Temeşvar Eyalet

File:Cetatea Timisoara 1602.jpg

The name of the province in Ottoman Turkish was Eyâlet-i Temeşvar or Eyâlet-i Tımışvar (in Modern Turkish: Temeşvar Eyaleti or Tamışvar Eyaleti), in Hungarian was Temesvári vilajet, in Romanian was Eialetul Timișoarei or Pașalâcul Timișoara, in Serbian was Темишварски ејалет or Temišvarski ejalet. The province was named after its administrative seat, Temeşvar. The Turkish name Temeşvar is given after the Hungarian one, Temesvár meaning "Castle on the Temes" (River).

File:Timisoara1656.jpgs in Temeşvar in 1656]]

File:Beckerek1697 98.jpg, Serbia) in 1697/98]]

Since the capture of Belgrade (1521), Ottoman forces have intensified their incursions towards Hungarian territories beyond the Danube, gradually establishing several posts on its left banks, while the Temes County and surrounding regions remained under the Hungarian rule. By 1536, the Banate of Lugos and Karansebes was established within the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, as a military frontier towards the Ottomans. In the same time, local magnate Petar Petrović (d. 1557) emerged as a semi-autonomous governor of the region, balancing between Hungarians and Ottomans.{{sfn|Bulboacă|2011|p=88-97}}{{sfn|Krstić|2022|p=95-111}}

Upon the initial dissolution of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom in the summer of 1551, much of its territories, including the Temes County and the surrounding regions, were integrated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, thus provoking the reaction of the Ottoman Empire, that invaded the region in the autumn of the same year, taking several cities, but not being able to conquer Temeşvar.{{sfn|Dávid|Fodor|1994|p=}}

The Eyalet of Temeşvar was formed in 1552, when the Hungarian castle of Temesvár defended by the troop of István Losonczy was finally captured by the Ottoman troops led by Kara Ahmed Pasha on July 26, 1552.Sadık Müfit Bilge, "Macaristan'da Osmanlı Hakimiyetinin ve İdarî Teşkilatının Kuruluşu ve Gelişmesi", Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi (OTAM), Sayı: 11 Sayfa: 033-081, 2000, [http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/19/1267/14566.pdf p. 59.] {{in lang|tr}}

The Eyalet was led by a vali (governor) or beylerbey (sometimes with position of pasha or vizir), whose residence was at the former Hunyadi Castle in Temeşvar (1552–1659 and 1693–1716), and also in Yanova (1659–1693).{{sfn|Kolçak|2020|p=77}}

It existed until 1716, when its territory was conquered by the Habsburg monarchy during the Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718). In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named the Banat of Temeswar.{{sfn|Dabić|2011|p=191–208}}

Image:Ottoman vojvodina01.png|The Eyalet of Temeşvar and Banate of Lugos and Karansebes in 1568

File:Elayet of temesvar.png|The Temeşvar Eyalet, mid-17th century

File:Eyalet of temesvar1699.png|The Eyalet of Temeşvar in 1699

File:Banat1700.jpg|Map from 1700 (Eyalet of Temeşvar depicted in red)

Numerous Balkan Muslims settled in the area, living mostly in the cities and associated with trade and administration. The Banat region was mainly populated by Rascians (Serbs) in the west,{{sfn|Pálffy|2021|p=85}} and Vlachs (Romanians) in the east. Thus, in some historical sources, the region of Banat was referred to as Rascia, while in others as Wallachia.{{sfn|Pálffy|2021|p=85}}

Upon creation in 1552, the Eyalet of Temeşvar was divided into these sanjaks:

• Sanjak of Tımışvar (Timișoara)
• Sanjak of Arad (seat transferred to Güle (Gyula) in 1566, thus being renamed as the Sanjak of Güle){{sfn|Dávid|1994|p=143–162}}
• Sanjak of Çanad (Cenad, formed by expanding the Sanjak of Beçkerek (Bečkerek/Zrenjanin that was initially created in 1551){{sfn|Káldy-Nagy|2000|p=}}{{sfn|Dávid|2000|p=287}}
• Sanjak of Lipva (Lipova)
• Sanjak of Modava (Moldova Nouă)

By the end of the 16th century new sanjaks were created:

• Sanjak of Pankota (Pâncota, created in 1565, seat transferred to Yanova (Ineu) in c. 1574){{sfn|Fodor|1999|p=67–86}}
• Sanjak of Orşova (Orșova)

During the 17th century additional sanjaks were created:

• Sanjak of Fenlak (Felnac)
• Sanjak of Çakova (Ciacova)
• Sanjak of Lagoş (Lugoj, created in 1658)
• Sanjak of Şebeş (Caransebeș, created in 1658)
• Sanjak of Pançova (Pančevo, mentioned in 1695)

Sanjaks of Güle, Yanova and Fenlak, and northern parts of the Çanad and Lipva sanjaks were transferred to Habsburg Monarchy after signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699).

{{expand list|date=March 2016}}

• Kazim-bey or Gazi Kasim-pasha (1552–1554)Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 151.
• Hasan-pasha (1594)Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 194.
• Sofi Sinan-pasha (1594)Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 195.
• Hasan-pasha, the younger (1594)Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 198.
• Mustafa Pasha ({{floruit}} July 1594)
• Dželalija Hasan-paša (1604–1605)
• Ahmed-paša Dugalić (1605–)
• Ibrahim-pasha (1687)Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 232.
• Ibrahim-pasha (1701-)Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 249.

{{col div}}

• History of Banat
• Banat of Temeswar
• Banate of Lugos and Karansebes
• Ottoman Hungary
• Ottoman Serbia
• Ottoman Romania

{{col div end}}

{{reflist|2}}

{{refbegin|2}}

• {{Cite journal|last=Bulboacă|first=Sorin|title=The Institution of Banat in the Banat of Lugoj and Caransebes in the XVIth-XVIIth Centuries|journal=Society and politics: Societate și politica|year=2011|volume=51|pages=88-97|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125152102/http://socpol.uvvg.ro/images/stories/2011-1/7.pdf}}
• {{Cite book|last=Dabić|first=Vojin S.|chapter=The Habsburg-Ottoman War of 1716–1718 and Demographic Changes in the War-Afflicted Territories|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=191–208|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3Sg_1wR4poC&pg=PA191}}
• {{Cite book|editor-last1=Dávid|editor-first1=Géza|editor-last2=Fodor|editor-first2=Pál|title=Hungarian-Ottoman Military and Diplomatic Relations in the Age of Süleyman the Magnificent|year=1994|location=Budapest|publisher=Loránd Eötvös University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-uBnAAAAMAAJ}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Dávid|first=Géza|title=The Sancakbegis of Arad and Gyula|journal=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|year=1994|volume=46|issue=1992–1993|pages=143–162|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23658445}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Dávid|first=Géza|title=The Eyalet of Temesvár in the Eighteenth Century|journal=Oriente Moderno|year=1999|volume=79|issue=18|pages=113–128|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25817595}}
• {{Cite book|last=Dávid|first=Géza|chapter=An Ottoman Military Career on the Hungarian Borders: Kasim Voyvoda, Bey, and Pasha|title=Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest|year=2000|location=Leden-Boston-Köln|publisher=Brill|pages=265–297|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9vom-ZAElcC&pg=PA265}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Fodor|first=Pál|title=Who should obtain the castle of Pankota (1565)? Interest groups and self-promotion in the mid-sixteenth-century Ottoman political establishment|journal=Turcica|year=1999|volume=31|pages=67–86|url=https://www.academia.edu/9686519}}
• {{Cite book|last=Káldy-Nagy|first=Gyula|title=A csanádi szandzsák 1567. és 1579. évi összeírása|year=2000|location=Szeged|publisher=Csongrád Megyei Levéltár|url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/CSOM_Dae_15}}
• {{Cite book|last=Kılıç|first=Orhan|title=18. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin İdari Taksimatı: Eyalet ve Sancak Tevcihatı|year=1997|location=Elazığ|publisher=Şark Pazarlama|url=https://www.academia.edu/19903381}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Kolçak|first=Özgür|title=Köprülü enterprises in Yanova ([Boros]Jenő/Ineu) and Varad ([Nagy]Várad/Oradea): Consolidating Ottoman power and accumulating family wealth (1657–1664)|journal=Archivum Ottomanicum|year=2020|volume=37|pages=69–86|url=https://www.academia.edu/72454737}}
• {{Cite book|last=Krstić|first=Aleksandar R.|chapter=The Emergence of “Sırf Vilâyeti”: Serbian Migrations to the Territory of Banat by the mid-16th Century and their Results|title=Migrations in the Slavic Cultural Space. From the Middle Ages to the Present Day|year=2022|location=Łódź|publisher=Łódź University Press|pages=95-111|chapter-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520061022/http://rih.iib.ac.rs/1200/1/A%20Krstic%2C%20Emergence%20of%20Sirf%20Vilayeti.pdf}}

{{refend}}

{{refbegin|2}}

• {{Cite book|last=Gavrilović|first=Slavko|chapter=Serbs in Hungary, Slavonia and Croatia in struggles against the Turks (15th–18th centuries)|title=Serbs in European Civilization|year=1993|location=Belgrade|publisher=Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies|pages=41–54|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ}}
• {{Cite book|last=Hegyi|first=Klára|chapter=The Ottoman Network of Fortresses in Hungary|title=Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest|year=2000|location=Leden-Boston-Köln|publisher=Brill|pages=163–193|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9vom-ZAElcC&pg=PA163}}

{{refend}}

{{Commonscat|Temeşvar Province, Ottoman Empire}}

• [http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/1600/1600_Southeast.html Province of Temeşvar in 1600 – Map]
• [http://www.euratlas.com/travel_time/europe_south_east_1700.html Province of Temeşvar in 1700 – Map]
• [http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3361/3657063110_1532418eb3.jpg Province of Temeşvar – Map]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20040308073040/http://www.sulinet.hu/eletmod/hogyantovabb/tovabbtanulas/elokeszito/tortenelem/6het/map.jpg Province of Temeşvar – Map]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20111127213612/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hu/0/05/Torokvilag.jpg Province of Temeşvar – Map]

{{Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Temesvar Eyalet}}

Category:Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Europe

Category:Ottoman period in Romania

Category:Ottoman Serbia

Category:Ottoman period in Hungary

Category:Ottoman history of Vojvodina

Category:History of Banat

Category:States and territories established in 1552

Category:1552 establishments in the Ottoman Empire

Category:1716 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire