Tapinarof

Tapinarof is indicated for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults.

In case of short term use the most common adverse effects are folliculitis, contact dermatitis, headache, pruritus (itching), and upper respiratory tract infection.{{cite journal | vauthors = Nogueira S, Rodrigues MA, Vender R, Torres T | title = Tapinarof for the treatment of psoriasis | journal = Dermatologic Therapy | volume = 35 | issue = 12 | pages = e15931 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 36226669 | pmc = 10078538 | doi = 10.1111/dth.15931 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Lebwohl MG, Stein Gold L, Strober B, Papp KA, Armstrong AW, Bagel J, Kircik L, Ehst B, Hong HC, Soung J, Fromowitz J, Guenthner S, Piscitelli SC, Rubenstein DS, Brown PM, Tallman AM, Bissonnette R | title = Phase 3 Trials of Tapinarof Cream for Plaque Psoriasis | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 385 | issue = 24 | pages = 2219–2229 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34879448 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa2103629 | s2cid = 245032475 | doi-access = free }}

Tapinarof binds directly to topical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), suppressing inflammatory cytokines, modulating skin barrier protein expression, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating gene expression in immune cells.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bissonnette R, Stein Gold L, Rubenstein DS, Tallman AM, Armstrong A | title = Tapinarof in the treatment of psoriasis: A review of the unique mechanism of action of a novel therapeutic aryl hydrocarbon receptor-modulating agent | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 84 | issue = 4 | pages = 1059–1067 | date = April 2021 | pmid = 33157177 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.085 | s2cid = 226275222 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Furue M, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Tsuji G | title = Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 20 | issue = 21 | pages = 5424 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 31683543 | pmc = 6862295 | doi = 10.3390/ijms20215424 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Bissonnette R, Vasist LS, Bullman JN, Collingwood T, Chen G, Maeda-Chubachi T | title = Systemic Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy of Topical AhR Agonist Tapinarof: Results of a Phase 1 Study | journal = Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 524–531 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29389078 | doi = 10.1002/cpdd.439 | s2cid = 23107777 }}

Tapinarof 1% cream once daily was superior to vehicle control in reducing the severity of plaque psoriasis over a period of 12 weeks and having a favorable safety profile in the treatment of psoriatic patients.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lebwohl MG, Stein Gold L, Strober B, Papp KA, Armstrong AW, Bagel J, Kircik L, Ehst B, Hong HC, Soung J, Fromowitz J, Guenthner S, Piscitelli SC, Rubenstein DS, Brown PM, Tallman AM, Bissonnette R | title = Phase 3 Trials of Tapinarof Cream for Plaque Psoriasis | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 385 | issue = 24 | pages = 2219–2229 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34879448 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa2103629 | doi-access = free }}

Tapinarof, also known as benvitimod and sold under the brand name Vtama, is a medication used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The medication is applied to the skin. Besides its use in medicine, tapinarof is a naturally occurring compound found in bacterial symbionts of nematodes which has antibiotic properties.

The medication acts as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist. Tapinarof was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2022. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Tapinarof is the international nonproprietary name.{{cite journal | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | year = 2017 | title = International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 78 | journal = WHO Drug Information | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | page = | hdl = 10665/330961 | hdl-access = free | author-link = World Health Organization }}

File:Entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ) Poinar, 1975.jpgs emerging from a wax moth cadaver.]]

Tapinarof, also known as benvitimod, is a bacterial stilbenoid produced in Photorhabdus bacterial symbionts of Heterorhabditis nematodes. It is a product of an alternative ketosynthase-directed stilbenoid biosynthesis pathway. It is derived from the condensation of two β-ketoacyl thioesters.{{cite journal | vauthors = Joyce SA, Brachmann AO, Glazer I, Lango L, Schwär G, Clarke DJ, Bode HB | title = Bacterial biosynthesis of a multipotent stilbene | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 47 | issue = 10 | pages = 1942–1945 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18236486 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200705148 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.603.247 }} It is produced by the Photorhabdus luminescens bacterial symbiont species of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis megidis. Experiments with infected larvae of Galleria mellonella, the wax moth, support the hypothesis that the compound has antibiotic properties that help minimize competition from other microorganisms and prevents the putrefaction of the nematode-infected insect cadaver.{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu K, Webster JM | title = Antibiotic production in relation to bacterial growth and nematode development in Photorhabdus--Heterorhabditis infected Galleria mellonella larvae | journal = FEMS Microbiology Letters | volume = 189 | issue = 2 | pages = 219–223 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10930742 | doi = 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09234.x | doi-access = free }}

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Category:Psoriasis

Category:Stilbenoids