Talk:WorldNetDaily#DISPUTE - "Criticism" - Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories
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COLB vs. COB, and removal of some material.
In [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WorldNetDaily&diff=299992742&oldid=299991839 this edit] I've removed some fact-tagged taxt from the article, to wit: "... , even though Obama's campaign already posted it on its' website and a hard copy of the document is sealed by state law." This is {{tl|fact}} tagged. The document posted online was a "Certificatation of Live Birth" (COLB), not a "Certificate of Birth" (COB). There are differences between these types of documents which have been discussed elsewhere ad nauseum. Rather than open up yet another discussion here about COLBs vs. COBs, I've removed the bit I've quoted above. The removed text appears to me to be incidental to the point of the paragraph
Revised layout?
I propose reworking the sections as follows:
- Description
- History
- Origins (from History)
- Libel Lawsuit
- 9/11 (from Controversies)
- Standing Committee of Correspondents (from History)
- Obama citizenship
- Homocon
- Neil Patrick Harris
- WND Products
- References
The goal is to eliminate what is essentially a criticism section and fold it into their history. Also, the description is more pertinent information than trivial about its founder and origins and should take precedence. Thoughts?
"The website is known for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories, leading some journalists to label it a far-right fringe website"
{{cot|This was an obvious waste of time from the start, the only thing that’s ever going to happen is endless cycles or “debate me bro” “no we have WP:RS” Dronebogus (talk) 12:42, 31 August 2022 (UTC)}}
Promoting falsehoods? Such a statement does not belong here. Conspiracy theories? Obviously, the editor who inserted that doesn't believe in scepticism. This isn't an article about religion, where God distinguishes dogmas and falsehoods, and doesn't tolerate different viewpoints.
far-right fringe website is a derogatory political label that doesn't belong here, either — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:4C50:252:5600:D0F5:57D4:8705:E022 (talk) 09:28, 26 May 2017 (UTC)
: We go with reliable sources. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 09:53, 26 May 2017 (UTC)
::But therein lies the rub. WND, along with a growing amount of the general public, routinely questions the "reliability" of the mainstream news sources. As OP said, skepticism does not equate to promotion of falsehood. ⇔ ChristTrekker 19:16, 2 June 2017 (UTC)
:::It has been proven by admission of for instance by Mark Zuckerberg that strong efforts to suppress certain types of media from governmental agencies such as FBI is taking place: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/mark-zuckerberg-admits-facebook-censored-hunter-biden-laptop-story-during-2020-u-s-elections/article65815040.ece , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62688532, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/markzuckerberg/video-2758931/Video-Mark-Zuckerberg-admits-Facebook-censored-Hunter-Biden-story.html
:::WND tries to expose government corruption and "1984"-efforts and has therefore come in the lime-light of all those in power, billionaires among them and certain royal families and certain politicians, that tries to operate in the shadows, and has therefore been heavy attacked and miss-credited and and miss-labeled on purpose to decrease its influence. The force by which google has tried to censor wnd, recently show actually how deeply needed this website is to expose corruption: https://web.archive.org/web/20220831110021/https://www.google.com/interstitial?url=https://www.wnd.com, when you open the content of google transparency warning: https://transparencyreport.google.com/safe-browsing/search?url=https:%2F%2Fwww.wnd.com%2F&hl=sv it says no un-safe content found. Edotor (talk) 11:26, 31 August 2022 (UTC)
: It seems to me that in the age of clickbait and dying advertising models, articles about WND being a crackpot site are going to be more numerous than a balanced article that examines the controversies purported by WND and critically analyzes them in a balanced way. I think it's a bit of a drawback of Wikipedia to some degree. Many right wing public figures have these descriptors (e.g. "promotes falsehoods") because they expound views that contradict the mainstream narrative. This is my personal view, but it's an explanation to address your concern. --Mrtea (talk) 12:33, 26 May 2017 (UTC)
::It is amusing to watch the far-right -- traditionally opponents of the Postmodernist emphasis on the sociology of knowledge -- slowly drift towards an embrace of the traditionally far-left view that the mainstream media are not distinguished by their reliability but only by their narrative. In fact, the claim is true: WND is widely known for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories. That this is a true claim does not alone mean it belongs in the article. But let's not pretend this is anything other than common knowledge that is readily supported by minimal objective research. Cerberus (talk) 20:50, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
:::Just the opposite. The MSM is showing itself to be ever more unreliable—they are the very "fake news" they accuse others of peddling. It's not about a rightist narrative, it's about facts. ⇔ ChristTrekker 22:11, 23 June 2017 (UTC)
:::Please guys, this isn't a forum. Take this to a proper forum. Doug Weller talk 09:25, 24 June 2017 (UTC)
User https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dronebogus is trying to discredit edits that remove facts about wnd. If you read this Dronebogus please add your reasons here kindly Edotor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Edotor (talk • contribs) 12:24, 31 August 2022 (UTC)
:Hi, I reverted your additions too: Wikipedia reports what reliable sources say. We do not add our own interpretations. Mvbaron (talk) 12:34, 31 August 2022 (UTC)
::The references I added are google's own search result, which corroborates Farahs claim, bing and brave search does not have this anti wnd.com bias. So the removal/undo is illogical. Please argue for the need for removal of these references. Edotor (talk) 12:38, 31 August 2022 (UTC)
:::You added {{tq|This claim has been verified by Alphabets Inc. search result manipulation behaviour}} but have not provided any source for the claim that Alphabet has manipulated anything. Mvbaron (talk) 12:42, 31 August 2022 (UTC)
{{cob}}
Joe Farrah should sue Wikipedia for deformation and then we can have a judge decide if this article is nothing but opinionated libel and slander, which it is. Words like "far-right" and "fake news" are OPINION! Case closed -Jf (talk) 02:26, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
2 WAPO reports in 2010 about financial problems, authors not being paid, etc.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/inside-the-spectacular-fall-of-the-granddaddy-of-right-wing-conspiracy-sites/2019/04/02/6ac53122-3ba6-11e9-a06c-3ec8ed509d15_story.html Inside the spectacular fall of the granddaddy of right-wing conspiracy sites] and [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/daily-202/2019/04/03/daily-202-charles-koch-wants-a-more-open-border-immigration-is-one-reason-he-s-backed-away-from-the-gop/5ca38a9b1b326b0f7f38f2eb/]. Doug Weller talk 13:29, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
:Very sad situation, I understand your concerns Edotor (talk) 14:18, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
'''Malware Warning'''
Google Search results for wnd.com redirect to a Malware Warning page with: "Warning — visiting this web site may harm your computer!".
User:Newslinger falsely claims this addition is WP:OR, yet it is cited, (I did not archive it), but now I get " 403. That’s an error." ...the googlebot noticed .... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 04:41, 2 September 2022 (UTC)
:Look, you need a (reliable) source, such as a newspaper or similar, to write about this - not just your research. Mvbaron (talk) 06:38, 2 September 2022 (UTC)
:As WP:OR states, {{xt|"The phrase "original research" (OR) is used on Wikipedia to refer to material—such as facts, allegations, and ideas—for which no reliable, published sources exist."}} I reverted your edit (Special:Diff/1108022969) after verifying that the link you cited led to a 403 error page, which made your edit unverifiable. Please verify your source before accusing others of making false claims.{{pb}}Additionally, using a primary source in the manner that was done in Special:Diff/1108022969 to notate a temporary Google Safe Browsing warning constitutes undue weight. Google Safe Browsing flags and unflags many websites every day, and in the absence of reliable secondary source coverage, it is not noteworthy to mention in a Wikipedia article that a particular site is flagged. — Newslinger talk 06:38, 2 September 2022 (UTC)
What was redacted?
No one has said. Doug Weller talk 10:19, 2 September 2022 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 4 May 2023
{{Edit semi-protected|WorldNetDaily|answered=yes}}
The editors who hover over this article may not agree with the editorial stance of WND but it is not a fake news website. The article's false, libelous, biased description of it as a fake news website should be removed immediately in accordance with long-established Wikipedia policy. 2601:147:C400:1BE0:75EF:6A26:B6A8:1312 (talk) 23:55, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
:File:Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the {{Tlx|Edit semi-protected}} template. M.Bitton (talk) 00:00, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
Fake news website
The fake news website descriptor (previously removed in Special:Diff/1194854759) should be restored to the first sentence and the infobox. Reliable sources, including high-quality academic sources, agree that WorldNetDaily is a fake news website. Some of these sources include:
- {{Cite journal |last1=Grinberg |first1=Nir |last2=Joseph |first2=Kenneth |last3=Friedland |first3=Lisa |last4=Swire-Thompson |first4=Briony |last5=Lazer |first5=David |date=2019-01-25 |title=Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aau2706 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=363 |issue=6425 |pages=374–378 |doi=10.1126/science.aau2706 |pmid=30679368 |bibcode=2019Sci...363..374G |s2cid=59248491 |issn=0036-8075 |url-access=subscription }}
- {{Cite web |last=Owen |first=Laura Hazard |date=October 26, 2020 |title=Older people and Republicans are most likely to share Covid-19 stories from fake news sites on Twitter |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/10/older-people-and-republicans-are-most-likely-to-share-covid-19-stories-from-fake-news-sites-on-twitter/ |website=Nieman Lab}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Ognyanova |first1=Katherine |last2=Lazer |first2=David |last3=Robertson |first3=Ronald E. |last4=Wilson |first4=Christo |date=2020-06-02 |title=Misinformation in action: Fake news exposure is linked to lower trust in media, higher trust in government when your side is in power |url=https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Misinformation-in-action-Ognyanova-et-al-2020.pdf |p=18 |journal=Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review |language=en-US |doi=10.37016/mr-2020-024|s2cid=219904597 |doi-access=free }}
- {{Cite journal|last1=Guess|first1=Andrew|last2=Aslett|first2=Kevin|last3=Tucker|first3=Joshua|last4=Bonneau|first4=Richard|author-link4=Richard Bonneau|last5=Nagler|first5=Jonathan|date=2021-04-26|title=Cracking Open the News Feed: Exploring What U.S. Facebook Users See and Share with Large-Scale Platform Data|url=https://journalqd.org/article/view/2586|journal=Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media|publisher=University of Zurich|volume=1|pages=1–48|doi=10.51685/jqd.2021.006|issn=2673-8813|doi-access=free}}
- {{Cite journal|last1=Osmundsen|first1=Mathias|last2=Bor|first2=Alexander|last3=Vahlstrup|first3=Peter Bjerregaard|last4=Bechmann|first4=Anja|last5=Petersen|first5=Michael Bang|date=May 7, 2021|title=Partisan Polarization Is the Primary Psychological Motivation behind Political Fake News Sharing on Twitter|url=https://dataverse.harvard.edu/file.xhtml?fileId=4491271&version=1.0|journal=American Political Science Review|language=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=115|issue=3|pages=999–1015|doi=10.1017/S0003055421000290|s2cid=235527523|issn=0003-0554}}
Per WP:NPOV, neutrality on Wikipedia entails {{xt|"representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic"}}, and there is little to no disagreement among reliable sources that the fake news website descriptor is applicable to WorldNetDaily. Therefore, the descriptor should be restored. (Please note that WorldNetDaily is already listed in List of fake news websites.) — Newslinger talk 07:34, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
::But that implies that every news published there is fake, which is wrong, it makes it sound like its The Onion. Thats why i initially removed it. Plus it already says the site is known for promoting fake news, what more do you even want? Note that this was also the longstanding version till at least July 2022 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WorldNetDaily&oldid=1101321323 --FMSky (talk) 07:37, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
:::A website does not have to exclusively publish fake news to be a fake news website; even InfoWars – perhaps the most widely known fake news website – does not meet that bar. Per our article on the topic, fake news websites {{xt|"are websites on the Internet that deliberately publish fake news—hoaxes, propaganda, and disinformation purporting to be real news—often using social media to drive web traffic and amplify their effect"}}. WorldNetDaily{{'}}s publication of hoaxes and conspiracy theories is well-documented. That, paired with reliable sources agreeing that WND is a fake news website, is sufficient to justify the fake news website descriptor. — Newslinger talk 07:50, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
::::But it heavily implies it, even when Wikipedia's own definition says otherwise. I'm not convicted that this is an improvement over the current (and longest-standing) version, as most readers will inevitably get confused --FMSky (talk) 07:56, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
:::::Do you have any evidence that {{strong|most readers}} will be confused by calling a site that publishes fake news a "fake news website"? If not, I'm more inclined to use the terms used by published RSes. —Sangdeboeuf (talk) 12:08, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
::::::Great that you found this discussion on a site you've never visited before by going through my edit history. As for the question, its just common sense. Use a term thats less ambiguous and actually informative --FMSky (talk) 13:49, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
:::::::I disagree that it is {{!xt|"common sense"}} that readers will believe the term fake news website to mean that {{!xt|"every news published there is fake"}} without exception. I cannot find a single reliable source that supports that definition. Such a definition would imply that any website that publishes just one truthful article would not be a fake news website, even if every other article on the site were a hoax, which is not a particularly reasonable interpretation of the term. Most readers are intelligent enough to understand that fake news websites do not need to exclusively contain fake news, and any reader can click on the link to the article Fake news website to confirm the correct definition for themselves and to learn more about fake news websites in general. — Newslinger talk 20:25, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::I think just saying the website is known for fake news is more accurate and more easily understandble --FMSky (talk) 20:30, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
::::::::::Isn't that unnecessarily verbose? Using the "fake news website" descriptor simplifies the lead, and as @Newslinger pointed out, multiple sources have described it as such. Isi96 (talk) 08:06, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::::Also, plenty of Wiki articles use the "fake news website" descriptor, such as Palmer Report, The Gateway Pundit, Natural News, etc., and they also are they're sourced to citation bundles, which include some of the same sources used in this article itself. Isi96 (talk) 08:09, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
: Based on the discussion above, it seems like there is consensus to use the descriptor fake news website in the first sentence and the infobox, but I am not entirely sure because some of the comments were phrased as questions. {{u|Sangdeboeuf}} and {{u|Isi96}}, could you please clarify whether you support changing the first sentence and the infobox to explicitly describe WorldNetDaily as a {{xt|"fake news website"}}? — Newslinger talk 20:53, 26 April 2024 (UTC) {{small|Corrected spelling — Newslinger talk 21:16, 26 April 2024 (UTC)}}
::@Newslinger I support the change. Isi96 (talk) 20:54, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
The current wording is clear enough. -- Valjean (talk) (PING me) 21:17, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
:{{re|Valjean}} By {{tq|"current wording"}}, do you mean the {{xt|"American far-right opinion website"}} phrasing that you implemented in Special:Diff/1221104301 with the edit summary {{tq|Not "news"}} before it was changed again in Special:Diff/1221104301, or something else? — Newslinger talk 02:54, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
:: Hi Newslinger. That ping didn't work, but I noticed your comment here when I discovered the incredibly bizarre thread below. Really mind-boggling. Thanks for dealing with it. I left a warning on their talk page.
:: Your focus (on the wrong words) is a bit misplaced, but I'll respond to that wording. I believe I was describing the version at the time, which was {{xt|"American far-right{{r|far-right}} news website"}}. I later changed "news" to "opinion", as even their "news" is just "opinion", not truly news reporting. Of all the fringe websites, WND is one of the worst pushers of disinformation, along with Breitbart.
:: My real focus was the wording you propose in this thread, and my purpose was to counter your proposal for this thread, as I see the current wording as good enough: {{xt|"It is known for promoting fake news{{r|fake news}}..."}} We do not need a more prominent wording. Of course, it IS clearly a fake news website, and the wording in the infobox is also good enough. I am not disputing that it's a "fake news website", but the current wording makes the point and will reduce the amount of time wasted dealing with accusations of bias. I fear your wording will increase the amount of time wasted here for no real purpose. -- Valjean (talk) (PING me) 15:58, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
Incredibly biased introduction
The current article's introduction reads as follows:
(Start of quote)
WND (formerly WorldNetDaily) is an American far-right opinion website. It is known for promoting fake news and conspiracy theories, including the false claim that former President Barack Obama was born outside the United States.
(End of quote)
This is incredibly biased because it claims that WND is "far-right" and promotes "fake news", which is a matter of opinion. Also, it claims that the claim that Barack Obama was born outside the United States is "false", as if it's beyond reasonable doubt. I disagree. I strongly believe that the Hawaii birth certificate that records the birth of Barack Hussein Obama in Honolulu is a photoshopped forgery, and that the birth certificate claiming he was born in Mombasa, Kenya is very real.
Isn't the purpose of encyclopedia to be accurate and unbiased? Because there's no way that this introduction is either of these two. For these very reasons, I suggest that the terms "far-right", "fake news", and "false" be removed. Classicalfan626 (talk) 20:20, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
: Per WP:NPOV, neutrality on Wikipedia entails {{xt|"representing fairly, proportionately, and, as far as possible, without editorial bias, all the significant views that have been published by reliable sources on a topic"}}. It is neutral to describe WorldNetDaily as a far-right publisher of fake news, because these descriptors are amply and reliably sourced. I've reproduced the citations below for your convenience:
{{cot|Reliable sources describing WorldNetDaily as far-right}}
- {{cite web |date=February 2009 |url=https://www.cjr.org/essay/unamerican_1.php |title=Un-American |last=Massing |first=Michael |website=Columbia Journalism Review |quote=Far-right Web sites like World Net Daily and Newsmax
.com floated all kinds of specious stories about Obama that quickly careened around the blogosphere and onto talk radio.}} - {{cite news |date=2009-09-06 |first=Andrew |last=Sullivan |title=Obama's in the ER but he'll get his reforms |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/obamas-in-the-er-but-hell-get-his-reforms-09zp9xvksvp |newspaper=The Sunday Times |issn=0956-1382 |quote=One of the most popular far-right websites, WorldNetDaily |url-access=subscription}}
- {{cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/worldnetdaily |title=WorldNetDaily |date=n.d. |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |access-date=15 Jan 2023}}
- {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/theres-the-major-media-and-then-theres-the-other-white-house-press-corps/2016/02/21/f69c5f92-c460-11e5-8965-0607e0e265ce_story.html |title=There's the major media. And then there's the 'other' White House press corps. |last2=Bruno |first2=Debra |date=February 21, 2016 |quote=Les Kinsolving, a reporter for the far-right World Net Daily, was a familiar White House gadfly from the days of the Nixon administration on. |first1=Debra |last1=Bruno |newspaper=The Washington Post |url-access=limited}}
- {{cite web |url=http://observer.com/2016/04/our-politics-enables-donald-trump-to-lie-and-get-away-with-it/ |title=Our Politics Enables Donald Trump to Lie and Get Away With It |website=The New York Observer |date=April 15, 2016 |quote=This isolates conservative news seekers to Fox News, conservative talk radio, Breitbart, or even websites further out on the fringe such as World Net Daily.}}
- {{cite news |date=2017-03-15 |first=Sam |last=Kestenbaum |title=Trump's White House Welcomes 5 New Far-Right Figures |url=https://forward.com/news/366179/trumps-white-house-welcomes-5-new-far-right-figures/ |newspaper=The Forward |quote=A handful of new White House hires have ties to Breitbart and to a similar far-right website, World Net Daily.}}
- {{Cite web |last=Marcotte |first=Amanda |date=2019-04-05 |title=Shed a tear for WorldNetDaily — or maybe don't. But the downfall of a far-right site is instructive |url=https://www.salon.com/2019/04/05/shed-a-tear-for-worldnetdaily-or-maybe-dont-but-its-downfall-is-instructive/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Salon |language=en}}
- {{Cite web |last=Mackey |first=Robert |date=August 15, 2020 |title=White House Plants Pro-Trump Conspiracy Theorists Among Reporters in Briefing Room |url=https://theintercept.com/2020/08/15/white-house-plants-pro-trump-conspiracy-theorists-among-reporters-briefing-room/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=The Intercept |language=en |quote=... Powe is a former blogger for WorldNetDaily, the far-right website that helped create the racist 'birther' conspiracy theory to undermine President Barack Obama.}}
- {{cite web |date=2020-10-12 |first=Samuel |last=Perry |title=Evangelical leaders like Billy Graham and Jerry Falwell Sr. have long talked of conspiracies against God's chosen – those ideas are finding resonance today |url=https://theconversation.com/evangelical-leaders-like-billy-graham-and-jerry-falwell-sr-have-long-talked-of-conspiracies-against-gods-chosen-those-ideas-are-finding-resonance-today-132241 |website=The Conversation |quote=WND is a far-right website that entered the mainstream during President Obama's presidency. The website was a hub for the birther conspiracy.}}
{{cob}}
{{cot|Reliable sources describing WorldNetDaily as a fake news website}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Grinberg |first1=Nir |last2=Joseph |first2=Kenneth |last3=Friedland |first3=Lisa |last4=Swire-Thompson |first4=Briony |last5=Lazer |first5=David |date=2019-01-25 |title=Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. presidential election |journal=Science |language=en |volume=363 |issue=6425 |pages=374–378 |doi=10.1126/science.aau2706 |pmid=30679368 |bibcode=2019Sci...363..374G |s2cid=59248491 |issn=0036-8075 |doi-access=free}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Guess |first1=Andrew M. |last2=Nyhan |first2=Brendan |last3=Reifler |first3=Jason |date=2 March 2020 |title=Exposure to untrustworthy websites in the 2016 US election |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |language=en |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=472–480 |doi=10.1038/s41562-020-0833-x |pmid=32123342 |pmc=7239673 |hdl=10871/121820 |issn=2397-3374}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Ognyanova |first1=Katherine |last2=Lazer |first2=David |last3=Robertson |first3=Ronald E. |last4=Wilson |first4=Christo |date=2020-06-02 |title=Misinformation in action: Fake news exposure is linked to lower trust in media, higher trust in government when your side is in power |journal=Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review |language=en-US |doi=10.37016/mr-2020-024 |s2cid=219904597 |doi-access=free}}
- {{Cite web |last=Owen |first=Laura Hazard |date=October 26, 2020 |title=Older people and Republicans are most likely to share Covid-19 stories from fake news sites on Twitter |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/10/older-people-and-republicans-are-most-likely-to-share-covid-19-stories-from-fake-news-sites-on-twitter/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=Nieman Lab}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Guess |first1=Andrew |last2=Aslett |first2=Kevin |last3=Tucker |first3=Joshua |last4=Bonneau |first4=Richard |author-link4=Richard Bonneau |last5=Nagler |first5=Jonathan |date=2021-04-26 |title=Cracking Open the News Feed: Exploring What U.S. Facebook Users See and Share with Large-Scale Platform Data |journal=Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media |volume=1 |pages=1–48 |doi=10.51685/jqd.2021.006 |issn=2673-8813 |doi-access=free}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Osmundsen |first1=Mathias |last2=Bor |first2=Alexander |last3=Vahlstrup |first3=Peter Bjerregaard |last4=Bechmann |first4=Anja |last5=Petersen |first5=Michael Bang |date=May 7, 2021 |title=Partisan Polarization Is the Primary Psychological Motivation behind Political Fake News Sharing on Twitter |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=115 |issue=3 |pages=999–1015 |doi=10.1017/S0003055421000290 |s2cid=235527523 |issn=0003-0554|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/partisan-polarization-is-the-primary-psychological-motivation-behind-political-fake-news-sharing-on-twitter(54c023f3-0ad3-4a1a-a924-b4892bdb46f9).html }}
- {{Cite web |last=Kukura |first=Joe |date=2017-03-16 |title=The Inside Dope on Jean Quan's Pot Club |url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/suckafreecity/the-inside-dope-on-jean-quans-pot-club/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=SF Weekly |language=en-US |quote=As of press time, the homepage of their website lists links to right-wing fake news sites like WorldNetDaily...}} }}
{{cob}}
: WND{{'s}} "birther" claims have been thoroughly debunked as false; see the Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories article for details. — Newslinger talk 21:25, 1 May 2024 (UTC)