Tel Yitzhak
{{Short description|Kibbutz in central Israel}}
{{Infobox Kibbutz
| name = Tel Yitzhak
| image = The Massuah Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak.jpg
| hebname= {{Script/Hebrew|תֵּל יִצְחָק}}
| foundation = 1938
| founded_by = Galician Jews
| district = center
| council = Hof HaSharon
| affiliation = HaOved HaTzioni
| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population = {{Israel populations|Tel Yizhaq}}
| population_footnotes={{Israel populations|reference}}
| pushpin_map=Israel center ta |pushpin_mapsize=250
| coordinates = {{coord|32|15|9|N|34|52|9|E|display=inline,title}}
| website =
}}
Tel Yitzhak ({{langx|he|תֵּל יִצְחָק||Yitzhak Hill}}) is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the coastal plain to the south-east of Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaSharon Regional Council. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Tel Yizhaq}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}
History
The region of Tel Yitzhak, bordering the wetlands of the Poleg stream, has been inhabited intermittently since the Middle Paleolithic age, with peak periods of settlement during the Middle and Late Bronze Age (17th–13th centuries BCE), the Byzantine (4th–7th centuries CE) and Late Ottoman periods (19–early 20th centuries CE).{{Cite book|last=Marom|first=Roy|url=https://www.academia.edu/33336694|title=From Time Immemorial: Chapters in the History of Even Yehuda and its Region in Light of Historical and Archaeological Research|year=2008}} Before the 20th century the area formed part of the Forest of Sharon and was part of the lands of the village of Ghabat Kafr Sur. It was an open woodland dominated by Mount Tabor Oak, which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra'anana in the south. The local Arab inhabitants traditionally used the area for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the coastal plain during the 19th century led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation.{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=2022-12-01 |title=The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies |url=https://www.academia.edu/93207554 |journal=Muse |volume=5 |pages=90–107}}
The kibbutz was established in 1938 by General Zionist immigrants{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3xqMEseAQwC&pg=PA162|title=The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews in Lithuania|author=Dov Levin|page=162|publisher=Yad Vashem Jerusalem|year=2000|isbn=9781571812643}} from Galicia as part of the tower and stockade settlement campaign. It was named after Yitzhak Steiger, a leader of HaNoar HaTzioni in Galicia.
File:Haaretz press,Tel Yitzhak.jpg newspaper press, Tel Yitzhak]]
Masua, a center for Holocaust research and commemoration, was established on the kibbutz.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zkZC6bp3upsC&pg=PA797 |editor1-last=Berenbaum |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Peck |editor2-first=Abraham J. |title=The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined |year=2002 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |page=797 |isbn=0-253-21529-3}}
Nature reserve
Southwest of the kibbutz is an 8-dunam nature reserve established in 1968{{cite web |title=List of National Parks and Nature Reserves |url=http://parks.org.il/sigalit/muchrazim.pdf |language=he |publisher=Israel Nature and Parks Authority |access-date=2010-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007095221/http://parks.org.il/sigalit/muchrazim.pdf |archive-date=October 7, 2009}} to protect flora and fauna native to the Sharon plain.{{cite web|url=http://www.inature.info/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A7|title=Tel Yitzhak Nature Reserve |language=he |accessdate=2010-10-13 |publisher=iNature.info}} Flora includes Ceratonia siliqua, Calicotome villosa, Thymelaea hirsuta, Prasium majus, Anagyris, and Lavandula stoechas.
Historic images
File:תל יצחק - הקמת מגדל הצופים ביום עלית קיבוץ תל יצחקעל אדמת הקק"ל בסביבות אבן יהודה-JNF025809.jpeg|Tel Yitzhak construction of watchtower 1938
File:תל יצחק - יום העליה-JNF025810.jpeg|Tel Yitzhak construction of wall, July 1938
File:מראה תל-יצחק בשרון-JNF044939.jpeg|Tel Yitzhak 1939
File:Tel Tsur 1944.jpg|Tel Yitzhak 1944 1:20,000 (bottom right quadrant:Tel Yits-haq)
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Hof HaSharon Regional Council}}
{{Nature reserves of Israel}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Populated places established in 1938
Category:Nature reserves in Israel
Category:Populated places in Central District (Israel)
Category:Protected areas of Central District (Israel)