Tamolan languages
{{Short description|Ramu language family of Papua New Guinea}}
{{Infobox language family
|name = Tamolan
|altname = Guam River
|region = Guam River, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
|familycolor = Papuan
|fam1 = Ramu
|fam2 = Ramu proper
|fam3 = Tamolan–Ataitan
|glotto = tamo1242
|glottorefname= Tamolan
}}
The Tamolan languages are a small family of clearly related languages spoken in the region of the Guam River in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Languages
The Tamolan languages are:
{{tree list}}
- Tamolan
- Inapang (dialect continuum)
- Midsivindi
- Itutang (Isarikan)
- Yigavesakama
- Chini–Iski
- Akrukay (Chini)
- Iski (dialect continuum)
- Romkun
- Breri
{{tree list/end}}
Kominimung and Igana are said to also be Tamolan languages, but no data has been collected to establish that.
Tamolan is classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea.
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/keram-and-ramu-rivers/ramu-river/guam-and-moam-rivers/guam-river New Guinea World, Guam River]
:
| {{table}}
! colspan="2" | |
| colspan="2" |Nasal
| *m || *n || || *ŋ |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |Plosive
!plain | *p || *t || || *k |
| prenasalized
| *ᵐb || *ⁿd || || *ᵑg |
| colspan="2" |Affricate
| |*ⁿdz | | |
| colspan="2" |Fricative
| |*s | | |
| colspan="2" |Liquid
| *w || *ɾ || *j || *ɣ |
Vowels are *i *ʉ *u *a.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:
:
| {{table}}
! !!sg!!du!!pl |
| 1
| *uku || *aŋgʉ || *ani |
|---|
| 2
| *un || *uŋgʉ || *uni |
| 3
| *an, *ma || ? || ? |
Plus 1sg object *na.
Proto-Tamolan–Ataitan (Proto-Guam–Moam) is very similar, and nearly identical to Proto-Moam.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, [https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/keram-and-ramu-rivers/ramu-river/guam-and-moam-rivers/guam-river Proto–Guam River]
{{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages}}