Tapani incident
{{expand Chinese|topic=mil|date=January 2024}}
{{Short description|1915 uprising in Japanese Taiwan}}
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = Tapani Incident
| partof =
| image = Xilaian Incident.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Taiwanese captured after the Tapani Incident being taken from the Tainan jail to court
| date = 1915
| place = Taiwan
| coordinates =
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| result = Japanese victory
| status =
| combatant1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Da Ming Cibeiguo.svg}} {{ill|Da Ming Cibeiguo|zh|大明慈悲國}}
Han Taiwanese
Taiwanese aborigines
| combatant2 = {{flag|Empire of Japan}}
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Da Ming Cibeiguo.svg}} Yu Qingfang
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} Unknown
| commander3 =
| units1 =
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| strength1 = 1,413{{cite book|title=Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlnKRaZ0f4QC&q=tapani+incident&pg=PA134|year=2009|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-4189-2|pages=134–}}{{cite book|author=Shih-Shan Henry Tsai|title=Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West: Historical Encounters with the East and the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30XfBQAAQBAJ&q=tapani+incident&pg=PT169|date=18 December 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-46516-4}}
| strength2 = Unknown
| strength3 =
| casualties2 = Unknown
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| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Taiwanese rebellions against Japan}}
}}
{{Chinese|
|pic=
|picsize=
|piccap=
|c=噍吧哖事件
|p=Jiaòbānián Shìjìan
|w=Chiao4-pa1-nien2 Shih4-chien4
|poj=Ta-pa-nî sū-kiāⁿ
|altname=Alternative name
|t2=西來庵事件
|s2=西来庵事件
|kyujitai=西來庵事件
|kanji=西来庵事件
|hiragana=せいらいあんじけん
|romaji=Seirai-an jiken
|l2=Xilai Temple Incident
|p2=Xīlaí'ān Shìjìan
|w2=Hsi1-lai2-an1 Shih4-chien4
|altname3=Alternative name
|c3=玉井事件
|l3=Yujing Incident
|p3=Yùjǐng Shìjìan
|w3=Yü4-ching3 Shih4-chien4
}}
The Tapani incident{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/10986929|title=Taiwan under Japanese Rule. Showpiece of a Model Colony? Historiographical Tendencies in Narrating Colonialism|journal=History Compass|year=2014|volume=12|issue=8|pages=632–641|last1=Heé|first1=Nadin|doi=10.1111/hic3.12180}} or Tapani uprising{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoutofjoin0000cohe|url-access=registration|title=History Out of Joint: Essays on the Use and Abuse of History|last=Cohen|first=Sande|date=2006|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9780801882142|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyoutofjoin0000cohe/page/58 58]|language=en}} in 1915 was one of the biggest armed uprisings{{cite book|author=International Business Publications, USA|title=Taiwan Country Study Guide: Strategic Information and Developments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XghBi4moFK4C&q=tapani+incident&pg=PA73|date=3 March 2012|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=978-1-4387-7570-8|pages=73–}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by Taiwanese Han and Aboriginals, including Taivoan, against Japanese rule in Taiwan. Alternative names used to refer to the incident include the Xilai Temple Incident after the Xilai Temple in Tainan, where the revolt began, and the Yu Qingfang Incident after the leader Yu Qingfang.{{cite book|author=Shih-shan Henry Tsai|title=Lee Teng-Hui and Taiwan's Quest for Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ge_FAAAAQBAJ&q=tapani+incident&pg=PA12|date=2 September 2005|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4039-7717-5|pages=12–}} Multiple Japanese police stations were stormed by Aboriginal and Han Chinese fighters under Chiang Ting (Jiang Ding) and Yü Ch'ing-fang (Yu Qingfang).{{Cite web|url=http://iao.sinica.edu.tw/significant-research-results-pdf/090-094-em19.pdf|title=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924110630/http://iao.sinica.edu.tw/significant-research-results-pdf/090-094-em19.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-24 }}
Recruitment
The largest group of participants came from the local ho and kō heads (gentry) from the mountainous areas of Tainan and Ahou prefectures, followed by numerous camphor industry workers of Nantou Prefecture. There were also a group of scholars and ex-officials from Tainan city. Only one recruit from the northern and central areas of Taiwan participated in fighting.{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Paul R.|title=When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan|date=2005|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|pages=79–85|isbn=9780824829155}}
The revolt recruited supporters from mainland China as well, although the overall worldviews of the revolt participants seem to be largely unaware of or unaffected by recent Chinese political events such as the Xinhai Revolution, but sought to create an imperial state with either Yü or Luo as emperor.{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Paul R.|title=When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan|date=2005|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|pages=76, 78, 88, 102, 110|isbn=9780824829155}} The participants of the revolt believed that a force of "celestial troops," or troops from mainland China, would come to their aid, although they disagreed on whether these were to be from Chinese leader Yuan Shikai or from the already-defunct Qing dynasty, and also did not agree on whether the purpose was for China to take over Taiwan or to acquire state independence.{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Paul R.|title=When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan|date=2005|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|pages=65,89, 107|isbn=9780824829155}} During the height of the rebellion, Yu published an edict, reminiscent of ancient imperial Chinese legitimation ideology, based on the ideas of Zhonghua leadership over other nations, the Mandate of Heaven, and dynastic revolution. In the edict he declared the formation of a Da Ming Cibei Kingdom (Kingdom of Compassion and Great Luminosity). This rhetoric closely resembled those of triad or Heaven and Earth Society rebellions.{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Paul R.|title=When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan|date=2005|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|pages=107–109|isbn=9780824829155}}
Legacy
Modern Taiwanese historiography attempts to portray the Tapani Incident as a nationalist uprising either from a Chinese (unification) or Taiwanese (independence) perspective. Japanese colonial historiography attempted to portray the incident as a large scale instance of banditry led by criminal elements. However, the Tapani Incident differs from other uprisings in Taiwan's history because of its elements of millenarianism and folk religion, which enabled Yu Qingfang to raise a significant armed force whose members believed themselves to be invulnerable to modern weaponry.{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Paul R.|title=When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Tapani Incident in Colonial Taiwan|date=2005|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|location=Honolulu|pages=110|isbn=9780824829155}}
The similarities between the rhetoric of the leaders of the Tapani uprising and the Righteous Harmony Society of the recent Boxer Rebellion in China were not lost on Japanese colonial authorities, and the colonial government subsequently paid more attention to popular religion and took steps to improve colonial administration in southern Taiwan.
The aboriginals carried on with violent armed struggle against the Japanese while Han Chinese violent opposition stopped after Tapani.{{cite book|author=Steven Crook|title=Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3YOoAwAAQBAJ&q=tapani+incident&pg=PA16|date=5 June 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-497-6|pages=16–}}
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- {{cite journal |last1=Katz |first1=Paul R. |title=Governmentality and Its Consequences in Colonial Taiwan: A Case Study of the Ta-pa-ni Incident of 1915 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |date=2 March 2007 |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=387–424 |doi=10.1017/s0021911805000823|s2cid=161518102 }}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070924110630/http://iao.sinica.edu.tw/significant-research-results-pdf/090-094-em19.pdf Governmentality and Its Consequences in Colonial Taiwan: A Case Study of the Ta-pa-ni Incident] [http://daais.sinica.edu.tw/download/publication_list/en/67.pdf ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409130536/http://daais.sinica.edu.tw/download/publication_list/en/67.pdf |date=2015-04-09 }} [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231886362_Governmentality_and_Its_Consequences_in_Colonial_Taiwan_A_Case_Study_of_the_Ta-pa-ni_Incident_of_1915 (PDF) Governmentality and Its Consequences in Colonial Taiwan: A Case Study of the Ta-pa-ni Incident of 1915] [http://www.daoiststudies.org/bibliography/governmentality-and-its-consequences-colonial-taiwan-case-study-ta-pa-ni-incident-1915 James Miller] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25075755 Governmentality and Its Consequences in Colonial Taiwan: A Case Study of the Ta-pa-ni Incident of 1915]
- [http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/p-3969-9780824829155.aspx When Valleys Turned Blood Red: The Ta-pa-ni Incident in Colonial Taiwan]
- [http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2017/07/02/2003673711 Taiwan in Time: Magic amulets, tax breaks and a messiah]
{{commons category|Ta-pa-ni Incident}}
{{Empire of Japan}}
Category:Taiwan under Japanese rule
Category:1915 in international relations
Category:Military history of Taiwan