Taga Castle#Tagajō Stele

In the Nara period, after the establishment of a centralized government under the Ritsuryō system, the imperial court sent a number of military expeditions to what is now the Tōhoku region of northern Japan to bring the local Emishi tribes under its control.{{cite book |title=Cambridge History of Japan vol. II (p.31f.) |author=Shively, Donald H. |author2=McCullough, William H. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999}} In what is now Miyagi Prefecture, a civil administration was established in the form of a provincial capital and regional administrative centers in the late 6th century; however, a massive Emishi uprising occurred in 709 AD during which time many of these structures were destroyed. Per the Shoku Nihongi, following a huge earthquake in the year 715 AD, a large number of people migrated to this area from the southern Kantō region, forming numerous fortified settlements in the hinterland.

An inscription on a monument found at the site of Taga Castle gives a foundation date of 724 AD and states that it was constructed by Azumabito Ono as the provisional provincial capital of Mutsu Province. Along with Akita Castle and Okachi Fort in Dewa Province, it was one of the main bases for the Yamato re-expansion into northern Honshu. Its commander was titled {{nihongo|Chinjufu-shōgun|鎮守府}} and was the northern equivalent to the commander of {{nihongo|Dazaifu|太宰府}} in Kyushu.{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=19–22 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1998}} The castle was significantly renovated by Fujiwara Asakari in 762 AD.

Taga Castle was rebuilt after being sacked and burned by the Emishi in 780 AD. From 802 AD, the frontier between Yamato and Emishi territories shifted further north due to the successful campaigns of Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, and with the construction of Isawa Castle, Taga Castle gradually lost importance. It was retained as a center for administrative functions, but most military activities were transferred to various northern strongholds. It was badly damaged by the Jōgan tsunami of 869.{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |page=26 |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1998}}{{cite journal |url=http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsnds/contents/jnds/23_2_3.pdf |title=The 869 Jōgan tsunami deposit and recurrence interval of large-scale tsunami on the Pacific coast of northeast Japan |author=Minoura, K. |display-authors=etal |journal=Journal of Natural Disaster Science |volume=23 |issue=2 |year=2001 |pages=83–88 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401030224/http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsnds/contents/jnds/23_2_3.pdf |archivedate=2011-04-01 }}

In 10th century, due to the collapse of ancient administrative system and rise of local samurai bands, the central government abandoned direct rule in favor of a feudal system of local warlords nominally under the control of various nobles in Kyoto. Taga Caste gradually fell into ruins, and rise of Hiraizumi under the Northern Fujiwara in the twelfth century saw its final demise.{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1998}} During the Nanboku-chō period, Kitabatake Chikafusa and his son Kitabatake Akiie briefly occupied the site for the Southern Court, but later moved to the more secure mountain fortress of Mount Ryōzen to the north. The site reverted to empty fields, and was not excavated until 1955, with more extensive investigations in 1976.{{cite web|url=http://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/204723|script-title=ja:城生柵跡 じょうのさくあと|work=Cultural Heritage Online|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|language=Japanese|accessdate=25 December 2016}}

Taga Castle is more of a fortified city than a military stronghold. It is located on a plateau 10 kilometer northeast of Sendai city near the Pacific coast. This area is a hill country which divides the Sendai Plain into half and which was close to Shiogama, a natural port which was also used during this era. The site was surrounded by a marsh and rivers, making it an appropriate place for defense.

The fortification was a square enclosure, approximately 3.4 kilometers in perimeter, consisting of a 5-meter high earthen rampart surmounted by a wooden palisade, and protected by a 3-4 meter wide dry moat. The east side of the castle facing the connecting hills was especially well-protected, and an east side gate was built inside of hollow of the wall guarded by corner turret. Within the fortified main gate in the south was a main road of over 20 meters in width leading to a second square enclosure, 100 meter square, also with earthen walls. The outer area contained administrative offices, barracks and the residences of officers, while the inner area contained the higher government administrative buildings, workshops and storehouses.

About a kilometer south of the Taga Castle ruins are the ruins of a large Buddhist temple complex, and outside the southern wall of the castle are the ruins of a planned settlement.

The site today is maintained as an archaeological park. Taga Castle was listed as one of the 100 Fine Castles of Japan by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006.

File:Taga Castle zenkei.JPG|Panorama

File:Tagajo-ato seiden.JPG|Site of the Front Palace

File:Tagajo-ato kouden.JPG|Site of the Rear Palace

File:Tagajo-ato higashi-wakiden.JPG|Site of the Eastern Palace

File:Tagajo-ato nishi-wakiden.JPG|Site of the Western Palace

File:Tagajo-ato nanmon.JPG|Site of the South Gate

File:Tagajo-ato nandou.JPG|from the center facing south

File:Tagajo Kashiwagi 01.JPG|ruins of a foundry

File:Tagajo-hi.JPG

The {{nihongo|Tsubo no Ishibumi|壺の碑}} or {{nihongo|Tagajōhi|多賀城碑}} is a stone stele with a Nara period inscription that gives distances to the capital at Nara, the province of the Emishi, and other regions.{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/bunkazai/siteibunkazai/miyagi-no-bunkazai/tagajyouhi.htm |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110512030331/http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/bunkazai/siteibunkazai/miyagi-no-bunkazai/tagajyouhi.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 May 2011 |title=Tagajō - Inscription (in Japanese) |publisher=Miyagi Prefecture |accessdate=16 March 2011 }}

{{nihongo|Matsuo Bashō|松尾 芭蕉}} creatively recounts his viewing of the monument in {{nihongo|Oku no Hosomichi|奥の細道}}, concluding 'there are seldom any certain vestiges of what has been, yet in this place there are wholly trustworthy memorials of events a millennium ago' and is moved to tears. In his account the monument functions as a poetic place or utamakura.{{cite book |title=Naming Properties: Nominal Reference in Travel Writings by Basho and Sora, Johnson and Boswell |pages=127–135 |author=Miner, Earl |author-link=Earl Miner |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1996}}

In 1998 it was designated an Important Cultural Property.{{cite web |url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/201/10264 |title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties |publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs |accessdate=16 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326120923/https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/201/10264 |archivedate=26 March 2012 }}

File:Tagajo Haiji 01.JPG

Excavations to the southeast of the fort have uncovered the ruins of a temple, now known as Tagajō Haiji. Such temples were built in concert with a provincial administrative center. Five buildings have been identified inside a large rectangular compound enclosed by an earthen wall.{{cite book |title=Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan |pages=23f |author=Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1998}}

{{Main|Tōhoku History Museum}}

The {{nihongo|Tōhoku History Museum|東北歴史博物館}}, on the grounds of the Taga Castle, has finds from the excavations as well as from other sites in Tōhoku.{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/bunkazai/tagajo/tagajyou98.html |title=Special Historic Site - Tagajo Ruins (in Japanese) |publisher=Miyagi Prefecture |accessdate=16 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120911161223/http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/bunkazai/tagajo/tagajyou98.html |archivedate=11 September 2012 }}

• Emishi
• List of Historic Sites of Japan (Miyagi)
• Dazaifu
• List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [http://tagakan.jp/index.php Tagajō Tourist Association]{{in lang|ja}}
• [http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en/10012/. Excavation report] The Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan.
• [http://www.thm.pref.miyagi.jp/culturalproperty/en/cultural/tagajoato.html Miyagi Prefectural Agency for Cultural Affairs]
• [http://jcastle.info/view/Taga_Castle JCastle info]

{{100 Fine Castles of Japan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Site of Tagajo}}

Category:Castles in Miyagi Prefecture

Category:Buddhist temples in Miyagi Prefecture

Category:Special Historic Sites

Category:Important Cultural Properties of Japan

Category:Tagajō, Miyagi

Category:Ruined castles in Japan

Category:History of Miyagi Prefecture

Category:Nara period

Category:Archaeological sites in Japan

Category:Archaeological parks

Category:Mutsu Province