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Tedim language

{{Short description|Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Burma and India}}

{{Cleanup|reason=Portions appear to be about a clan rather than a language|date=May 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Tedim
Tedim Chin

| nativename = Zopau, Tedim pau, Zomi

| states = Myanmar, India

| region = Chin State and Sagaing Division of Myanmar
Manipur State and Mizoram State of India

| ethnicity = Zomi people, Chin people

| speakers = {{sigfig|344,000|2}}

| date = 1990

| ref = e18

| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan

| fam2 = Tibeto-Burman

| fam3 = Kuki-Chin-Mizo-Zomi

| fam4 = Zomi-Chin

| script = Latin
Pau Cin Hau script

| iso3 = ctd

| glotto = tedi1235

| glottorefname = Zo

}}

The Tedim language is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken mostly in the southern Indo-Burmese border. It is the native language of the Tedim tribe of the Zomi people, and a form of standardized dialect merging from the Sukte and Kamhau dialects. It is a subject-object verb language, and negation follows the verb. It is mutually intelligible with the Paite language.

History

Zomi was the primary language spoken by Pau Cin Hau, a religious leader who lived from 1859 to 1948. He also devised a logographic and later simplified alphabetic script for writing materials in Zomi.

Phonology

The phonology of Zomi can be described as (C)V(V)(C)T order, where C represents a consonant, V represents a vowel, T represents a tone, and parentheses enclose optional constituents of a syllable.{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11104r-paucinhau-alphabet.pdf

|title=Proposal to Encode the Pau Cin Hau Alphabet in ISO/IEC 10646|website=unicode.org|access-date=15 September 2023}}

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Alveolo-
palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

rowspan="3" |Plosive/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|{{IPA link|tɕ}}

|{{IPA link|k}}

|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

aspirated

|{{IPA link|pʰ}}

|{{IPA link|tʰ}}

|{{IPA link|tɕʰ}}

|({{IPA link|kʰ}})

|

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}

|

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|f}}

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|{{IPA link|x}}

|{{IPA link|h}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|v}}

|{{IPA link|z}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|lˀ}}

  • Approximants [j, w] can be heard as allophones of vowels /i̯, u̯/ within diphthongs.
  • /x/ can also be heard as an aspirated velar stop [kʰ] in free variation.

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|

|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|ɛ}} {{IPA link|ɛː}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɔ}} {{IPA link|ɔː}}

Open

|

|{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Diphthongs

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

Close

|iu̯ i̯a

|

|ui̯ uːi̯ u̯a

Mid

|ei̯ ɛːi̯ eu̯ ɛːu̯

|

|ou̯ oi̯ ɔːi̯

Open

|

|ai̯ aːi̯ au̯ aːu̯

|

  • Sounds /ɛ, ɔ/ may have short allophones of more close [e, o].{{Cite book|last=Otsuka|first=Kosei|title=Tiddim Chin|publisher=Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.|year=2014|location=Toshihide Nakayama and Noboru Yoshioka and Kosei Otsuka (eds.), Grammatical Sketches from the Field|pages=109–141}}

= Tone =

{{sectstub|date=August 2022}}

References

{{Incubator|code=ctd}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}

{{Languages of Burma}}

{{Languages of Northeast India}}

Category:Kuki-Chin languages

Category:Languages of Mizoram

Category:Languages of Manipur

{{st-lang-stub}}

{{Myanmar-stub}}