on New Trends in Ambient Intelligence and Bio-inspired Systems|language=en|volume=222|pages=175–184|doi=10.1016/j.ins.2012.08.023|issn=0020-0255}}] |
| Dolphin Echolocation
|DE
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2013
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Kaveh|first1=A.|last2=Farhoudi|first2=N.|date=2013-05-01|title=A new optimization method: Dolphin echolocation|journal=Advances in Engineering Software|language=en|volume=59|pages=53–70|doi=10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.03.004|issn=0965-9978}}] |
| Animal Migration Optimization
|AMO
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2013
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Xiangtao|last2=Zhang|first2=Jie|last3=Yin|first3=Minghao|date=2014-06-01|title=Animal migration optimization: an optimization algorithm inspired by animal migration behavior |journal=Neural Computing and Applications|language=en|volume=24|issue=7|pages=1867–1877 |doi=10.1007/s00521-013-1433-8|s2cid=4362350|issn=1433-3058}}] |
| Keshtel Algorithm
|KA
|Nature-inspired
|
|2014
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Chandra S S|first1=Vinod|date=2014-03-01|title=Solving the integrated scheduling of production and rail transportation problem by Keshtel algorithm|journal=Applied Soft Computing|language=en|volume=25 |issue=3|pages=184–203|doi=10.1016/j.asoc.2014.09.034|issn=1568-4946}}] |
| SDA Optimization Algorithm
|SDA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2014
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Chandra|first1=Vinod|date=2014-03-01|title=Smell Detection Agent Based Optimization Algorithm|journal=J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. B|language=en|volume=97|issue=3|pages=431–436|doi=10.1007/s40031-014-0182-0|doi-access=free}}] |
| Artificial Root Foraging Algorithm
|ARFA
|Nature-inspired
|Plant-based
|2014
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=Lianbo|last2=Hu|first2=Kunyuan|last3=Zhu|first3=Yunlong|last4=Chen|first4=Hanning|last5=He|first5=Maowei|date=2014|title=A Novel Plant Root Foraging Algorithm for Image Segmentation Problems|journal=Mathematical Problems in Engineering|volume=2014|pages=1–16|doi=10.1155/2014/471209|issn=1024-123X|doi-access=free}}] |
| Bumble Bees Mating Optimization
|BBMO
|
|
|2014
| |
| Chicken Swarm Optimization
|CSO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2014
|[{{Cite book |last1=Meng |first1=Xianbing |last2=Liu |first2=Yu |last3=Gao |first3=Xiaozhi |last4=Zhang |first4=Hengzhen |date=2014 |editor-last=Tan |editor-first=Ying |editor2-last=Shi |editor2-first=Yuhui |editor3-last=Coello |editor3-first=Carlos A. Coello |chapter=A New Bio-inspired Algorithm: Chicken Swarm Optimization |title=Advances in Swarm Intelligence |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=8794 |language=en |location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=86–94 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-11857-4_10 |isbn=978-3-319-11857-4}}] |
| Colliding Bodies Optimization
|CBO
|
|
|2014
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Kaveh |first1=A. |last2=Mahdavi |first2=V. R. |date=2014-07-15 |title=Colliding bodies optimization: A novel meta-heuristic method |journal=Computers & Structures |language=en |volume=139 |pages=18–27 |doi=10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.04.005 |issn=0045-7949}}] |
| Coral Reefs Optimization Algorithm
|CROA
|
|
|2014
| |
| Flower Pollination Algorithm
|FPA
|Nature-inspired
|Plant-based
|2014
|[{{Cite book |last=Yang |first=Xin-She |chapter=Flower Pollination Algorithm for Global Optimization |date=2012 |title=Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=7445 |pages=240–249 |editor-last=Durand-Lose |editor-first=Jérôme |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-32894-7_27 |arxiv=1312.5673 |isbn=978-3-642-32893-0 |s2cid=8021636 |editor2-last=Jonoska |editor2-first=Nataša}}] |
| Radial Movement Optimization
|RMO
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2014
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Rahmani |first1=Rasoul |last2=Yusof |first2=Rubiyah |date=2014-12-01 |title=A new simple, fast and efficient algorithm for global optimization over continuous search-space problems: Radial Movement Optimization |journal=Applied Mathematics and Computation |language=en |volume=248 |pages=287–300 |doi=10.1016/j.amc.2014.09.102 |issn=0096-3003}}] |
| Spider Monkey Optimization
|SMO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2014
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Bansal|first1=Jagdish Chand|last2=Sharma|first2=Harish|last3=Jadon|first3=Shimpi Singh|last4=Clerc|first4=Maurice|date=2014-03-01|title=Spider Monkey Optimization algorithm for numerical optimization |journal=Memetic Computing|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=31–47|doi=10.1007/s12293-013-0128-0|s2cid=5714781|issn=1865-9292}}] |
| Soccer League Competition
|SLC
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2014
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Moosavian |first1=Naser |last2=Kasaee Roodsari |first2=Babak |date=2014-08-01 |title=Soccer league competition algorithm: A novel meta-heuristic algorithm for optimal design of water distribution networks |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210650214000224 |journal=Swarm and Evolutionary Computation |language=en |volume=17 |pages=14–24 |doi=10.1016/j.swevo.2014.02.002 |issn=2210-6502}}] |
| Artificial Algae Algorithm
|AAA
|
|
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Uymaz|first1=Sait Ali|last2=Tezel|first2=Gulay|last3=Yel|first3=Esra|date=2015-06-01|title=Artificial algae algorithm (AAA) for nonlinear global optimization|journal=Applied Soft Computing|language=en|volume=31|pages=153–171|doi=10.1016/j.asoc.2015.03.003|issn=1568-4946}}] |
| Adaptive Dimensional Search
|ADS
|
|
|2015
| |
| Alienated Ant Algorithm
|AAA
|
|
|2015
| |
| Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm
|AFSA
|Nature-inspired
|
|2015
| |
| Bottlenose Dolphin Optimization
|BDO
|Nature-inspired
|
|2015
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Srivastava |first1=Abhishek |last2=Das |first2=Dushmanta Kumar |date=2022-05-11 |title=A bottlenose dolphin optimizer: An application to solve dynamic emission economic dispatch problem in the microgrid |journal=Knowledge-Based Systems |language=en |volume=243 |pages=108455 |doi=10.1016/j.knosys.2022.108455 |s2cid=247077277 |issn=0950-7051}}] |
| Cricket Algorithm
|CA
|
|
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Canayaz|first1=Murat|last2=Karci|first2=Ali|date=2016-03-01|title=Cricket behaviour-based evolutionary computation technique in solving engineering optimization problems |journal=Applied Intelligence |language=en|volume=44|issue=2|pages=362–376|doi=10.1007/s10489-015-0706-6 |s2cid=16194679|issn=1573-7497}}] |
| Elephant Search Algorithm
|ESA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2015
|[{{Cite book|last1=Deb|first1=Suash|last2=Fong|first2=Simon|last3=Tian|first3=Zhonghuan |title=2015 Tenth International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM) |chapter=Elephant Search Algorithm for optimization problems |date=October 2015|pages=249–255 |doi=10.1109/ICDIM.2015.7381893|isbn=978-1-4673-9152-8|s2cid=2460217}}] |
| Grey Wolf Optimizer
|GWO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Mirjalili|first1=Seyedali|last2=Mirjalili|first2=Seyed Mohammad|last3=Lewis |first3=Andrew|date=2014-03-01|title=Grey Wolf Optimizer|journal=Advances in Engineering Software |language=en|volume=69 |pages=46–61|doi=10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007|issn=0965-9978|hdl=10072/66188 |s2cid=15532140 |hdl-access=free}}] |
| Jaguar Algorithm
|JA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2015
|[{{Cite book|last1=Chen|first1=Chin-Chi|last2=Tsai|first2=Yung-Che|last3=Liu|first3=I-I|last4=Lai|first4=Chia-Chun|last5=Yeh|first5=Yi-Ting|last6=Kuo|first6=Shu-Yu|last7=Chou|first7=Yao-Hsin|title=2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics |chapter=A Novel Metaheuristic: Jaguar Algorithm with Learning Behavior |date=October 2015|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7379414|pages=1595–1600|doi=10.1109/SMC.2015.282|isbn=978-1-4799-8697-2|s2cid=11932094}}] |
| Locust Swarm Algorithm
|LSA
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Cuevas|first1=Erik|last2=González|first2=Adrián|last3=Zaldívar|first3=Daniel |last4=Cisneros|first4=Marco Pérez|date=2015|title=An optimisation algorithm based on the behaviour of locust swarms |journal=International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation|language=en|volume=7|issue=6 |pages=402|doi=10.1504/ijbic.2015.073178|issn=1758-0366}}] |
| Moth-Flame Optimization
|MFO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last=Mirjalili|first=Seyedali|date=2015-11-01|title=Moth-flame optimization algorithm: A novel nature-inspired heuristic paradigm|journal=Knowledge-Based Systems|language=en|volume=89 |pages=228–249 |doi=10.1016/j.knosys.2015.07.006|issn=0950-7051}}] |
| Stochastic Fractal Search
|SFF
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last=Salimi|first=Hamid|date=2015-02-01|title=Stochastic Fractal Search: A powerful metaheuristic algorithm|journal=Knowledge-Based Systems|language=en|volume=75|pages=1–18 |doi=10.1016/j.knosys.2014.07.025 |issn=0950-7051}}] |
| Vortex Search Algorithm
|VSA
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Doğan|first1=Berat|last2=Ölmez|first2=Tamer|date=2015-02-01|title=A new metaheuristic for numerical function optimization: Vortex Search algorithm|journal=Information Sciences|language=en |volume=293 |pages=125–145|doi=10.1016/j.ins.2014.08.053|s2cid=8464197 |issn=0020-0255}}] |
| Water Wave Optimization
|WWA
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last=Zheng|first=Yu-Jun|date=2015-03-01|title=Water wave optimization: A new nature-inspired metaheuristic|journal=Computers & Operations Research|language=en|volume=55|pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.cor.2014.10.008 |issn=0305-0548|doi-access=free}}] |
| Ant Lion Optimizer
|ALO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last=Mirjalili|first=Seyedali|date=2015-05-01|title=The Ant Lion Optimizer |journal=Advances in Engineering Software|language=en|volume=83|pages=80–98|doi=10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010|issn=0965-9978}}] |
| African Buffalo Optimization
|ABO
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Odili|first1=Julius Beneoluchi|last2=Kahar|first2=Mohd Nizam Mohmad|last3=Anwar|first3=Shahid|date=2015-01-01|title=African Buffalo Optimization: A Swarm-Intelligence Technique|journal=Procedia Computer Science|series=2015 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors (IEEE IRIS2015)|language=en|volume=76|pages=443–448|doi=10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.291|issn=1877-0509|doi-access=free}}] |
| Lightning Search Algorithm
|LSA
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2015
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Shareef|first1=Hussain|last2=Ibrahim|first2=Ahmad Asrul|last3=Mutlag|first3=Ammar Hussein|date=2015-11-01|title=Lightning search algorithm|journal=Applied Soft Computing|language=en|volume=36|pages=315–333|doi=10.1016/j.asoc.2015.07.028|issn=1568-4946}}] |
| Across Neighborhood Search
|ANS
|Evolutionary-based
|-
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last=Wu|first=Guohua|date=2016-02-01|title=Across neighborhood search for numerical optimization|journal=Information Sciences|series=Special issue on Discovery Science|language=en|volume=329|pages=597–618 |doi=10.1016/j.ins.2015.09.051|issn=0020-0255|arxiv=1401.3376|s2cid=25844630}}] |
| Crow Search Algorithm
|CSA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last=Askarzadeh|first=Alireza|date=2016-06-01|title=A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: Crow search algorithm|journal=Computers & Structures |language=en |volume=169|pages=1–12|doi=10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.03.001|issn=0045-7949}}] |
| Electromagnetic Field Optimization
|EFO
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Abedinpourshotorban|first1=Hosein|last2=Mariyam Shamsuddin|first2=Siti|last3=Beheshti|first3=Zahra|last4=Jawawi|first4=Dayang N. A.|date=2016-02-01|title=Electromagnetic field optimization: A physics-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm|journal=Swarm and Evolutionary Computation|language=en|volume=26|pages=8–22|doi=10.1016/j.swevo.2015.07.002|issn=2210-6502}}] |
| Joint Operations Algorithm
|JOA
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Sun|first1=Gaoji|last2=Zhao|first2=Ruiqing|last3=Lan|first3=Yanfei|date=2016-01-01|title=Joint operations algorithm for large-scale global optimization|journal=Applied Soft Computing|language=en|volume=38 |pages=1025–1039|doi=10.1016/j.asoc.2015.10.047|issn=1568-4946}}] |
| Lion Optimization Algorithm
|LOA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Yazdani|first1=Maziar|last2=Jolai|first2=Fariborz|date=2016-01-01|title=Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA): A nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm|journal=Journal of Computational Design and Engineering |language=en|volume=3|issue=1|pages=24–36|doi=10.1016/j.jcde.2015.06.003|doi-access=free}}] |
| Sine Cosine Algorithm
|SCA
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last=Mirjalili|first=Seyedali|date=2016-03-15|title=SCA: A Sine Cosine Algorithm for solving optimization problems|journal=Knowledge-Based Systems|language=en|volume=96|pages=120–133 |doi=10.1016/j.knosys.2015.12.022|issn=0950-7051}}] |
| Virus Colony Search
|VCS
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Mu Dong|last2=Zhao|first2=Hui|last3=Weng|first3=Xing Wei|last4=Han|first4=Tong|date=2016-02-01|title=A novel nature-inspired algorithm for optimization: Virus colony search |journal=Advances in Engineering Software|language=en|volume=92|pages=65–88|doi=10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.11.004|issn=0965-9978}}] |
| Whale Optimization Algorithm
|WOA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Mirjalili|first1=Seyedali|last2=Lewis|first2=Andrew|date=2016-05-01|title=The Whale Optimization Algorithm|journal=Advances in Engineering Software|language=en|volume=95|pages=51–67 |doi=10.1016/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008|issn=0965-9978}}] |
| Red Deer Algorithm
|RDA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2016
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Fathollahi-Fard|first1=Amir Mohammad|last2=Hajiaghaei-Keshteli|first2=Mostafa |last3=Tavakkoli-Moghaddam|first3=Reza|date=2020-03-10|title=Red deer algorithm (RDA): a new nature-inspired meta-heuristic |journal=Soft Computing|volume=24|issue=19|pages=14637–14665|language=en |doi=10.1007/s00500-020-04812-z|s2cid=215906392 |issn=1433-7479}}] |
| Phototropic Optimization Algorithm
|POA
|Nature-inspired
|Plant-based
|2018
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Vinod|first1=Chandra S S|last2=Anand|first2=Hareendran S|date=2021|title=Phototropic algorithm for global optimisation problems |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10489-020-02105-4 |journal=Applied Intelligence |volume=51 |issue=8 |pages=5965–5977 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s10489-020-02105-4 |s2cid=234211731}}] |
| Coyote Optimization Algorithm
|COA
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2018
|[{{Cite book|last1=Pierezan|first1=Juliano|last2=Dos Santos Coelho|first2=Leandro|title=2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) |chapter=Coyote Optimization Algorithm: A New Metaheuristic for Global Optimization Problems |date=July 2018|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8477769|pages=1–8|doi=10.1109/CEC.2018.8477769|isbn=978-1-5090-6017-7|s2cid=52932771}}] |
| Owl Search Algorithm
|OSA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2018
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Jain|first1=Mohit|last2=Maurya|first2=Shubham|last3=Rani|first3=Asha|last4=Singh|first4=Vijander|date=2018-03-22|editor-last=Thampi|editor-first=Sabu M.|editor2-last=El-Alfy|editor2-first=El-Sayed M.|editor3-last=Mitra|editor3-first=Sushmita|editor4-last=Trajkovic|editor4-first=Ljiljana|title=Owl search algorithm: A novel nature-inspired heuristic paradigm for global optimization|url=https://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233/JIFS-169452|journal=Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems|volume=34|issue=3|pages=1573–1582|doi=10.3233/JIFS-169452}}] |
| Squirrel Search Algorithm
|SSA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2018
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Jain|first1=Mohit|last2=Singh|first2=Vijander|last3=Rani|first3=Asha|date=2019-02-01|title=A novel nature-inspired algorithm for optimization: Squirrel search algorithm|journal=Swarm and Evolutionary Computation|language=en|volume=44|pages=148–175|doi=10.1016/j.swevo.2018.02.013|s2cid=58952523 |issn=2210-6502}}] |
| Social Engineering Optimizer
|SEO
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2018
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Fathollahi-Fard |first1=Amir Mohammad |last2=Hajiaghaei-Keshteli |first2=Mostafa |last3=Tavakkoli-Moghaddam |first3=Reza |date=2018-06-01 |title=The Social Engineering Optimizer (SEO) |journal=Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence |language=en |volume=72 |pages=267–293 |doi=10.1016/j.engappai.2018.04.009 |issn=0952-1976}}] |
| Emperor Penguin Optimizer
|EPO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2018
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Dhiman |first1=Gaurav |last2=Kumar |first2=Vijay |date=2018-06-15 |title=Emperor penguin optimizer: a bio-inspired algorithm for engineering problems |journal=Knowledge-Based Systems |volume=159 |pages=20–50 |doi=10.1016/j.knosys.2018.06.001|s2cid=52965498 }}] |
| Socio Evolution and Learning Optimization
|SELO
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2018
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Meeta |last2=Kulkarni |first2=Anand J. |last3=Satapathy |first3=Suresh Chandra |date=2018-04-01 |title=Socio evolution & learning optimization algorithm: A socio-inspired optimization methodology |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17317259 |journal=Future Generation Computer Systems |language=en |volume=81 |pages=252–272 |doi=10.1016/j.future.2017.10.052 |issn=0167-739X}}] |
| Future Search Algorithm
|FSA
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2019
|[{{Cite journal|last=Elsisi|first=M.|date=2019-03-01|title=Future search algorithm for optimization |journal=Evolutionary Intelligence|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=21–31|doi=10.1007/s12065-018-0172-2 |s2cid=56702321 |issn=1864-5917}}] |
| Emperor Penguins Colony
|EPC
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2019
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Harifi|first1=Sasan|last2=Khalilian|first2=Madjid|last3=Mohammadzadeh |first3=Javad|last4=Ebrahimnejad|first4=Sadoullah|date=2019-06-01|title=Emperor Penguins Colony: a new metaheuristic algorithm for optimization|journal=Evolutionary Intelligence|language=en|volume=12|issue=2 |pages=211–226|doi=10.1007/s12065-019-00212-x|issn=1864-5917|doi-access=free}}] |
| Thermal Exchange Optimization
|TEO
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2019
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Kaveh|first1=A.|last2=Dadras|first2=A.|date=2017-08-01|title=A novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm: Thermal exchange optimization|journal=Advances in Engineering Software |language=en|volume=110 |pages=69–84|doi=10.1016/j.advengsoft.2017.03.014|issn=0965-9978}}] |
| Harris Hawks Optimization
|HHO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2019
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Heidari|first1=Ali Asghar|last2=Mirjalili|first2=Seyedali|last3=Faris|first3=Hossam|last4=Aljarah|first4=Ibrahim|last5=Mafarja|first5=Majdi|last6=Chen|first6=Huiling|date=2019-08-01|title=Harris hawks optimization: Algorithm and applications|journal=Future Generation Computer Systems|language=en|volume=97|pages=849–872|doi=10.1016/j.future.2019.02.028|issn=0167-739X|hdl=10072/384262|s2cid=86457167 |hdl-access=free}}] |
| Political Optimizer
|PO
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2020
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Askari|first1=Qamar|last2=Younas|first2=Irfan|last3=Saeed|first3=Mehreen |date=2020-05-11|title=Political Optimizer: A novel socio-inspired meta-heuristic for global optimization |journal=Knowledge-Based Systems|language=en|volume=195|pages=105709|doi=10.1016/j.knosys.2020.105709 |s2cid=215830598|issn=0950-7051}}] |
| Heap-Based Optimizer
|HBO
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2020
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Askari|first1=Qamar|last2=Saeed|first2=Mehreen|last3=Younas|first3=Irfan |date=2020-07-18|title=Heap-based optimizer inspired by corporate rank hierarchy for global optimization |journal=Expert Systems with Applications|language=en|volume=161|pages=113702 |doi=10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113702|s2cid=225042569|issn=0957-4174}}] |
| Color Harmony Algorithm
|CHA
|Art-inspired
| Color-based
|2020
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Zaeimi|first1=Mohammad|last2=Ghoddosian|first2=Ali|date=2020-08-01|title=Color harmony algorithm: an art-inspired metaheuristic for mathematical function optimization|journal=Soft Computing |language=en |volume=24|issue=16|pages=12027–12066|doi=10.1007/s00500-019-04646-4|s2cid=209543050|issn=1433-7479}}] |
| Stochastic Paint Optimizer
|SPO
|Art-inspired
|Color-based
|2020
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Kaveh|first1=Ali|last2=Talatahari|first2=Siamak|last3=Khodadadi|first3=Nima|date=2020|title=Stochastic Paint Optimizer: theory and application in civil engineering|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00366-020-01179-5|journal=Engineering with Computers|volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=1921–1952 |language=en|doi=10.1007/s00366-020-01179-5|s2cid=225121551 |issn=0177-0667}}] |
| Mayfly Optimization Algorithm
|MOA
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2020
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Zervoudakis|first1=Konstantinos|last2=Tsafarakis|first2=Stelios|date=2020|title=A mayfly optimization algorithm|journal=Computers & Industrial Engineering|volume=145|pages=106559|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.cie.2020.106559|s2cid=219783081 }}] |
| Giza Pyramids Construction
|GPC
|Ancient-inspired
|-
|2020
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Harifi|first1=Sasan|last2=Mohammadzadeh|first2=Javad|last3=Khalilian |first3=Madjid|last4=Ebrahimnejad|first4=Sadoullah|date=2020-07-13|title=Giza Pyramids Construction: an ancient-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for optimization|journal=Evolutionary Intelligence|volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=1743–1761 |language=en|doi=10.1007/s12065-020-00451-3|s2cid=220512280|issn=1864-5917}}] |
| Fire Hawk Optimizer
|FHO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2022
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Azizi |first1=Mahdi |last2=Talatahari |first2=Siamak |last3=Gandomi |first3=Amir H. |date=2023-01-01 |title=Fire Hawk Optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm |journal=Artificial Intelligence Review |language=en |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=287–363 |doi=10.1007/s10462-022-10173-w |s2cid=250057522 |issn=1573-7462|doi-access=free }}] |
| Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm
|FFO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2023
|[{{Cite journal|last1=Zervoudakis|first1=Konstantinos|last2=Tsafarakis|first2=Stelios|date=2023|title=A global optimizer inspired from the survival strategies of flying foxes|journal=Engineering with Computers|volume=39|issue=2 |pages=1583–1616|language=en|doi=10.1007/s00366-021-01554-w|s2cid=245636526 }}] |
| Waterwheel Plant Algorithm
|WWPA
|Nature-inspired
|Plant-based
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Abdelhamid |first1=Abdelaziz A. |last2=Towfek |first2=S. K. |last3=Khodadadi |first3=Nima |last4=Alhussan |first4=Amel Ali |last5=Khafaga |first5=Doaa Sami |last6=Eid |first6=Marwa M. |last7=Ibrahim |first7=Abdelhameed |date=May 2023 |title=Waterwheel Plant Algorithm: A Novel Metaheuristic Optimization Method |journal=Processes |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1502 |doi=10.3390/pr11051502 |doi-access=free |issn=2227-9717}}] |
| Energy Valley Optimizer
|EVO
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Azizi |first1=Mahdi |last2=Aickelin |first2=Uwe |last3=A. Khorshidi |first3=Hadi |last4=Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh |first4=Milad |date=2023-01-05 |title=Energy valley optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm for global and engineering optimization |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=226 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-27344-y |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=9816156 |pmid=36604589|bibcode=2023NatSR..13..226A }}] |
| Special Forces Algorithm
|SFA
|Nature-inspired
|Swarm-based
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Wei |last2=Pan |first2=Ke |last3=Li |first3=Shigang |last4=Wang |first4=Yagang |date=2023-11-01 |title=Special Forces Algorithm: A novel meta-heuristic method for global optimization |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378475423002690 |journal=Mathematics and Computers in Simulation |volume=213 |pages=394–417 |doi=10.1016/j.matcom.2023.06.015 |issn=0378-4754}}] |
| Squid Game Optimizer
|SGO
|Nature-inspired
|Human-based
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Azizi |first1=Mahdi |last2=Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh |first2=Milad |last3=Basiri |first3=Mahla |last4=Moehler |first4=Robert C. |date=2023-04-01 |title=Squid Game Optimizer (SGO): a novel metaheuristic algorithm |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=5373 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-32465-z |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=10066950 |pmid=37005455|bibcode=2023NatSR..13.5373A }}] |
| Snow Ablation Optimizer
|SAO
|Nature-inspired
|Physics/Chemistry-based
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Deng |first1=Lingyun |last2=Liu |first2=Sanyang |date=2023-09-01 |title=Snow ablation optimizer: A novel metaheuristic technique for numerical optimization and engineering design |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417423005717 |journal=Expert Systems with Applications |volume=225 |pages=120069 |doi=10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120069 |issn=0957-4174}}] |
| Spider Wasp Optimization
|SWO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Abdel-Basset |first1=Mohamed |last2=Mohamed |first2=Reda |last3=Jameel |first3=Mohammed |last4=Abouhawwash |first4=Mohamed |date=2023-10-01 |title=Spider wasp optimizer: a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-023-10446-y |journal=Artificial Intelligence Review |language=en |volume=56 |issue=10 |pages=11675–11738 |doi=10.1007/s10462-023-10446-y |issn=1573-7462}}] |
| Dujiangyan Irrigation System
|DISO
|Ancient-inspired
| -
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Niu |first1=JingTai |last2=Ren |first2=Changjiang |last3=Guan |first3=Ziyu |last4=Cao |first4=Zhiyuan |date=2023-08-01 |title=Dujiangyan irrigation system optimization (DISO): A novel metaheuristic algorithm for dam safety monitoring |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352012423005751 |journal=Structures |volume=54 |pages=399–419 |doi=10.1016/j.istruc.2023.04.102 |issn=2352-0124}}] |
| Great Wall Construction Algorithm
|GWCA
|Ancient-inspired
| -
|2023
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Guan |first1=Ziyu |last2=Ren |first2=Changjiang |last3=Niu |first3=Jingtai |last4=Wang |first4=Peixi |last5=Shang |first5=Yizi |date=2023-12-15 |title=Great Wall Construction Algorithm: A novel meta-heuristic algorithm for engineer problems |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417423014070 |journal=Expert Systems with Applications |volume=233 |pages=120905 |doi=10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120905 |issn=0957-4174}}] |
| Puma Optimizer
|PO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2024
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Abdollahzadeh |first1=Benyamin |last2=Khodadadi |first2=Nima |last3=Barshandeh |first3=Saeid |last4=Trojovský |first4=Pavel |last5=Gharehchopogh |first5=Farhad Soleimanian |last6=El-kenawy |first6=El-Sayed M. |last7=Abualigah |first7=Laith |last8=Mirjalili |first8=Seyedali |date=2024-07-01 |title=Puma optimizer (PO): a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm and its application in machine learning |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-023-04221-5 |journal=Cluster Computing |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=5235–5283 |doi=10.1007/s10586-023-04221-5 |issn=1573-7543}}] |
| Walrus Optimizer
|WO
|Nature-inspired
|Bio-inspired
|2024
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Muxuan |last2=Du |first2=Zunfeng |last3=Yuen |first3=Kum Fai |last4=Zhu |first4=Haitao |last5=Li |first5=Yancang |last6=Yuan |first6=Qiuyu |date=2024-04-01 |title=Walrus optimizer: A novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417423029159 |journal=Expert Systems with Applications |volume=239 |pages=122413 |doi=10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122413 |issn=0957-4174}}] |