Tahmasp II
{{Short description|Safavid Shah of Persia from 1729 to 1732}}{{Inline citations|date=December 2023}}{{Infobox monarch
| title =
| name = Tahmasp II
| full name =
| succession = Shah of Iran
| image = Nadir at the court of Shah Tahmasp II.jpg
| caption = Court scene with Tahmasp II in the centre, and Nader to his left. From a illustrated Indian copy of the Jahangosha-ye Naderi, dated 1757/58
| reign = 10 November 1722 – 16 April 1732
| coronation =
| predecessor = Soltan Hoseyn (Qazvin)
Ashraf Hotak (Isfahan)
| successor = Abbas III
| royal house = Safavi
| spouse = Shahpari Begum
| issue = Abbas III
Hossein
Esmat-nesa begum
| father = Soltan Hoseyn
| mother =
| birth_date = 1704
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1740|2|11|1704|df=y}}
| death_place = Sabzevar
| place of burial =
}}
Tahmasp II ({{langx|fa|شاه تهماسب دوم|translit=Ṭahmāsb}}; 1704? – 11 February 1740) was the penultimate Safavid shah of Iran, ruling from 1722 to 1732.
Name
Tahmasp ({{langx|fa|طهماسب|translit=Ṭahmāsb}}) is a New Persian name, ultimately derived from Old Iranian *{{Lang|ira-Latn|ta(x)ma-aspa}}, meaning "having valiant horses."{{sfn|Hinz|1975|p=232}} The name is one of the few instances of a name from the Shahnameh being used by an Islamic-era dynasty based in Iran.{{sfn|Ansari|2012|p=25 (see note 74)}} In the Shahnameh, Tahmasp is the father of Zaav, the penultimate shah of the Pishdadian dynasty.{{sfn|Justi|1895|p=319}}
Biography
Tahmasp was the son of Soltan Hoseyn, the Shah of Iran at the time. When Soltan Hoseyn was forced to abdicate by the Afghans in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne.{{cn|date=August 2023}} From the besieged Safavid capital, Isfahan, he fled to Qazvin, where he on 10 November 1722 declared himself shah and assumed the regnal name of Tahmasp II.{{sfn|Roemer|1986|p=326}} He gained the support of the Sunni Muslims of the Caucasus (even that of the previously rebellious Lezgins), as well as several Qizilbash tribes (including the Afshars, under the control of Iran's future ruler, Nader Shah).
=Russo-Persian War=
{{main|Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)}}
In June 1722, Peter the Great, the then tsar of the neighbouring Russian Empire, declared war on Safavid Iran in an attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, Ottoman Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of declining Safavid Iran.
The Russian victory ratified for Safavid Irans' cession of their territories in the Northern, Southern Caucasus and contemporary mainland Northern Iran, comprising the cities of Derbent (southern Dagestan) and Baku and their nearby surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Shirvan, Mazandaran, and Astrabad to Russia per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723).William Bayne Fisher, P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly, C. Melville. [https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&dq=treaty+of+saint+petersburg+1723&pg=PA322 The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7] Cambridge University Press, 10 okt. 1991 {{ISBN|0521200954}} p 319
File:Persia, scià thamasp II, decuplo afshari d'oro, 1722-1732.JPG
Tahmasp also eventually gained the recognition of both the Ottoman Empire and Russia, each worried about the other gaining too much influence in Iran.{{vague|date=July 2015}}
By 1729, Tahmasp had control of most of the country. Quickly after his foolhardy Ottoman campaign of 1731, he was deposed by the future Nader Shah in 1732 in favor of his son, Abbas III; both were murdered at Sabzevar in 1740 by Nader Shah's eldest son Reza-qoli Mirza.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book |chapter=Coinage and the monetary system|first=Alexander V. |last=Akopyan|title=The Safavid World|editor-first=Rudi |editor-last=Matthee |publisher=Routledge |pages = 285–309|year=2021}}
- {{cite book | last = Ansari | first = Ali Mir | title = The Politics of Nationalism in Modern Iran | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-0521687171 }}
- {{cite book | title = Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire | year = 2008 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Newman | first = Andrew J. | pages = 1–281 | isbn = 9780857716613 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KPgBAwAAQBAJ&q=Andrew+J.+Newman+Safavid+Iran}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Hinz|first1=Walther|date=1975|title=Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen|journal=Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica|volume=3|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz|language=de|location=Wiesbaden|url=https://archive.org/details/AltiranischesSprachgutDerNebenberlieferungen/page/n115/mode/2up}}
- {{cite book|last1=Justi|first1=Ferdinand|authorlink=Ferdinand Justi|date=1895|title=Iranisches Namenbuch|url=https://archive.org/details/IranischesNamenbuch|publisher=N. G. Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|language=de|location=Marburg}}
- {{cite book | title = Slaves of the Shah: New Elites of Safavid Iran | year = 2004 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Babaie | first = Sussan | pages = 1–218 | isbn = 9781860647215 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2BMVnw9JQh8C}}
- {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Timurid and Safavid periods | year = 1986 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | last = Roemer | first = H.R. | chapter = The Safavid period | pages = 189–351 | isbn = 9780521200943 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ0-2BIR8BQC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran+safavid}}
- Lawrence Lockhart, Nadir Shah (London, 1938)
- [http://www.hayq.org/book/rebellion/ The Armenian Rebellion of the 1720s and the Threat of Genocidal Reprisal], Armen Ayvazyan, Yerevan 1997
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box | before = Soltan Hoseyn (Qazvin)
Ashraf Hotak (Isfahan) | title = Shah of Iran | years =10 November 1722 – 1732 | after = Abbas III}}
{{s-end}}
{{Safavid Rulers}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tahmasp 02}}
Category:People of the Russo-Persian Wars
Category:18th-century monarchs of Persia
Category:People murdered in 1740
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