Tango Liso
{{Short description|Type of Tango}}
Tango Liso (smooth tango) is a style of tango developed in Buenos Aires, Argentina between 1905 and 1910. It is primarily characterized by more Europeanized smooth, flowing movements and lack of the more exaggerated and aggressive steps of earlier tango styles.{{Cite journal |last=Collier |first=Simon |date=1992 |title=The Popular Roots of the Argentine Tango |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4289184 |journal=History Workshop |issue=34 |pages=92–100 |issn=0309-2984}}{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Robert Farris |url=https://archive.org/details/tangoarthistoryo0000thom |title=Tango : the art history of love |date=2006 |publisher=New York : Vintage Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-4000-9579-7}}
History
= Tango Liso Buenos Aires =
File:Tango Liso La Nación Excerpt.png
Tango liso emerged as tango spread from the arrabales (outskirt districts) of Buenos Aires to the dance halls frequented by Italian immigrants.{{Cite book |last=Araníbar |first=Eduardo |url=https://archive.org/details/brevehistoriadel0000aran |title=Breve historia del tango |date=1999 |publisher=Buenos Aires, República Argentina : M. Zago y L. Goldstein Editores |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-987-97439-1-1}} These dance halls were small, more centrally located, and catered to a poorer but more genteel Italian clientele. The combination of new untrained dancers who were unfamiliar with the African rhythms of earlier tango styles and the over-crowded dancehalls caused the rowdy and aggressive cortes y quebradas (cuts and breaks) of the earlier tango styles to be subdued in these settings, keeping only the most ‘basic’ tango steps and figures such as caminadas, ochos(figure-eight patterns), molinetes, etc.{{Cite book |last=Musmon |first=Margaret |url=https://archive.org/details/latincaribbeanda0000musm |title=Latin and Caribbean dance |date=2010 |publisher=New York : Chelsea House |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-60413-481-0}}{{Cite book |last=Nelson |first=Thomas L. |url=https://archive.org/details/tangorelateddanc0000nels/mode/2up |title=Tango and related dances : a reference for coupledancers ; a couple's guide to tango dancing |date=2009 |publisher=Bloomington, Ind. : Authorhouse |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-4490-0601-3}}
Tango liso introduced a general quality of "fatigue" and more monotonous and previsible figures for the enjoyment of all the bodies who could not afford the more demanding forms of earlier tango styles.{{Cite book |last=Savigliano |first=Marta |url=https://archive.org/details/tangopoliticale00savi |title=Tango and the political economy of passion |date=1995 |publisher=Boulder : Westview Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-8133-1637-6}}{{Cite book |last=Roldán |first=Atilio R. |url=https://archive.org/details/aprendabailartan0000rold |title=Aprenda a bailar tango |date=2003 |publisher=Buenos Aires : Grupo Imaginador de ediciones |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-950-768-423-4}} Traditional tangueros despised tango liso due to its reduced improvisational motifs, but some practitioners saw interesting features in this more democratic, local tango offspring. Later variations of tango liso were sometimes performed with "cutting" to retain some of the character of the earlier tango styles.{{Cite book |last=Gobello |first=José |author-link=José Gobello |url=https://archive.org/details/jose-gobello-breve-historia-critica-del-tango-1999/page/26/mode/2up |title=Breve historia crítica del tango (1999)}}
This Italization present in the creation of tango liso was also reflected in the music with the(shortlived) use of instruments like the mandolin and accordion in some of the primitive tango bands. Professional dancers working in Italian dance halls and dance academies further refined tango liso, contributing to its eventual evolution into Ballroom tango. Tango de salon was another offshoot of tango liso and reintroduced some of the intensification that tango liso removed.
= Tango Liso Paris =
By the beginning of the 20th Century the so-called tangomania was in full effect. Tango was applauded and celebrated in Paris, with more than one hundred Paris academies teaching it. The more familiar Europeanized style of tango liso made it popular in the more cultured and refined sectors of the Belle Époque.{{Cite book |last=Martin Comamala |url=https://archive.org/details/tangospanishengl0000mart/mode/2up |title=Tango (Spanish-English Edition) |date=2010-01-01 |publisher=Edifel Libros |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-987-22147-5-3}} The popularity of Tango Liso in Paris helped to elevate the status of tango and contributed to its eventual reintroduction and acceptance by the Argentinian elite.{{Cite journal |last=Azzi |first=María Susana |date=1996 |title=Multicultural Tango: The Impact and the Contribution of the Italian Immigration to the Tango in Argentina |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24619332 |journal=International Journal of Musicology |volume=5 |pages=437–453 |issn=0941-9535}}
Characteristics
- Smooth, simplified choreography{{Cite book |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-tango/3BC7F58C563B0BEA422B3BEB71DE1065 |title=The Cambridge Companion to Tango |date=2024 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-83847-4 |editor-last=Wendland |editor-first=Kristin |series=Cambridge Companions to Music |location=Cambridge |editor-last2=Link |editor-first2=Kacey}}
- Emphasis on walking steps (caminada), and occasionally incorporating ochos (figure-eight patterns){{Cite book |last=Bayer |first=William |url=https://archive.org/details/lavilledescoutea0000baye |title=La ville des couteaux |date=2008 |publisher=Paris : Éd. Payot & Rivages |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-2-7436-1852-0}}
- Absence of the aggressive and suggestive steps found in earlier styles of tango
- Good posture keeping a vertical torso
- Elimination of taconeo (Andalusian heel-stamping)
- Feet had to remain flush to the ground{{Cite journal |last=Cecconi |first=Sofía |date=2009 |title=Territorios del tango en Buenos Aires: aportes para una historia de sus formas de inscripción |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41676776 |journal=Iberoamericana (2001-) |volume=9 |issue=33 |pages=49–68 |issn=1577-3388}}
- Knees are only slightly softened
- Partners remain offset to their right
- Cycle between close-embrace and open-embrace
- A few tiny steps forward then circling with much of the couple-rotation being of the rotary-tango type, waiting for space to open up through the crowd
- Boleos, ganchos, sacadas, sentadas, and other fancy moves and acrobatics are not done
Cultural impact
The simplification and Europeanization that created tango liso allowed for broader acceptance and tango's rise in popularity in Europe and eventually back in Argentina. Tango liso also paved the way for the codification of tango in dance instruction books which helped to establish the basic steps and techniques of ballroom tango. This Italian influence that created tango liso also gave rise to lunfardo, an expressive Italian-based language used by the writers of tango lyrics. Like tango, lunfardo later became an integral part of the identity and culture of Buenos Aires.