Teknekron Corporation

{{Infobox company

| name = Teknekron Corporation

| logo = Teknekron Corporation Logo.gif

| logo_size = 180px

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| type = Private

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| foundation = {{Start date and age|1968}}

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| location_city = Incline Village, Nevada

| location_country = United States

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| homepage = {{URL|http://teknekroncorp.com/}}

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Teknekron Corporation is one of the world's first technology-focused business incubators. {{sfn|Peters|1991}}

Teknekron was founded in Berkeley, California, in 1968 by Harvey Wagner and several UC Berkeley professors, including George Turin, D.Sc., a professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences who served as vice president of technology. By 1991 it had grown to $225 million in revenue, a 40% annual rate of growth.{{sfn|Peters|1991}}

The company is registered in the tax shelter of Incline Village in Nevada. Although Wagner had a small office there near his Lake Tahoe house,{{sfn|Clark|1988}} most of the company's operations are in Berkeley, the San Francisco Peninsula, and the Dallas–Fort Worth area.

Theoretical and policy research

During the 1960s and 1970s, Teknekron was awarded numerous research contracts by the U.S. government, including the transfer of technology from NASA's space program to civilian uses, {{sfn|Aerospace|1970}} the dispersal modeling and generation forecasts of noxious gases from power generation,{{sfn|Barse|1977}}{{sfn|Altshuller|Johnson|Nader|Niemann|1980}} urban effects of drought in San Francisco,{{sfn|Hoffman|Glickstein|Liroff|1979}} mental health services in California,{{sfn|Koran|Meinhardt|1984}} durability of manufactured goods,{{sfn|Lacy|1985}} and public perceptions of highway safety.{{sfn|Arnould|Grabowski|1981}}

Contracted research for private clients included Workers' compensation.{{sfn|Jewell|Johnston|Leavitt|1974}} Some of Teknekron's research was performed in partnership with UC Berkeley.{{sfn|Jewell|1971}}

The stated goal of the company is: "New Teknekron ventures do not take the traditional course of developing, from the outset, a standard product for the end-user market. Instead, they concentrate on developing products for inclusion in other, generally larger companies' product lines, and on delivering customized integrated systems for such companies' internal use. It is only after years of working with client companies on specific projects that a Teknekron enterprise might condense its market-honed technologies into generic "core products." This market approach has distinguished us from venture- capital partnerships, which tend to focus on funding companies that ab initio develop products for the end-user market."

Incubated businesses

By 1991 four companies had been spun out as separate public companies or sold off, one had failed and six were running as "affiliate companies."{{sfn|Peters|1991}}

IEX Corporation, bought by Tekelec in 1999 for $163 million {{sfn|Securities and Exchanges Commission|1999}}{{sfn|Files|1999}}
Integrated Automation, bought by Litton Industries
Teknekron Energy Resource Analysts Corporation (TERA Corp)
Teknekron Communications Systems Inc., renamed TCSI in 1995 and bought by Rocket Software in 2003{{Cite news

| title = OpenTV wins early round

| work = Alameda Times-Star

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 2003-01-10

| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/0F99434DE462E3D0/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang

}}

Teknekron Financial Services, absorbed by Computer Sciences Corporation
Teknekron Infoswitch, bought by Greenwich Street Capital Partners in 1999.{{Cite news

| edition = 3rd

| pages = 2D

| last = Files

| first = Jennifer

| title = California software firm agrees to buy IEX Corp.

| work = The Dallas Morning News

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 1999-04-22

| url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54452067.html

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155509/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54452067.html

| url-status=dead

| archive-date = 2015-09-24

}}

Teknekron Sensor Development Corp, a manufacturer of scanning probe microscopy components {{sfn|Clark|1992}}
Teknekron Software Systems, bought by Reuters in 1993 for $125.1 million {{sfn|Smith|1993}}{{sfn|Evenson|1993}} now known as TIBCO Software.

Partnerships

Teknekron partnered with external firms as well. In 1991 it signed a co-marketing agreement with the Belgian microelectronics research partnership Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre.{{sfn|Segers|1993}}

Sources

References

{{Cite journal

| issn = 0030-364X

| volume = 19

| issue = 2

| pages = 323–348

| last = Jewell

| first = William S.

| title = Divisible and Movable Activities in Critical-Path Analysis

| journal = Operations Research

| date = 1971-03-01

| jstor = 169270

| doi = 10.1287/opre.19.2.323

| s2cid = 207238190

}}

{{Cite journal

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|last2=Grabowski

|first2=Henry

| title = Auto Safety Regulation: An Analysis of Market Failure

| journal = The Bell Journal of Economics

| date = 1981-04-01

| jstor = 3003507

}}

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| journal = Sociological Perspectives

| date = 1985-04-01

| jstor = 1389054

}}

{{Cite journal

| issn = 0030-364X

| volume = 22

| issue = 5

| pages = 929–941

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|last2=Johnston

|first2=Tom L.

|last3=Leavitt

|first3=Stephen S.

| title = Operations Research in the Insurance Industry: II. An Application in Claims Operations of Workmen's Compensation Insurance

| journal = Operations Research

| date = 1974-09-01

| jstor = 169650

| doi = 10.1287/opre.22.5.929

}}

{{Cite journal

| issn = 0003-150X

| volume = 71

| issue = 7

| pages = 356–363

| last1 = Hoffman

| first1 = Mark

|last2=Glickstein

|first2=Robert

|last3=Liroff

|first3=Stuart

| title = Urban Drought in the San Francisco Bay Area: A Study of Institutional and Social Resiliency

| journal = Journal (American Water Works Association)

| date = 1979-07-01

| jstor = 41270318

| doi = 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1979.tb04373.x

}}

{{Cite journal

| issn = 0921-898X

| volume = 5

| issue = 4

| pages = 271–281

| last = Segers

| first = Jean-Pierre

| title = Strategic Partnering between New Technology Based Firms and Large Established Firms in the Biotechnology and Micro-Electronics Industries in Belgium

| journal = Small Business Economics

| date = 1993-12-01

| jstor = 40228936

| doi = 10.1007/BF01516248

}}

{{Cite journal

| issn = 0303-8300

| volume = 15

| issue = 2

| pages = 131–144

| last1 = Koran

| first1 = Lorrin M.

|last2=Meinhardt

|first2=Kenneth

| title = Social Indicators in Statewide Mental Health Planning: Lessons from California

| journal = Social Indicators Research

| date = 1984-08-01

| jstor = 27521234

| doi = 10.1007/BF00426284

}}

{{Cite journal

| doi = 10.2307/795884

| issn = 0044-0094

| volume = 90

| issue = 6

| pages = 1398–1411

| last = Smith

| first = Lowell

|author2=Russell Randle

| title = Comment on Beyond the New Deal

| journal = The Yale Law Journal

| date = 1981-05-01

| jstor = 795884

}}

{{Cite journal

| doi = 10.2307/1239892

| issn = 0002-9092

| volume = 59

| issue = 5

| pages = 1073–1074

| last = Barse

| first = Joseph R.

| title = Agriculture and Energy Use in the Year 2000: Discussion from a Natural Resource Perspective

| journal = American Journal of Agricultural Economics

| date = 1977-12-01

| jstor = 1239892

}}

{{Cite journal

| doi = 10.2307/3955443

| issn = 0036-8423

| volume = 98

| issue = 3/4

| pages = 64

| title = Aerospace

| journal = Science News

| date = 1970-07-25

| jstor = 3955443

|ref={{sfnref|Aerospace|1970}}

}}

{{Cite journal

| doi = 10.2307/3429343

| issn = 0091-6765

| volume = 36

| pages = 155–179

| last1 = Altshuller

| first1 = A. P.

|last2=Johnson

|first2=Warren B.

|last3=Nader

|first3=John S.

|last4=Niemann

|first4=Brand L.

|last5=Turner

|first5=D. Bruce

|last6=Wilson

|first6=William E.

|last7=D'Alessio

|first7=Gregory

| title = Transport and Fate of Gaseous Pollutants Associated with the National Energy Program

| journal = Environmental Health Perspectives

| date = 1980-06-01

| jstor = 3429343

| doi-access = free

}}

{{Cite news

| edition = fin

| pages = 1

| last = Clark

| first = Don

| title = Company Profile – Berkeley's Business Incubator

| work = San Francisco Chronicle

| location = San Francisco

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 1988-02-29

| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/0EB4F04BE757C156/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang

}}

{{Cite news

| edition = final

| pages = 2

| last = Clark

| first = Don

| title = World's Tiniest Devices – Silicon Valley works on new technology

| work = San Francisco Chronicle

| location = San Francisco

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 1992-11-13

| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/0EB4F4710A122712/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang

}}

{{Cite news

| edition = THIRD

| pages = 10

| title = Local & Regional Briefs – Local Earnings In Brief

| work = Dallas Morning News

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 1999-07-09

| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/0ED3DBA7E816102B/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang

}}

{{Cite news

| edition = FINAL

| pages = 1

| last = Evenson

| first = Laura

| title = Reuters Will Purchase Teknekron of Palo Alto – British company to pay $125 million for software firm

| work = San Francisco Chronicle

| location = San Francisco

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 1993-12-18

| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/0EB4F587546AC9B5/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang

}}

{{Cite news

| last = Peters

| first = Tom

| title = Breakthrough opportunities bring innovations to market

| work = Baltimore Sun

| location =

| accessdate = 2013-11-10

| date = 1991-10-07

| url = http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-10-07/business/1991280052_1_microprocessor-new-entity-young-entrepreneurs

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220113/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-10-07/business/1991280052_1_microprocessor-new-entity-young-entrepreneurs

| url-status = dead

| archive-date = June 10, 2015

}}

{{Cite news

| edition = Morning Final

| issn = 0747-2099

| pages = 10

| last = Smith

| first = Rebecca

| title = Reuters to buy Teknekron, known for "info highway" technology"

| work = San Jose Mercury News

| location = San Jose

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 1993-12-18

| url = http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/NewsBank/0EB71C448D6E8064/49A2E19BE58747EE91F5ACB8D85A7A48?s_lang

}}

{{Citation

| publisher = Securities and Exchanges Commission

| last = Tekelec

| title = Form 8-k

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| date = 1999-05-07

| url = http://apps.shareholder.com/sec/viewerContent.aspx?companyid=TKLC&docid=1220833

|ref={{sfnref|Securities and Exchanges Commission|1999}}

}}

{{Cite web

| title = Teknekron, Inc

| work = Computer History Museum

| accessdate = 2012-10-04

| url = http://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/companies.php?alpha=t-z&company=com-42bc231852f71

}}

{{Cite journal

| doi = 10.2307/41166672

| issn = 0008-1256

| volume = 33

| issue = 4

| pages = 46–60

| last = Wagner

| first = Harvey E.

| title = The Open Corporation

| journal = California Management Review

| date = July 1991

| jstor = 41166672

}}

{{cite news|last=Fisher|first=Lawrence|title=Reuters Is Buying Teknekron|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/18/business/company-news-reuters-is-buying-teknekron.html|accessdate=11 October 2013|date=18 December 1993}}

Category:Business incubators of the United States