Tarantass
{{Short description|Horse-drawn vehicle of Russia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
The tarantass is a four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle on a long longitudinal frame, reducing road jolting on long-distance travel. It was widely used in Russia in the first half of the 19th century. It generally carried four passengers. The origin of the word is not known: Max Vasmer's {{ill|Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language|lt=Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language|ru|Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера|WD=}}Макс Фасмер. The etymological dictionary of Russian. Translation from German and additions of member-correspondent АН the USSR O.N.Trubacheva. In four volumes. М.: Progress, 1986 lists a number of variants from regional dialects to the ancient Indo-European roots with the mark "doubtful".
Description
Vladimir Sollogub and Alexandre Dumas gave ironic descriptions of a tarantass that may be summarized as follows. The tarantass has been described as two long poles serving as parallel axles supporting a large basket forming a cup or bowl. It is not suspended on springs, and generally has no benches. The vehicle is accessed by an external ladder. The interior is generally covered by straw, changed at intervals for cleanliness, upon which the passengers rest.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080203191010/http://az.lib.ru/s/sollogub_w_a/text_0040.shtml Соллогуб Владимир Александрович, Тарантас] Дюма А. Путевые впечатления в России. М.: Ладомир, 1993.{{r|smith}}
The types of a tarantass manufactured in early Soviet Union varied.[http://www.mintorgmuseum.ru/vocabulary/484/ Музей торговли — Товарный словарь — Тарантас]
In popular culture
In 1840, author Vladimir Sollogub published a satirical novelette "Tarantass". The main hero of the story drove a team of three horses.
In 1893, medical doctor and Christian missionary Charles Wenyon travelled from Vladivostok to the Urals, to the marker on the boundary of Europe and Asia by a combination of tarantass and river steamer. He claimed to be one of the last Englishmen to take this route "in the old fashioned way", by steamboat (up the Ussuri and Amur), tarantas (across the expanses of Siberia), and rail (at the last stretch along the newly-constructed railroad branch from Europe, across the Ural River into Siberia). His journey is described in Four Thousand Miles Across Siberia: On the Great Post-Road.Anthony Cross, [https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/30345/646654.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y In the Lands of the Romanovs] p. 47, 304 He described tarantas as "a sort of means of transport which combines the disadvantages of all the others".
See also
- Other horse-drawn vehicles of Russia:
- Droshky — a four-wheeled open carriage where passengers straddle the seat
- Telega — a wagon
- Troika — sleigh driven by three horses abreast
- Kibitka — enclosed sleigh driven like a troika
- Horses in Russia