Technomimetics
Technomimetics are molecular systems that can mimic man-made devices. The term was first introduced in 1997.Gakh, A.A.; Sachleben, R.A.; and Bryan, J.C. Molecular gearing systems. ChemTech, 1997, 27(11), 26-33. The current set of technomimetic moleculesRapenne, G. Synthesis of technomimetic molecules: Towards rotation control in single molecular machines and motors. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2005, 3, 1165-1169. {{doi|10.1039/b419282f}} includes motors,Fletcher, S. P.; Dumur, F.; Pollard, M. M.; Feringa, B. L. A Reversible, Unidirectional Molecular Rotary Motor Driven by Chemical Energy. Science, 2005, 310(5745), 80-82. {{ doi| 10.1126/science.1117090}} rotors,Kottas, G.S.; Clarke, L. I.; Horinek, D.; Michl, J. Artificial molecular rotors. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1281-1376. {{doi| 10.1021/cr0300993 }} gears,Manzano, C.; Soe, W.-H.; Wong, H. S.; Ample, F.; Gourdon, A.; Chandrasekhar, N.; Joachim, C. Step-by-step rotation of a molecule-gear mounted on an atomic-scale axis. Nature Materials, 2009, 8, 576-579. {{doi| 10.1038/NMAT2467}} gyroscopes,Shima, T.; Hampel, F.; Gladysz, J.A. Molecular Gyroscopes: Fe(CO)3 and Fe(CO)2-(NO)+ Rotators Encased in Three-Spoke Stators; Facile Assembly via Alkene Metatheses. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 5537-5540. {{doi| 10.1002/anie.200460534}} tweezers,Chen C.-W.; Whitlock H. W. Molecular Tweezers - A Simple-Model of Bifunctional Intercalation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 4921–4922. {{doi| 10.1021/ja00483a063}} and other molecular devices.{{Cite book |last=Gakh |first=Andrei A. |title=Molecular devices: an introduction to technomimetics and its biological applications |date=2018 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc |isbn=978-1-119-44815-0 |location=Hoboken, NJ}} Technomimetics{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ruby |title=Technomimetics versus Biomimetics: an application towards artificial intelligence |date=2020 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-4971-5 |location=Newcastle upon Tyne}} can be considered as the essential components of molecular machines and have the primary use in molecular nanotechnology.