Tariq Ramadan

File:Tariq Ramadan speaking in Oxford 2009.JPG.|260x260px]]

Tariq Ramadan was born in Geneva, Switzerland on 26 August 1962 to an Egyptian Muslim family. He is the son of Said Ramadan and Wafa al-Banna, who was the eldest daughter of Hassan al Banna, who in 1928 founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Gamal al-Banna, the liberal Muslim reformer, was his great-uncle. His father was a prominent figure in the Muslim Brotherhood and was exiled by Gamal Abdel Nasser{{cite encyclopedia | url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0914 | last=Kéchichian | first=Joseph A. | date=2009 | article=Ramadan, Tariq Said |editor-last=Esposito | editor-first=John L. | encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 | doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 | access-date=30 March 2010 | archive-date=1 December 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081015/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0914 | url-status=dead}} from Egypt to Switzerland, where Ramadan was born.

Tariq Ramadan holds an M.A. in French literature and a PhD in Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Geneva. He also wrote a PhD dissertation on Friedrich Nietzsche, titled Nietzsche as a Historian of Philosophy.{{cite book | first=Tariq | last=Ramadan | title=What I believe | publisher=Oxford University Press | page=12}}

In 1994, he addressed a French-speaking public audience, in Switzerland, with the help of Hassan Iquioussen and Malika Dif.{{cite web | url=http://www.lepoint.fr/medias/la-tribune-de-geneve-accuse-tariq-ramadan-d-avoir-couche-avec-des-mineures-04-11-2017-2169840_260.php | title="La Tribune de Genève" accuse Tariq Ramadan d'avoir couché avec des mineures | language=fr | first=Ian | last=Hamel | date=4 November 2017 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-date=7 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004052/http://www.lepoint.fr/medias/la-tribune-de-geneve-accuse-tariq-ramadan-d-avoir-couche-avec-des-mineures-04-11-2017-2169840_260.php | url-status=live}}

He taught at the Collège de Saussure, a high school in Lancy, Switzerland,{{cite news | last=Johnson | first=Alan | url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/alanjohnson/100245799/george-orwell-betrayed-islamist-tariq-ramadan-gives-a-lecture-in-his-name/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115174021/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/alanjohnson/100245799/george-orwell-betrayed-islamist-tariq-ramadan-gives-a-lecture-in-his-name/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 November 2013 | title=George Orwell betrayed: Islamist Tariq Ramadan gives a lecture in his name | newspaper=The Telegraph | date=14 November 2013 | access-date=18 March 2016}} and claims to have held a lectureship in Religion and Philosophy at the University of Fribourg from 1996 to 2003, something the university publicly denied in 2018.{{cite magazine | url=http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/tariq-ramadan-aurait-usurpe-ses-titres-universitaires-05-03-2018-2199771_23.php#xtor=CS2-238 | title=Tariq Ramadan aurait usurpé ses titres universitaires | access-date=11 March 2018 | author=Ian Hamel | magazine=Le Point | archive-date=11 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311202345/http://www.lepoint.fr/societe/tariq-ramadan-aurait-usurpe-ses-titres-universitaires-05-03-2018-2199771_23.php#xtor=CS2-238 | url-status=live}}{{cite web | url=https://mondafrique.com/ramadan-mondafrique-luniversite-de-fribourg-donne-raison-a-mondafrique/ | title=Ramadan-Mondafrique, l'université de Fribourg donne raison à Mondafrique | date=March 2018 | access-date=11 March 2018 | publisher=Mondafrique | archive-date=11 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311201813/https://mondafrique.com/ramadan-mondafrique-luniversite-de-fribourg-donne-raison-a-mondafrique/ | url-status=live}}{{cite web | url=http://www.lesoir.be/143721/article/2018-03-05/tariq-ramadan-un-faux-professeur-il-aurait-usurpe-ses-titres-universitaires | title=Tariq Ramadan, un faux professeur? Il aurait usurpé ses titres universitaires | work=Le Soir | date=5 March 2018 | access-date=11 March 2018 | publisher=Le Soir Belgium | archive-date=5 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805144705/http://www.lesoir.be/143721/article/2018-03-05/tariq-ramadan-un-faux-professeur-il-aurait-usurpe-ses-titres-universitaires | url-status=live}} He was appointed a professor at the University of Notre Dame in the United States in 2004 before his visa had been revoked by the Bush administration because of the Patriot Act. In October 2005 he began teaching at St Antony's College, Oxford, on a visiting fellowship. In 2005 he was a senior research fellow at the Lokahi Foundation.{{Cite web | url=https://tariqramadan.com/ | title=Tariq Ramadan – Site Officiel » | website=tariqramadan.com | access-date=9 July 2022 | archive-date=1 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701025825/https://tariqramadan.com/ | url-status=live}}{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/oxfordshire/4190804.stm | title=Islamic scholar gets Oxford job | publisher=BBC | date=27 August 2005 | access-date=27 August 2005 | archive-date=15 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115022244/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/oxfordshire/4190804.stm | url-status=live}}

In 2007 he successfully applied for the professorship in Islamic studies at the University of Leiden. This led to severe criticism from both academics as well as politicians who deemed Ramadan a 'radical Islamist'{{cite web | url=https://www.trouw.nl/home/tariq-ramadan-komt-niet-naar-universiteit-leiden~a97e40c0/ | title=Tariq Ramadan komt niet naar Universiteit Leiden | language=nl | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022002/https://www.trouw.nl/home/tariq-ramadan-komt-niet-naar-universiteit-leiden~a97e40c0/ | archive-date=25 October 2017 | work=Trouw | date=29 November 2007}} and a 'wolf in sheep's clothing'.{{cite news | url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/islamcoryfee-op-leidse-leerstoel~a859122/ | title=Islamcoryfee op Leidse leerstoel | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024205729/https://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/islamcoryfee-op-leidse-leerstoel~a859122/ | archive-date=24 October 2017 | work=De Volkskrant | date=6 November 2007}}{{cite web | url=http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/wetenschap/artikel.asp?artnr=177942 | title=Omstreden moslimtheoloog op Leidse leerstoel | language=nl | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330045343/http://www.elsevier.nl/nieuws/wetenschap/artikel.asp?artnr=177942 | archive-date=30 March 2008 | website=Elsevier.nl | date=6 November 2007}} Ramadan later turned down the appointment, stating that the criticism on his appointment played no role in this decision.{{cite web | url=http://islamineurope.blogspot.com/2007/11/leiden-tariq-ramadan-turns-down.html | title=Leiden: Tariq Ramadan turns down appointment | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719090358/http://islamineurope.blogspot.com/2007/11/leiden-tariq-ramadan-turns-down.html | archive-date=19 July 2017 | work=Islam in Europe Blog | date=28 November 2007 | access-date=6 February 2016}} He was also a guest professor of Identity and Citizenship at Erasmus University Rotterdam,

• {{cite web | url=http://www.tariqramadan.com/ | website=Tariqramadan.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304100848/http://www.tariqramadan.com/ | archive-date=4 March 2011 | title=Tariq Ramadan's website}}
• {{cite news | url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1031/p01s04-woeu.html | title=How Muslims can be European too | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402120015/https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/1031/p01s04-woeu.html | archive-date=2 April 2019 | work=The Christian Science Monitor}}
• {{cite magazine | url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200604100018 | title=A case for reform | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822201406/http://www.newstatesman.com/200604100018 | archive-date=22 August 2007 | magazine=New Statesman}}
• {{cite magazine | url=http://www.redpepper.org.uk/society/x-sep05-ramadan.htm | title=Living together: an interview with Tariq Ramadan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104003234/http://www.redpepper.org.uk/society/x-sep05-ramadan.htm | archive-date=4 November 2005 | magazine=Red Pepper}}
• {{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/magazine/04ramadan.t.html?pagewanted=1&th&emc=th | last=Buruma | first=Ian | date=4 February 2007 | title=Tariq Ramadan has an identity issue | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209165735/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/magazine/04ramadan.t.html?pagewanted=1&th&emc=th | archive-date=9 February 2016 | work=The New York Times}}
• {{cite magazine | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010124045900/http://www.time.com/time/innovators/spirituality/profile_ramadan.html | title=Trying to Bridge A Great Divide: Ramadan named as a "Next Wave innovator" | magazine=Time Magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/innovators/spirituality/profile_ramadan.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2001-01-24}}
• {{cite magazine | author=Andrew Hussey | url=http://www.newstatesman.com/People/200406210020 | title=Profile – Tariq Ramadan | magazine=New Statesman}}
• {{cite magazine | url=http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=7571 | title=Interview: Tariq Ramadan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513115154/http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=7571 | archive-date=13 May 2007 | magazine=Prospect magazine | type=Interview | author=Ehsan Masood}}
• {{cite news | url=http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2003-09/05/article03.shtml | last=Yahmid | first=Hadi | date=5 September 2003 | title=Secularism no problem for European Muslims: Scholar | location=Paris | publication-place=Doha, Qatar | publisher=Al-Balagh Cultural Society | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040423110403/http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2003-09/05/article03.shtml | archive-date=23 April 2004 | work=IslamOnline}}
• {{cite news | url=http://news.haaretz.co.il/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=168205 | title=My fellow Muslims, we must fight anti-Semitism | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040813071914/http://news.haaretz.co.il/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=168205 | archive-date=13 August 2004 | work=Haaretz}}
• {{cite news | url=http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/search/detail/Scholar_says_Muslims_mistrust_the_West.html?siteSect=881&sid=7054224&cKey=1158047967000 | title=Scholar says Muslims mistrust the West | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930204916/http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/search/detail/Scholar_says_Muslims_mistrust_the_West.html?siteSect=881&sid=7054224&cKey=1158047967000 | archive-date=30 September 2007 | type=Interview | work=SWI swissinfo}}
• {{cite news | url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2004/09/04/why_exclude_a_muslim_voice/ | title=Why exclude a Muslim voice? | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205053322/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2004/09/04/why_exclude_a_muslim_voice/ | archive-date=5 February 2006 | work=Boston Globe}}
• {{cite magazine | url=http://www.islamicamagazine.com/content/view/96/62/ | title=Why Tariq Ramadan? | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106142221/http://www.islamicamagazine.com/content/view/96/62/ | archive-date=6 January 2009 | magazine=Islamica Magazine}}
• {{cite magazine | url=http://www.signandsight.com/features/586.html | last=Beglinger | first=Martin | date=8 February 2006 | title=Under suspicion | language=en | magazine=Signandsight.com | publication-place=Berlin | publisher=Perlentaucher media | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327064854/http://www.signandsight.com/features/586.html | archive-date=27 March 2017}} Originally published in Das Magazin on 7 January 2006.
• {{cite magazine | url=http://www.trans-int.com/quarterly/1-islamic-reformism-and-jihad-on-the-discourse-of.html | date=2005 | title=Islamic "Reformism" and Jihad: On the Discourse of Tariq Ramadan | magazine=Transatlantic Intelligencer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714031605/http://www.trans-int.com/quarterly/1-islamic-reformism-and-jihad-on-the-discourse-of.html | archive-date=14 July 2006 | author=Paul Landau}} adapted from chapter 8 of Le Sabre et le Coran, translated from the French by Transatlantic Intelligencer.
• {{cite magazine | url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/800naxnt.asp?pg=1 | last=Guitta | first=Olivier | date=16 October 2006 | title=The State Department was right to deny Tariq Ramadan a visa | magazine=Weekly Standard | volume=12 | issue=5 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311091358/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/800naxnt.asp?pg=1 | archive-date=11 March 2007}}
• {{cite magazine | last=Dreyfuss | first=Robert | date=January 2006 | title=Cold war, holy warrior | url=https://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2006/01/holy_warrior-4.html | magazine=Mother Jones | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203104840/http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2006/01/holy_warrior-4.html | archive-date=3 February 2009}}
• {{cite news | url=http://video.msn.com/v/us/msnbc.htm?g=6d0a8626-4c47-4dea-bc17-6cd0e9425aaf&f=00&fg=copy | title=Bridging the Widening Gap between Islam & Christianity | work=MSNBC }}
• {{cite AV media | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/insearchofgod.shtml | people=John Humphrys (host); Tariq Ramadan (guest) | date=7 November 2006 | title=Humphrys in Search of God | publisher=BBC | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628014900/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/misc/insearchofgod.shtml | archive-date=28 June 2008}}
• {{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/06/books/review/Ramadan-t.html?ref=review&pagewanted=all | title=Reading the Koran | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204182458/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/06/books/review/Ramadan-t.html?ref=review&pagewanted=all | archive-date=4 February 2018 | first=Tariq | last=Ramadan | date=6 January 2008 | work=New York Times}}

until August 2009 when both the City of Rotterdam and Erasmus University dismissed him from his positions as "integration adviser" and professor, stating that the program he hosted on Iran's Press TV, Islam & Life, was "irreconcilable" with his duties in Rotterdam.{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8662988 | last=Sterling | first=Toby | title=Dutch university fires Islamic scholar Ramadan | location=Amsterdam | agency=Associated Press | publication-place=London | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312015603/http://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8662988 | archive-date=12 March 2014 | work=The Guardian | date=18 August 2009}}{{cite news | url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss_news/Tariq_Ramadan_sacked_over_Iran_TV_connections.html?siteSect=204&sid=11096119&cKey=1250682256000&ty=nd | title=Tariq Ramadan sacked over Iran TV connections | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321030239/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/tariq-ramadan-sacked-over-iran-tv-connections/7558548 | archive-date=21 March 2020 | work=SWI swissinfo | date=19 August 2009}} Ramadan described this move as 'Islamophobic' and 'politically charged'.{{cite web | url=http://www.tariqramadan.com/spip.php?article10749 | title=An Open Letter to my Detractors in The Netherlands | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820013508/http://www.tariqramadan.com/spip.php?article10749 | archive-date=20 August 2013 | first=Tariq | last=Ramadan}} In 2012 the Court of Rotterdam District ruled in a civil law case that the Erasmus University acted "carelessly" by dismissing Ramadan at short notice. The dismissal by the municipality of Rotterdam, however, was not careless according to the Court.{{cite news | url=http://www.nu.nl/binnenland/2954870/plots-ontslag-tariq-ramadan-was-onterecht.html | title=Plots 'ontslag' Tariq Ramadan was onterecht | language=nl | work=Nu.nl | date=9 November 2012 | access-date=27 June 2020 | archive-date=29 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129060415/https://www.nu.nl/binnenland/2954870/plots-ontslag-tariq-ramadan-was-onterecht.html | url-status=live}}

Beginning September 2009, Ramadan was appointed to the chair in Contemporary Islamic Studies at Oxford University.{{cite press release | url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2009/090730.html | title=Islamic Studies Chair is appointed | date=July 30, 2009 | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203013519/http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2009/090730.html | archive-date=3 December 2013}}

Ramadan established the Mouvement des Musulmans Suisses (Movement of Swiss Muslims), which engages in various interfaith seminars. He is an advisor to the EU on religious issues and was sought for advice by the EU on a commission on "Islam and Secularism". In September 2005 he was invited to join a task force by the government of the United Kingdom. He is also the founder and President of the European Muslim Network, a Brussels-based think-tank that gathers European Muslim intellectuals and activists.{{cite web | url=http://www.euro-muslims.eu/menu-horizontal/about-us/board-of-trustees/ | title=Euro-Muslim Network > About us > Board of Trustees | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719022047/http://www.euro-muslims.eu/menu-horizontal/about-us/board-of-trustees | archive-date=19 July 2010}}

As of 2009, Tariq Ramadan was persona non grata in Tunisia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia,{{cite book | last=Caldwell | first=Christopher | title=Reflections on the revolution in Europe | publication-place=New York | publisher=Doubleday Books | date=2009 | isbn=978-0-385-51826-0 | page=292}} Libya, and Syria, which he has said is because of his criticism of their "undemocratic regimes". He is also considered persona non grata in Israel.{{cite web | url=http://www.nrc.nl/international/opinion/article2331989.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825034101/http://www.nrc.nl/international/opinion/article2331989.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=2009-08-25 | last=Ramadan | first=Tariq | date=19 August 2009 | title=Tariq Ramadan answers his Dutch detractors | language=en | work=NRC Handelsblad | issn=0002-5259 | publication-place=Amsterdam | publisher=NRC Media}}

Tariq Ramadan married in 1986 and is the father of four children. His wife was born in Bretagne, France. She converted from Catholicism to Islam and adopted the name Iman. The couple live separately.{{cite news | first=Raphaëlle | last=Bacqué | url=https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2018/02/02/tariq-ramadan-defere-au-parquet-de-paris-en-vue-d-une-mise-en-examen_5250650_1653578.html|title=Tariq Ramadan mis en examen pour viol | language=fr | work=Le Monde | date=4 February 2018}}

In February 2004, Tariq Ramadan accepted the tenured position of Henry R. Luce Professor of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, at the University of Notre Dame. He was granted a nonimmigrant visa on 5 May; however, on 28 July, his H-1B visa was revoked by the State Department.{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A64700-2004Dec14.html | title=Lacking Visa, Islamic Scholar Resigns Post at Notre Dame | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320221949/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A64700-2004Dec14.html | archive-date=20 March 2017 | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=15 December 2004}} In August 2004, spokesman for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement cited the "ideological exclusion provision" of the U.S. Patriot Act as the grounds for Ramadan's visa revocation.{{cite web | url=https://www.aclu.org/safefree/general/23588res20060124.html | title=Tariq Ramadan | publisher=American Civil Liberties Union | date=24 January 2006 | access-date=4 December 2016 | archive-date=24 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224232722/http://www.aclu.org/national-security/tariq-ramadan | url-status=live}} In October, the University of Notre Dame filed an H-1B petition on Ramadan's behalf. After hearing no response from the government by December, Ramadan resigned his position from the university.

In September 2005, Ramadan filed an application for a B Visa to allow him to participate at speaking arrangements with various organizations and universities. The government did not issue a decision on Ramadan's visa application, so the American Civil Liberties Union and the New York Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit on 25 January 2006 against the United States government on behalf of the American Academy of Religion, the American Association of University Professors and the PEN American Center – three groups who had planned on meeting with Ramadan in the US – for revoking Ramadan's visa under the "ideological exclusion provision". The ACLU and NYCLU argued that the ideological exclusion provision was in violation of the First Amendment and Fifth Amendment rights of those three groups and that the government's actions violated the Administrative Procedures Act.{{cite court | url=https://www.aclu.org/pdfs/complaint012506.pdf | litigants=Am. Acad. of Religion v. Chertoff | pinpoint=Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief | date=25 January 2006 | access-date=18 July 2009 | archive-date=29 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629192554/http://www.aclu.org/pdfs/complaint012506.pdf | url-status=live}} After two months had passed without a decision being made, the plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. Pursuant to the injunction, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ordered the government on 23 June 2006 to issue its decision on Ramadan's pending B Visa application within 90 days.{{cite court | litigants=Am. Acad. of Religion v. Chertoff | vol=463 | reporter=F. Supp. 2d | opinion=400 | pinpoint=p. 58 | court=S.D.N.Y. | year=2006}}

On 19 September 2006, the government formally denied Ramadan's visa application. A State Department statement said: "A U.S. consular officer has denied Dr. Tariq Ramadan's visa application. The consular officer concluded that Dr. Ramadan was inadmissible based solely on his actions, which constituted providing material support to a terrorist organization."{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/24/nyregion/24scholar.html?ex=1308801600&en=7a140720abffaf89&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss | title=Judge Orders U.S. to Decide if Muslim Scholar Can Enter | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114040922/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/24/nyregion/24scholar.html?ex=1308801600&en=7a140720abffaf89&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss | archive-date=14 November 2017 | work=The New York Times | date=24 June 2006}}{{cite news | url=http://www.nysun.com/article/40328 | title=Oxford Professor Denied Visa Due to Alleged Hamas Links | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127144749/http://www.nysun.com/article/40328 | archive-date=27 November 2006 | work=New York Sun | date=26 September 2006}} Between December 1998 and July 2002, Ramadan had given donations totalling $940 to two charity organizations, the Committee for Charity and Support for the Palestinians (CBSP) or Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens and the Association de Secours Palestinien.{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/29/AR2006092901334.html | title=Why I'm Banned in the USA | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101193321/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/29/AR2006092901334.html | archive-date=1 January 2017 | first=Tariq | last=Ramadan | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=1 October 2006 | page=B01}} The United States Treasury designated both the CBSP and ASP terrorist fundraising organizations for their alleged links to Hamas on 22 August 2003.{{cite encyclopedia | author=United States Treasury. Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence | article=Commite de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens; Association de Secours Palestinien | encyclopedia=Additional Background Information on Charities Designated Under Executive Order 13224 | article-url=http://www.ustreas.gov/offices/enforcement/key-issues/protecting/charities_execorder_13224-b.shtml#cbsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420063531/http://www.ustreas.gov/offices/enforcement/key-issues/protecting/charities_execorder_13224-b.shtml#cbsp | archive-date=20 April 2010 | access-date=13 March 2007}} The U.S. Embassy told Ramadan that he "reasonably should have known" that the charities provided money to Hamas. In an article in The Washington Post, Ramadan asked: "How should I reasonably have known of their activities before the U.S. government itself knew?"{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A1344-2004Sep6.html | date=7 September 2004 | title=A visa revoked | page=A22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208005005/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A1344-2004Sep6.html | archive-date=8 December 2016 | newspaper=The Washington Post | type=Editorial}}{{cite news | url=http://www.islam-online.net/English/News/2006-04/14/article04.shtml | date=14 April 2006 | title=US Inconsistent in Denying Tariq Ramadan Visa: Judge | location=New York | work=IslamOnline | publication-place=Doha, Qatar | publisher=Al-Balagh Cultural Society | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060418003631/http://www.islam-online.net/English/News/2006-04/14/article04.shtml | archive-date=18 April 2006}}

On 2 February 2007, the ACLU and NYCLU amended their complaint, arguing that the government's explanation for denying Ramadan's visa application was not "facially legitimate and bona fide" and that the ideological exclusion provision of the PATRIOT Act was in violation of the First and Fifth Amendments. They also argued that Ramadan's denial violated the First Amendment rights of those who wanted to hear him speak. In his decision on 20 December 2007, District Judge Paul A. Crotty ruled that the government's justification for denying Ramadan's visa was "facially legitimate and bona fide" and noted that the Court "has no authority to override the Government's consular decision".{{cite court | litigants=Am. Acad. of Religion v. Chertoff | pinpoint=Opinion and order | url=https://www.aclu.org/images/exclusion/asset_upload_file33_33325.pdf | date=20 December 2007 | access-date=18 July 2009 | archive-date=29 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629192629/http://www.aclu.org/images/exclusion/asset_upload_file33_33325.pdf | url-status=live}}

In January 2008, the ACLU appealed Crotty's ruling. Jameel Jaffer, Director of the ACLU National Security Project and lead attorney in the case, stated:

"The government's shifting positions only underscore why meaningful judicial review – the kind of oversight that the district court failed to provide – is so important. In Professor Ramadan's case and many others, the government is using immigration laws to stigmatize and exclude its critics and to censor and control the ideas that Americans can hear. Censorship of this kind is completely inconsistent with the most basic principles of an open society."

Ramadan himself remarked:

"The U.S. government's actions in my case seem, at least to me, to have been arbitrary and myopic. But I am encouraged by the unwavering support I have received from ordinary Americans, civic groups and particularly from scholars, academic organizations, and the ACLU. I am heartened by the emerging debate in the U.S. about what has been happening to our countries and ideals in the past six years. And I am hopeful that eventually I will be allowed to enter the country so that I may contribute to the debate and be enriched by dialogue."{{cite web | title=ACLU Asks Federal Appeals Court to Lift Ban on Renowned Scholar | url=http://www.aclu.org/safefree/exclusion/33770prs20080123.html | publisher=American Civil Liberties Union | date=23 January 2008 | access-date=18 July 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306042141/http://www.aclu.org/safefree/exclusion/33770prs20080123.html | url-status=live | archive-date=6 March 2008}}

On 17 July 2009, the US federal appeals court reversed the ruling of the lower district court. The three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit – composed of Judges Jon O. Newman, Wilfred Feinberg and Reena Raggi – ruled that the Court had "jurisdiction to consider the claim, despite the doctrine of consular nonreviewability". They stated that government was required by law to "confront Ramadan with the allegation against him and afford him the subsequent opportunity to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that he did not know, and reasonably should not have known, that the recipient of his contributions was a terrorist organization." Under the limited review permitted by the 1972 Supreme Court ruling in Kleindienst v. Mandel, the panel concluded that the "record does not establish that the consular officer who denied the visa confronted Ramadan with the allegation that he had knowingly rendered material support to a terrorist organization, thereby precluding an adequate opportunity for Ramadan to attempt to satisfy the provision that exempts a visa applicant from exclusion under the 'material support' subsection if he 'can demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that [he] did not know, and should not reasonably have known, that the organization was a terrorist organization.'" Additionally, the panel agreed with the plaintiffs' contention that their First Amendment rights had been violated. The panel remanded the case to a lower court to determine if the consular officer had confronted Ramadan with the "allegation that he knew that ASP provided funds to Hamas and then providing him with a reasonable opportunity to demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, that he did not know, and should not have reasonably known, of that fact."{{cite court | litigants=Am. Acad. of Religion v. Napolitano | court=2d Cir. | year=2009 | url=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/c79d2c34-c40b-4149-aec1-461257eacfc1/1/doc/08-0826-cv_opn.pdf}}

Following the ruling, Ramadan stated, "I am very gratified with the court's decision. I am eager to engage once again with Americans in the kinds of face-to-face discussions that are central to academic exchange and crucial to bridging cultural divides." Melissa Goodman, staff attorney with the ACLU National Security Project, issued a statement saying, "Given today's decision, we hope that the Obama administration will immediately end Professor Ramadan's exclusion. We also encourage the new administration to reconsider the exclusion of other foreign scholars, writers and artists who were barred from the country by the Bush administration on ideological grounds."{{cite web | title=Federal Appeals Court Rules in Favor of U.S. Organizations That Challenged Exclusion of Prominent Muslim Scholar | url=https://www.aclu.org/safefree/exclusion/40359prs20090717.html | publisher=American Civil Liberties Union | date=17 July 2009 | access-date=18 July 2009 | archive-date=24 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224233518/http://www.aclu.org/national-security/federal-appeals-court-rules-favor-us-organizations-challenged-exclusion-prominent- | url-status=live}}

On 8 April 2010, Ramadan spoke as part of a panel discussion at the Great Hall of Cooper Union in New York City, his first public appearance since the State Department lifted the ban.{{cite web | last=Tracy | first=Marc | title=Live, From New York, It's Tariq Ramadan | url=http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/30306/live-from-new-york-it%E2%80%99s-tariq-ramadan/ | date=9 April 2010 | access-date=11 April 2010 | archive-date=1 March 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301134532/http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/30306/live-from-new-york-it%E2%80%99s-tariq-ramadan/ | url-status=live}} The group debated the lengths to which Western nations should go to accommodate their Muslim populations.

{{Islamism sidebar}}

File:TarikRamadanMalaysia.JPG

Ramadan works primarily on Islamic theology and the position of Muslims in the West and within Muslim majority countries. Generally speaking, he prioritizes Qur'anic interpretation over simply reading the text, in order to understand its meaning and to practice the tenets of Islamic philosophy.{{cite web | url=http://www.tariqramadan.com/Reading-the-Koran.html | title=Reading the Koran | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609003736/http://www.tariqramadan.com/Reading-the-Koran.html | archive-date=9 June 2011 | first=Tariq | last=Ramadan | date=7 January 2008 | access-date=30 January 2011}} Referring to himself, Ramadan has at times used the construction "Salafi Reformist" to illustrate his stance.{{cite journal | last1=Macdonald | first1=Matthew | title=Tariq Ramadan and Sayyid Qutb in Conversation | date=September 2014 | volume=15 | issue=5 | pages=385–406 | doi=10.1179/1462317X14Z.00000000083 | journal=Political Theology | s2cid=142680865}}{{cite book | last1=Meijar | first1=Wilna | title=Tradition and Future of Islamic Education | date=2009 | publisher=Waxmann Verlag | page=157 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fj3YtdD5PA8C&pg=PA157 | access-date=11 May 2015 | isbn=978-3-8309-7131-3}}{{cite book | last1=Berman | first1=Paul | title=The Flight of the Intellectuals | date=2010 | publisher=Melville House | url=https://archive.org/details/flightofintellec00paul | url-access=registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/flightofintellec00paul/page/124 124] | quote=tariq ramadan salafi reformist. | access-date=11 May 2015 | isbn=978-1-933633-51-0}}

He rejects a binary division of the world into dar al-Islam (the abode of Islam) and dar al-harb (the abode of war), on the grounds that such a division is not mentioned in the Qur'an. He has been also known to favourably cite dar al-da‘wah (the abode of preaching).{{cite magazine | last=Laurence | first=Jonathan | date=1 May 2007 | url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/62630/jonathan-laurence/the-prophet-of-moderation-tariq-ramadan-s-quest-to-reclaim-islam | title=The Prophet of Moderation: Tariq Ramadan's Quest to Reclaim Islam | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407064235/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/62630/jonathan-laurence/the-prophet-of-moderation-tariq-ramadan-s-quest-to-reclaim-islam | archive-date=7 April 2011 | magazine=Foreign Affairs | access-date=30 January 2011}}

For him the "Islamic message" to which Muslims are expected to bear witness is not primarily the particularist, socially conservative code of traditionalist jurists, but a commitment to universalism and the welfare of non-Muslims; it is also an injunction not merely to make demands on un-Islamic societies but to express solidarity with them.Ramadan, Tariq – To Be a European Muslim – Publisher: Islamic Foundation p. 150{{cite journal | url=http://www.cceia.org/resources/journal/21_4/essays/001.html | title=Reading Tariq Ramadan: Political Liberalism, Islam, and "Overlapping Consensus" | journal=Ethics & International Affairs | volume=21 | number=4 | date=Winter 2007 | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713135219/http://www.cceia.org/resources/journal/21_4/essays/001.html | archive-date=13 July 2009}}

Ramadan has voiced his opposition to all forms of capital punishment but believes the Muslim world should remove such laws from within, without any Western pressure, as such would only further alienate Muslims, and instead bolster the position of those who support hudud punishments: "Muslim populations are convincing themselves of the Islamic character of these practices through a rejection of the west, on the basis of a simplistic reasoning that stipulates that 'the less western, the more Islamic'".{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/comment/story/0,3604,1447867,00.html | title=We must not accept this repression: The Muslim conscience demands a halt to stonings and executions | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709205305/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/mar/30/religion.uk | archive-date=9 July 2022 | work=The Guardian | first=Tariq | last=Ramadan | date=29 March 2005}}

He has condemned suicide bombing and violence as a tactic. Additionally, he contends that terrorism is never justifiable, even though it can be understandable (in the sense of having a legitimate cause of resistance behind it).{{cite news | last=Paulson | first=Steve | url=http://www.salon.com/books/int/2007/02/20/ramadan/ | title=The modern Muslim | work=Salon | date=20 February 2007 | access-date=20 February 2007 | archive-date=3 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903144628/http://www.salon.com/books/int/2007/02/20/ramadan/ | url-status=live}}

Ramadan wrote that the Muslim response to Pope Benedict XVI's speech on Islam was disproportionate, and was encouraged by reactionary Islamic regimes in order to distract their populations, and that it did not improve the position of Islam in the world.{{cite news | last=Ramadan | first=Tariq | url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/09/20/opinion/edramadan.php | title=A struggle over Europe's religious identity | work=International Herald Tribune | date=20 September 2006 | access-date=18 November 2006 | archive-date=20 September 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060920214901/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/09/20/opinion/edramadan.php | url-status=live}}

Ramadan wrote an article, "Critique des (nouveaux) intellectuels communautaires", which French newspapers Le Monde and Le Figaro refused to publish. Oumma.com did eventually publish it. In the article he criticizes a number of French intellectuals and figures such as Alexandre Adler, Alain Finkielkraut, Bernard-Henri Lévy, André Glucksmann and Bernard Kouchner, for allegedly abandoning universal human rights, and giving special status to the defence of Israel. Ramadan was accused, in return, of having used inflammatory language.{{Cite web | url=https://www.denistouret.net/finance/ | title=Tout savoir sur les finances | first=par Denis | last=Touret | access-date=9 July 2022 | archive-date=21 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621090315/https://www.denistouret.net/finance/ | url-status=live}}{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/magazine/04ramadan.t.html | last=Buruma | first=Ian | title=Tariq Ramadan has an identity issue | date=4 February 2007 | work=The New York Times | access-date=13 February 2017 | archive-date=27 January 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127070154/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/magazine/04ramadan.t.html | url-status=live}} The underlying content of the essay was sharply criticized as well.{{cite book | last=Berman | first=Paul | author-link=Paul Berman | title=The Flight of the Intellectuals: The Controversy Over Islamism and the Press | year=2010 | publisher=Melville House | pages=157ff}}

In a French television debate in 2003 with Nicolas Sarkozy, Sarkozy accused Ramadan of defending the stoning of adulterers, a punishment supposedly warranted by a section of the Islamic penal code known as hudud. Ramadan replied that Sarkozy was wrong. He said that he opposed corporal punishments, stoning and the death penalty and that he is in favor of a moratorium on these practices to open the debate among Islamic scholars in Muslim-majority countries that enforce them. Many people, including Sarkozy, were outraged. Ramadan later defended his position arguing that, because it involved religious texts that Muslims take seriously, the law would have to be properly understood and contextualized. Ramadan argued that in Muslim countries, the simple act to "condemn" will not change anything, but with a moratorium, it could open the way for further debate. He thinks that such a debate can only lead to an abolition of these rules.{{cite news | author=Ian Buruma | work=The New York Times | date=4 February 2007 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/magazine/04ramadan.t.html | title=Tariq Ramadan has an identity issue | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127070154/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/magazine/04ramadan.t.html | archive-date=27 January 2017 }}

In October 2007, Warraq participated in an Intelligence Squared debate "We Should Not Be Reluctant to Assert the Superiority of Western Values," where he argued for the opposition viewpoint, together with William Dalrymple, and Charles Glass.{{Cite web | url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/intelligence/242761/we-should-not-be-reluctant-to-assert-the-superiority-of-western-values.thtml | title=Intelligence Squared Debates on the topic "We should not be reluctant to assert the superiority of Western values" | work=The Spectator | date=9 October 2007 | access-date=5 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307205323/http://spectator.co.uk/intelligence/242761/we-should-not-be-reluctant-to-assert-the-superiority-of-western-values.thtml | archive-date=7 March 2009}}

In October 2010, he debated with Christopher Hitchens as to whether Islam was a religion of peace.{{Cite web | date=2012-03-15 | title=Christopher Hitchens and Tariq Ramadan Debate: Is Islam a Religion of Peace? | url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/things-to-do/christopher-hitchens-and-tariq-ramadan-debate-is-islam-a-religion-of-peace | access-date=2023-09-11 | website=Time Out New York | language=en-US}}

On 16 July 2016, Ramadan was denied entry to Mauritania at Nouakchott International Airport. He had been invited to give lectures in the country. He claimed the decision "came directly from the presidency". Local police confirmed he "was expelled". This is the eighth time a Muslim country has denied him entry.{{cite web | url=http://www.tio.ch/News/Svizzera/Cronaca/1096362/L-islamologo-svizzero-Tariq-Ramadan-respinto-in-Mauritania/ | title=L'islamologo svizzero Tariq Ramadan respinto in Mauritania | date=16 July 2016 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-date=17 August 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817081713/http://www.tio.ch/News/Svizzera/Cronaca/1096362/L-islamologo-svizzero-Tariq-Ramadan-respinto-in-Mauritania/ | url-status=live}}

Some academics have detected liberalising and rationalising tendencies.For Example: {{cite magazine | title=Western Muslims and the Future of Islam | last=Brown | first=L. Carl | magazine=Foreign Affairs | date=January 2005 | volume=84 | issue=1}}

Paul Donnelly in 2001 asked rhetorically: "Tariq Ramadan: The Muslim Martin Luther?"{{cite magazine | url=http://www.salon.com/people/feature/2002/02/15/ramadan/index_np.html | title=Tariq Ramadan: The Muslim Martin Luther? | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051212031635/http://www.salon.com/people/feature/2002/02/15/ramadan/index_np.html | archive-date=12 December 2005 | first=Paul | last=Donnelly | magazine=Salon | date=15 February 2002}} Similarly, an article at the self-described liberal{{cite web | url=http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=About+Us | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205222445/http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=About+Us | title=American Prospect Online – About Us | archive-date=5 February 2007}} The American Prospect praised Ramadan and his work in particular as an "entire corpus consists of a steady and unyielding assault on Muslim insularity, self-righteousness, and self-pity."{{cite magazine | last=March | first=Andrew | title=Who's Afraid of Tariq Ramadan? | url=http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=whos_afraid_of_tariq_ramadan | magazine=The American Prospect | access-date=22 April 2011 | archive-date=28 July 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728184207/http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=whos_afraid_of_tariq_ramadan | url-status=live}}

In her book, Frère Tariq, (Encounter Books), Caroline Fourest claimed to have analysed Tariq Ramadan's 15 books, 1,500 pages of interviews, and approximately 100 recordings,{{cite web | url=http://www.encounterbooks.com/books/brothertariq/ | publisher=Encounter Books | title=Brother Tariq: The Doublespeak of Tariq Ramadan | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030619/http://www.encounterbooks.com/books/brothertariq/ | archive-date=4 March 2016}}[http://www.lexpress.fr/info/societe/dossier/mosquees/dossier.asp?ida=429895 Extracts of the book here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507153701/http://www.lexpress.fr/info/societe/dossier/mosquees/dossier.asp?ida=429895 |date=7 May 2008 }} {{in lang|fr}} and concludes "Ramadan is a war leader", an "Islamist" and the "political heir of his grandfather", Hassan al-Banna, stating that his discourse is "often just a repetition of the discourse that Banna had at the beginning of the 20th century in Egypt", and that he "presents [al-Banna] as a model to be followed."{{cite magazine | url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/800naxnt.asp?pg=1 | title=The State Department was right to deny Tariq Ramadan a visa | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311091358/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/800naxnt.asp?pg=1 | archive-date=11 March 2007 | first=Olivier | last=Guitta | magazine=Weekly Standard | date=16 October 2006 | volume=12 | issue=5}}{{cite book | last=Ramadan | first=Tariq | chapter=Debate between Tariq Ramadan and Alain Gresh (chief ed. of Le Monde diplomatique | title=L'Islam en questions | publisher=Sindbad | date=2002 | edition=1st | pages=33–34 | quote=I have studied Hassan al-Banna's ideas with great care and there is nothing in this heritage that I reject.}} She argues that "Tariq Ramadan is slippery. He says one thing to his faithful Muslim followers and something else entirely to his Western audience. His choice of words, the formulations he uses – even his tone of voice – vary, chameleon-like, according to his audience."

The former head of the French antiracism organization SOS Racisme, Malek Boutih, has been quoted as saying to Ramadan, after talking with him at length: "Mr. Ramadan, you are a fascist".{{cite magazine | url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/800naxnt.asp?page=3 | title=The State Department was right to deny Tariq Ramadan a visa | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224233035/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/800naxnt.asp?page=3 | archive-date=24 December 2012 | first=Olivier | last=Guitta | magazine=Weekly Standard | date=16 October 2006 | volume=12 | issue=5}} In an interview with Europe 1, Malek Boutih also likened Ramadan to "a small Le Pen";{{cite web | url=http://www.crif.org/index.php?page=articles_display/detail&aid=2182&artyd=5 | title=Enquête préliminaire sur des propos tenus par Tariq Ramadan | language=fr | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231652/http://www.crif.org/index.php?page=articles_display%2Fdetail&aid=2182&artyd=5 | archive-date=29 September 2017 | publisher=Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France | date=5 January 2004 | first=Malek | last=Boutih | quote=Tariq Ramadan est un petit Le Pen arabe [Tariq Ramadan is a small Le Pen]}}{{cite web | url=http://www.leparisien.fr/reactions/politique/-05-01-2004-2004660460.php | title=- Le Parisien | date=4 January 2004 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-date=15 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215124314/http://www.leparisien.fr/reactions/politique/-05-01-2004-2004660460.php | url-status=live}} in another interview he accused him of having crossed the line of racism and antisemitism, thus not genuinely belonging to the alter-globalization movement. Bertrand Delanoë, mayor of Paris, declared Ramadan unfit to participate at the European Social Forum, as not even "a slight suspicion of anti-Semitism" would be tolerable.{{cite web | url=http://www.crif.org/?page=articles_display/detail&aid=1755&returnto=articles_display/detail_th_type&thid=4&artyd=5 | title=Delanoë: Ramadan n'a pas sa place au FSE | language=fr | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231808/http://www.crif.org/?page=articles_display%2Fdetail&aid=1755&returnto=articles_display%2Fdetail_th_type&thid=4&artyd=5 | archive-date=29 September 2017 | publisher=Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France | date=27 October 2003}} Talking to the Paris weekly Marianne, Fadela Amara, president of Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Neither Whores Nor Submissive, a French feminist movement), Aurélie Filippetti, municipal counsellor for The Greens in Paris, Patrick Klugman, leading member of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France, and Dominique Sopo, head of SOS Racisme, accuse Ramadan of having misused the alter-globalization movement's ingenuousness to advance his "radicalism and anti-Semitism." Other criticisms have included allegations that an essay attacking French intellectuals was antisemitic{{cite web | url=http://www.jta.org/news/article/0000/00/00/10932/Antiglobalizationc | title=Philip Carmel, "Muslim fundamentalist hero of anti-global crowd," JTA, November 30, 1999 | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421112341/http://www.jta.org/news/article/0000/00/00/10932/Antiglobalizationc | archive-date=21 April 2012}} and that Ramadan has shown excessive generosity in his rationalization of the motives behind acts of terrorism, such as in the case of Mohammed Merah.{{Cite web | url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/its-wrong-to-make-victim-of-child-killer-20120328-1vyqq.html | title=It's wrong to make victim of child killer | first=Paul | last=Sheehan | date=28 March 2012 | website=The Sydney Morning Herald | access-date=9 July 2022 | archive-date=20 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620100759/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/its-wrong-to-make-victim-of-child-killer-20120328-1vyqq.html | url-status=live}}

Olivier Guitta, writing in The Weekly Standard, welcomed the U.S. decision to refuse Ramadan a visa, based on Ramadan's supposed links to terrorist organizations, and claiming that his father was the likely author of "'The Project'... a roadmap for installing Islamic regimes in the West by propaganda, preaching, and if necessary war." Guitta also criticized Ramadan for his campaign against the performance of Voltaire's play Mahomet in Geneva. After the lifting of the visa revocation, an article in the National Review criticized the double standard of lifting the visa restriction on Ramadan, but not for Issam Abu Issa who was banned by the Bush administration for being a whistleblower against the Palestinian Authority's corruption.{{cite magazine | last=Rubin | first=Michael | title=Tariq Ramadan vs. Issam Abu Issa | url=http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/193414/tariq-ramadan-vs-issam-abu-issa/michael-rubin | magazine=National Review | date=25 June 2013 | access-date=22 April 2011 | archive-date=20 October 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020122350/http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/193414/tariq-ramadan-vs-issam-abu-issa/michael-rubin | url-status=live}}

File:Tariq Ramadan Sitting.jpg

Ramadan denies contacts with terrorists or other Islamic fundamentalists and the charges of antisemitism and double talk, attributing the charges to misinterpretation and an unfamiliarity with his writings.{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20040830.wramandan30/BNPrint/Front/ | title=What you fear is not who I am | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203114353/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20040830.wramandan30/BNPrint/Front/ | archive-date=3 February 2009 | first=Tariq | last=Ramadan | work=The Globe and Mail | date=30 August 2004}} He stated: "I have often been accused of this 'double discourse', and to those who say it, I say – bring the evidence. I am quite clear in what I say. The problem is that many people don't want to hear it, particularly in the media. Most of the stories about me are completely untrue: journalists simply repeat black propaganda from the internet without any corroboration, and it just confirms what they want to believe. Words are used out of context. There is double-talk, yes, but there is also double-hearing. That is what I want to challenge."{{cite magazine | title=Not a Fanatic after all? | last=Hussey | first=Andrew | magazine=New Statesman | date=9 December 2005 | volume=134 |issue=4757 | pages=16–17 | url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200509120007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930222722/http://www.newstatesman.com/200509120007 | archive-date=30 September 2007}} In answer to criticism of his response to 11 September, Ramadan replied that two days after the attacks he had published an open letter, exhorting Muslims to condemn the attacks and the attackers, and not to "hide behind conspiracy theories."{{cite web | url=http://www.tariqramadan.com/article.php3?id_article=68&lang=en | title=Scholar under siege defends his record | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061126191907/http://www.tariqramadan.com/article.php3?id_article=68&lang=en | archive-date=26 November 2006}} and that less than two weeks after the attacks he had stated that "The probability [of bin Laden's guilt] is large, but some questions remain unanswered. ... But whoever they are, Bin Laden or others, it is necessary to find them and that they be judged", and that the interview had been conducted before any evidence was publicly available.{{cite magazine | url=http://www.islamicamagazine.com/content/view/96/62/ | magazine=Islamica Magazine | title=Why Tariq Ramadan? | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106142221/http://www.islamicamagazine.com/content/view/96/62/ | archive-date=6 January 2009}}

In a free internet poll by Foreign Policy magazine, Ramadan was listed as one of the 100 top global thinkers in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2012.{{cite magazine | url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/30/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=full | title=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers, December 2009 | magazine=Foreign Policy | access-date=13 November 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514125801/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/30/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=full | archive-date=14 May 2011}}{{cite magazine | url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/26/the_fp_100_global_thinkers?page=0,52 | title=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers | date=28 November 2012 | magazine=Foreign Policy | access-date=28 November 2012 | archive-date=30 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130221322/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/26/the_fp_100_global_thinkers?page=0,33 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all}}

In October 2017, secular activist Henda Ayari filed a complaint with the prosecutor's office of Rouen, stating that Ramadan had sexually assaulted her in a Paris hotel. Ayari had previously described the alleged incident in her 2016 book J’ai choisi d’être libre (in English I Chose to be Free), but had not revealed the real name of her attacker.{{cite news | title=Prominent Muslim scholar Tariq Ramadan accused of rape, sexual assault in France | url=http://www.france24.com/en/20171021-france-tariq-ramadan-muslim-scholar-accused-rape-sexual-assault-henda-ayari-ex-salafist | publisher=France 24 | date=21 October 2017 | access-date=22 October 2017 | archive-date=22 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022120211/http://www.france24.com/en/20171021-france-tariq-ramadan-muslim-scholar-accused-rape-sexual-assault-henda-ayari-ex-salafist | url-status=live}}

Ramadan's lawyer, Yassine Bouzrou, has said he would file a counter-suit for defamation. Bouzrou told the French paper Le Parisien that he denied the allegations and would file a complaint for defamation to Rouen prosecutors.{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/22/feminist-campaigner-accuses-oxford-professor-tariq-ramadan | author=Angelique Chrisafis | title=Feminist campaigner accuses Oxford professor Tariq Ramadan | newspaper=The Guardian | date=22 October 2017 | access-date=23 October 2017 | archive-date=23 October 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023021622/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/22/feminist-campaigner-accuses-oxford-professor-tariq-ramadan | url-status=live}}

A few days after Ayari, a second woman filed a complaint stating that Ramadan raped her. The disabled 45-year-old French convert to Islam, known in media reports as Christelle, says Ramadan in 2009 lured her into his hotel room where he assaulted and raped her.{{cite news | title=Une deuxième plainte pour viol déposée contre Tariq Ramadan En savoir plus sur | language=fr | url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2017/10/27/une-deuxieme-plainte-pour-viol-deposee-contre-tariq-ramadan_5207056_3224.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022253/http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2017/10/27/une-deuxieme-plainte-pour-viol-deposee-contre-tariq-ramadan_5207056_3224.html | archive-date=12 November 2020 | work=Le Monde | date=28 October 2017}} A third woman claimed Ramadan had sent her "pornographic" messages and later tried to blackmail and manipulate her.{{cite news | url=http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/tarik-ramadan-s-est-servi-de-son-aura-et-a-abuse-de-mes-faiblesses-28-10-2017-7359510.php | title=Une troisième victime présumée : "Tariq Ramadan a abusé de mes faiblesses" | language=fr | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012507/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/tarik-ramadan-s-est-servi-de-son-aura-et-a-abuse-de-mes-faiblesses-28-10-2017-7359510.php | archive-date=29 October 2017 | work=La Parisien | date=28 October 2017}}

Four other Swiss women subsequently came forth in early November 2017 with allegations that Ramadan molested them when they were teenagers. The claimants include one woman who says that Ramadan made advances when she was 14 years old, and another who claims she had sexual relations with Ramadan when she was 15. Ramadan has denied the accusations.{{cite news | last1=Yorke | first1=Harry | last2=Lawford | first2=Emily | title=Oxford academic defends Tariq Ramadan amid claims he is being attacked for being a 'prominent Muslim' | work=The Telegraph | date=7 November 2017 | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/11/06/oxford-academic-defends-tariq-ramadan-amid-claims-attacked-prominent/ | access-date=7 November 2017 | location=London | archive-date=8 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108003437/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2017/11/06/oxford-academic-defends-tariq-ramadan-amid-claims-attacked-prominent/ | url-status=live}}{{cite news | last=Huggler | first=Justin | title=Oxford professor accused of sexual misconduct with Swiss minors | work=The Telegraph | date=5 November 2017 | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/05/oxford-professor-accused-sexual-misconduct-swiss-minors/ | access-date=7 November 2017 | location=London | archive-date=7 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107085317/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/05/oxford-professor-accused-sexual-misconduct-swiss-minors/ | url-status=live}}

On 4 November 2017, the satirical French newspaper Charlie Hebdo published a cover story on the Ramadan affair.{{cite news | last=Samuel | first=Henry | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/06/charlie-hebdo-reports-death-threats-tariq-ramadan-sixth-pillar/ | title=Charlie Hebdo receives death threats over Tariq Ramadan front page | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=6 November 2017 | access-date=19 November 2017 | archive-date=14 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114200257/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/06/charlie-hebdo-reports-death-threats-tariq-ramadan-sixth-pillar/ | url-status=live}} On 7 November 2017, the University of Oxford announced that, "by mutual agreement, and with immediate effect" Ramadan "has taken a leave of absence". The statement noted that an "agreed leave of absence implies no acceptance or presumption of guilt".{{cite web | url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news-and-events/statement-professor-tariq-ramadan | title=Statement: Professor Tariq Ramadan | publisher=University of Oxford | date=7 November 2017 | access-date=7 November 2017 | archive-date=7 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107222801/http://www.ox.ac.uk/news-and-events/statement-professor-tariq-ramadan | url-status=live}}{{cite news | last1=Adams | first1=Richard | last2=Chrisafis | first2=Angelique | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/07/oxford-university-places-tariq-ramadan-on-leave-amid-claims | title=Oxford University places Tariq Ramadan on leave amid rape claims | work=The Guardian | date=7 November 2017 | access-date=8 November 2017 | archive-date=8 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108020723/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/07/oxford-university-places-tariq-ramadan-on-leave-amid-claims | url-status=live}} On 9 November 2017, the French weekly news magazine L'Obs published a cover story covering the allegations.{{cite news | last1=Anizon | first1=Emmanuelle | last2=Deffontaines | first2=Cécile | url=https://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/societe/20171108.OBS7089/tariq-ramadan-la-chute-d-un-gourou.html | title=Tariq Ramadan, la chute d'un gourou | language=fr | trans-title=Tariq Ramadan, the fall of a guru | work=L'Obs | date=8 November 2017 | access-date=19 November 2017 | archive-date=16 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116040821/https://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/societe/20171108.OBS7089/tariq-ramadan-la-chute-d-un-gourou.html | url-status=live}} In January 2018, Ramadan was denied entry to Qatar as a consequence of the scandal.{{cite magazine | last1=Hamel | first1=Ian | title=Tariq Ramadan persona non grata au Qatar | url=https://mondafrique.com/tariq-ramadan-persona-non-grata-qatar/ | magazine=Mondafrique | access-date=30 January 2018 | date=28 January 2018 | archive-date=31 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131023322/https://mondafrique.com/tariq-ramadan-persona-non-grata-qatar/ | url-status=live}}{{cite news | title=Le Qatar interdit de territoire Tariq Ramadan | url=http://www.20min.ch/ro/news/monde/story/Le-Qatar-interdit-de-territoire-Tariq-Ramadan-10687991 | work=20 Minutes | access-date=31 January 2018 | date=30 January 2018 | archive-date=31 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131140856/http://www.20min.ch/ro/news/monde/story/Le-Qatar-interdit-de-territoire-Tariq-Ramadan-10687991 | url-status=live}}

On 31 January 2018, Ramadan was taken into custody by French police.{{cite news | last=Chrisafis | first=Angelique | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/31/oxford-professor-tariq-ramadan-taken-into-custody-by-french-police | title=Oxford professor Tariq Ramadan taken into custody by French police | work=The Guardian | date=31 January 2018 | access-date=31 January 2018 | archive-date=31 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131162350/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/31/oxford-professor-tariq-ramadan-taken-into-custody-by-french-police | url-status=live}} After two days of questioning, he was formally charged with two counts of rape and ordered to remain in custody.{{cite news | last=Chrisafis | first=Angelique | url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/feb/02/oxford-professor-of-islamic-studies-charged-with-raping-two-women | title=Oxford professor charged with raping two women | work=The Guardian | date=2 February 2018 | access-date=3 February 2018 | archive-date=3 February 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203004103/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/feb/02/oxford-professor-of-islamic-studies-charged-with-raping-two-women | url-status=live}} He was held in the Fleury-Mérogis prison, Essonne.{{cite news | url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/new-evidence-in-rape-case-undermines-tariq-ramadan-s-alibi-1.716310 | title=New evidence in rape case undermines Tariq Ramadan's alibi | work=The National | date=26 March 2018 | access-date=27 March 2018 | archive-date=26 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326190634/https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/new-evidence-in-rape-case-undermines-tariq-ramadan-s-alibi-1.716310 | url-status=live}}

In March 2018, a third woman came forward alleging that she was raped by Ramadan on multiple occasions in France, Brussels and London between 2013 and 2014.{{cite news | date=7 March 2018 | title=Third woman accuses Swiss Islamic scholar Tariq Ramadan of rape | url=https://www.thelocal.ch/20180307/third-woman-accuses-swiss-islamic-scholar-tariq-ramadan-of-rape | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310220519/https://www.thelocal.ch/20180307/third-woman-accuses-swiss-islamic-scholar-tariq-ramadan-of-rape | archive-date=10 March 2018 | access-date=11 March 2018 | work=The Local Switzerland | agency=AFP}}{{cite news | url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/03/241972/french-moroccan-woman-files-another-rape-complaint-against-tariq-ramadan/ | title=French-Moroccan Woman Files Another Rape Complaint Against Tariq Ramadan | access-date=11 March 2018 | work=Morocco World News | archive-date=12 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312022428/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/03/241972/french-moroccan-woman-files-another-rape-complaint-against-tariq-ramadan/ | url-status=live}} Shortly thereafter, a fourth woman filed a police complaint alleging she had been raped by Ramadan. An American now living in Kuwait, she alleged that Ramadan had assaulted her in Washington DC in August 2013. No charges emerged from this complaint.{{cite news | url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/new-sexual-assault-complaint-against-tariq-ramadan-in-the-us-1.711694 | title=New sexual assault complaint against Tariq Ramadan in the US | access-date=11 March 2018 | author=Noor Nanji | date=9 March 2018 | work=The National | archive-date=11 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311202729/https://www.thenational.ae/world/new-sexual-assault-complaint-against-tariq-ramadan-in-the-us-1.711694 | url-status=live}}{{cite news | url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1262871/world | title=Tariq Ramadan faces fourth claim of rape | access-date=11 March 2018 | newspaper=Arab News | archive-date=10 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310191036/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1262871/world | url-status=live}}{{cite news | url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2018/02/21/Rape-accused-Tariq-Ramadan-faces-US-charges-as-Muslim-victim-comes-forward.html | title=Rape-accused Tariq Ramadan faces US charges as 'Muslim victim comes forward' | access-date=11 March 2018 | author=Eman El-Shenawi | date=21 February 2018 | work=Al Arabiya English | archive-date=11 March 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311201728/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2018/02/21/Rape-accused-Tariq-Ramadan-faces-US-charges-as-Muslim-victim-comes-forward.html | url-status=live}}

In April 2018, the Belgian judiciary reported that Ramadan had paid €27,000 three years earlier to a Belgian-Moroccan woman in exchange for the deletion of online posts revealing their affair. In the posts, she had detailed Ramadan's alleged "psychological grip" on her.{{cite news | url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/04/05/Rape-accused-Islamic-scholar-Tariq-Ramadan-paid-woman-for-silence-in-2015.html | title=Rape-accused Islamic scholar Tariq Ramadan 'paid woman for silence' in 2015 | publisher=Al Arabiya | date=5 April 2018 | access-date=5 April 2018 | archive-date=6 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040406/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/04/05/Rape-accused-Islamic-scholar-Tariq-Ramadan-paid-woman-for-silence-in-2015.html | url-status=live}}

On 13 April 2018, the Swiss newspaper La Tribune de Genève reported that a woman had come forward to the authorities in Geneva and accused Ramadan of a sexual assault involving aggravating cruelty in September 2008.{{cite news | title=Une plainte pour viol vise Tariq Ramadan à Genève | url=https://www.tdg.ch/geneve/actu-genevoise/nouvelle-plainte-viol-vise-tariq-ramadan/story/28803004 | newspaper=Tribune de Genève | access-date=13 April 2018 | archive-date=14 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414010850/https://www.tdg.ch/geneve/actu-genevoise/nouvelle-plainte-viol-vise-tariq-ramadan/story/28803004 | url-status=live}} The National reported that he allegedly "raped her and held her against her will for several hours in a Geneva hotel room".{{cite news | url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/islamic-scholar-tariq-ramadan-faces-new-rape-claim-1.721500 | title=Islamic scholar Tariq Ramadan faces new rape claim | date=14 April 2018 | access-date=15 April 2018 | work=The National | archive-date=15 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415190242/https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/islamic-scholar-tariq-ramadan-faces-new-rape-claim-1.721500 | url-status=live}}

Later in April 2018, Ramadan admitted that he had been in a sexual relationship with the third rape complainant, who had presented to investigators a dress reportedly stained with his semen, but he insisted that it was always consensual.{{cite news | url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/tariq-ramadan-admits-relationship-with-rape-complainant-1.723458 | title=Tariq Ramadan admits relationship with rape complainant | access-date=23 April 2018 | author=Noor Nanji | date=21 April 2018 | work=The National | archive-date=23 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423170151/https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/tariq-ramadan-admits-relationship-with-rape-complainant-1.723458 | url-status=live}}

In May 2018, Ayari modified aspects of her account, according to her based on her diary records, saying that the encounter took place in March 2012 at the Crown Plaza hotel in Paris' Place de la Republique.{{cite news | title=Tariq Ramadan's accuser changes details of rape account | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/05/tariq-ramadan-accuser-details-rape-account-180530183854122.html | access-date=2 June 2018 | agency=Al Jazeera English | publisher=Al Jazeera Media Network | date=30 May 2018 | archive-date=2 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602073657/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/05/tariq-ramadan-accuser-details-rape-account-180530183854122.html | url-status=live}}

In a newspaper blog, British journalist Peter Oborne criticized what he saw as failings in the French justice system and hypocrisy of prominent French public figures such as Manuel Valls pointing out that others accused of rape in France "await their fate in freedom".{{cite magazine | last1=Oborne | first1=Peter | title=Tariq Ramadan and the integrity of French justice | url=https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2018/06/tariq-ramadan-and-the-integrity-of-french-justice/ | magazine=The Spectator | access-date=18 June 2018 | archive-date=19 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619014322/https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2018/06/tariq-ramadan-and-the-integrity-of-french-justice/ | url-status=live}} Regarding such sympathy for Ramadan over his detention, Henda Ayari, the first of his accusers, said that he is undeserving of sympathy. "It is for the courts to decide," she said. "Eventually, if French justice says he is guilty, those people may regret their support."{{cite news | url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/tariq-ramadan-accuser-says-academic-must-recognise-the-truth-1.745139 | title=Tariq Ramadan accuser says academic must 'recognise the truth' | access-date=3 July 2018 | author=Diane Greenberg | date=28 June 2018 | work=The National | archive-date=3 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703162427/https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/tariq-ramadan-accuser-says-academic-must-recognise-the-truth-1.745139 | url-status=live}}

In June, Ramadan admitted to having five extramarital affairs, saying that he sometimes acted in ways that were inconsistent with his principles.{{cite news | url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/06/248127/tariq-ramadan-5-extramarital-affairs/ | title=Tariq Ramadan Confesses to 5 Extramarital Affairs | access-date=19 June 2018 | author=Zoubida Senoussi | work=Morocco World News | archive-date=19 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619064311/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/06/248127/tariq-ramadan-5-extramarital-affairs/ | url-status=live}} In that same month, the presiding judges also cleared him of the third accusation, because it had been a consensual extramarital affair, and he remains imprisoned for the first two.{{cite news | title=French judges dismiss third rape probe against Tariq Ramadan | url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/french-judges-dismiss-third-rape-probe-against-tariq-ramadan-10393070 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630185637/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/french-judges-dismiss-third-rape-probe-against-tariq-ramadan-10393070 | archive-date=2018-06-30 | work=Channel NewsAsia | publisher=Mediacorp | access-date=30 June 2018 | quote=2013 and 2014, lawyer Emmanuel Marsigny said. "The magistrates considered, following explanations from Mr Ramadan and some documents that he was able to provide, that there was no need to investigate Mr Ramadan concerning" the third woman, he added. "He explained at length to the magistrates... that there had been sexual games, that there had been sexual relations as well, but that they were always freely consensual."}}

In July, it was revealed that the first accuser, Henda Ayari, was at her younger brother's wedding on the date when she was allegedly raped.{{cite news | title=Tariq Ramadan: la version de la première plaignante affaiblie par l'enquête | url=http://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2018/07/19/tariq-ramadan-la-version-de-la-premiere-plaignante-affaiblie-par-lenquete | access-date=20 July 2018 | agency=TVA Nouvelles | publisher=MédiaQMI inc. | date=19 July 2018 | language=fr | archive-date=20 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022421/http://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2018/07/19/tariq-ramadan-la-version-de-la-premiere-plaignante-affaiblie-par-lenquete | url-status=live}}

In October, Ramadan admitted that he had consensual sex with Ayari and Christelle.{{Cite news | work=The Milli Chronicle | date=2018-10-23 | title=Adviser of Middle East Monitor – Tariq Ramadan justifies his Rape case as 'consensual sex' | publication-place=London | publisher=Milli Chronicle Media | url=https://millichronicle.com/2018/10/adviser-of-middle-east-monitor-tariq-ramadan-justifies-his-rape-case-as-consensual-sex/ | access-date=2021-05-10 | language=en | archive-date=10 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510155005/https://millichronicle.com/2018/10/adviser-of-middle-east-monitor-tariq-ramadan-justifies-his-rape-case-as-consensual-sex/ | url-status=live}}{{cite news | title=Islamic scholar Tariq Ramadan admits to 'consensual' sex with accusers | language=en | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20181022-islamic-scholar-tariq-ramadan-admits-consensual-sex-with-accusers-rape-france | work=France 24 | date=22 October 2018 | access-date=25 October 2018 | archive-date=25 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025101111/https://www.france24.com/en/20181022-islamic-scholar-tariq-ramadan-admits-consensual-sex-with-accusers-rape-france | url-status=live}}

In August 2019, Ramadan faced a new accusation of raping a woman in May 2014 in Lyon, France.{{cite news | last=Prentis | first=Jamie | url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/tariq-ramadan-book-to-be-published-despite-pleas-of-rape-accuser-1.909131 | title=Tariq Ramadan book to be published despite pleas of rape accuser | work=The National | date=11 September 2019 | access-date=11 September 2019 | archive-date=10 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110193821/https://www.thenational.ae/world/europe/tariq-ramadan-book-to-be-published-despite-pleas-of-rape-accuser-1.909131 | url-status=live}}

In September 2019, Ramadan stated that the allegations from the women, the indictment for the rape, the jail custody, and the media coverage of the case against him were "state racism", and compared his own case with the Dreyfus affair. He stated: "Is there not a similarity between Dreyfus affair and Ramadan affair? Nobody can deny the anti-Muslim racism that has grown in this country [France] and which is sustained daily by the politicians and the journalists. Dreyfus who was Jew yesterday is Muslim today". This comparison caused indignation among both French and also Muslim communities. Among others the editor Laurent Joffrin, in his Libération, labelled Ramadan's comparison as "ridiculous" and pointed out: "Dreyfus was innocently convicted by false evidence and sent to the prison house. Ramadan is prosecuted but not convicted, and if he gets convicted, then it would be because of the evidence, not because of his religion".{{cite web | url=https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/debat/tariq-ramadan-om-sigtelser-voldtaegt-jeg-er-offer-statsracisme | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803120755/https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/debat/tariq-ramadan-om-sigtelser-voldtaegt-jeg-er-offer-statsracisme | archive-date=3 August 2020 | title=Tariq Ramadan om sigtelser for voldtægt: Jeg er offer for statsracisme | work=Kristeligt Dagblad | first=Birthe | last=Pedersen | date=17 September 2019}}

In February 2020, Ramadan was formally charged with raping two more women.

In May 2023, Ramadan was acquitted by a Swiss court on all charges in relation to a singular allegation of rape and sexual coercion against a woman in a Geneva hotel room.{{Cite news | first=Angelique | last=Chrisafis | date=2023-05-24 | title=Tariq Ramadan acquitted of charges of rape and sexual coercion by Swiss court | language=en-GB | work=The Guardian | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/24/tariq-ramadan-cleared-rape-sexual-coercion-swiss-court | access-date=2023-05-24}} Nevertheless, this acquittal was reversed in September 2024 by a Swiss appeals court. He received a three-year prison sentence, with two years suspended. Ramadan still faces multiple other rape allegations in both Switzerland and France, which he continues to deny, asserting the charges are politically driven.{{Cite news |date=10 September 2024 |title=Tariq Ramadan convicted of rape in Switzerland |newspaper=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2n74n6q1vo |access-date=10 September 2024}}

Since his initial detention, Ramadan has been hospitalized several times for multiple sclerosis. His attorney reported that several doctors have said his condition is "incompatible with detention"; however, the court insisted on maintaining his detention after multiple hospital exams and medical consultations indicated that his condition was compatible with detention.{{cite news | title=Tariq Ramadan à nouveau hospitalisé | url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2018/03/10/97001-20180310FILWWW00074-tariq-ramadan-a-nouveau-hospitalise.php | access-date=18 July 2018 | newspaper=Le Figaro | date=10 March 2018 | language=fr | archive-date=18 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718205559/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2018/03/10/97001-20180310FILWWW00074-tariq-ramadan-a-nouveau-hospitalise.php | url-status=live}}

Ramadan has authored around 30 books{{cite news | url=https://international.la-croix.com/news/second-rape-allegation-against-famous-oxford-islamologist/6243 | title=Second rape allegation against famous Oxford Islamologist | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709205308/https://international.la-croix.com/news/culture/second-rape-allegation-against-famous-oxford-islamologist/6243 | archive-date=9 July 2022 | date=31 October 2017 | work=La Croix | access-date=28 February 2020}} as well as "several hundred articles"{{cite news | title=AAR Sues to Prevent United States from Denying Foreigners Entry Based on Ideas, Viewpoints | work=Religious Studies News | date=March 2006 | page=6}} in French and English, some of which have been translated into other languages.

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Category:1962 births

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