Template:Infobox carbon

{{infobox element

|engvar ={{{engvar|}}}

|name =carbon

|symbol =C

|Z =6

|number =6

|abundance=

|abundance in earth's crust=

|abundance in oceans=

|abundance in solar system=

|left=boron

|right=nitrogen

|above=–

|below=Si

|appearance={{ubl|graphite: black, metallic-looking|diamond: clear}}

|image name=Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg

|electrons per shell=2, 4

|phase=

|density gpcm3nrt=graphite: 2.266

|density gpcm3nrt ref={{RubberBible86th}}

|density gpcm3nrt 2=diamond: 3.515

|density gpcm3nrt 3=amorphous: 1.8–2.1

|sublimation point K=3915

|sublimation point C=3642

|sublimation point F=6588

|triple point K=4600

|triple point kPa=10,800

|triple point ref={{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5|title=Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon|year=1976|author=Haaland, D|journal=Carbon|volume=14|pages=357–361|issue=6}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027|title=Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)|year=2005|author=Savvatimskiy, A|journal=Carbon|volume=43|pages=1115–1142|issue=6}}

|heat fusion=graphite: 117

|heat capacity=graphite: 8.517

|heat capacity 2=diamond: 6.155

|electronegativity=2.55

|number of ionization energies=6

|ionization energy 1=1086.5

|ionization energy 2=2352.6

|ionization energy 3=4620.5

|atomic radius=

|atomic radius calculated=

|covalent radius=sp³: 77 pm
sp²: 73 pm
sp: 69

|Van der Waals radius=170

|crystal structure=simple hexagonal

|crystal structure Pearson symbol=hP4

|crystal structure prefix=graphite:

|lattice constants=a = 246.14 pm
c = 670.94 pm
(at 20 °C){{cite book | last=Arblaster | first= John W. | title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements | publisher=ASM International | publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio | date=2018 | isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}

|crystal structure 2=diamond cubic

|crystal structure 2 Pearson symbol=cF8

|crystal structure 2 prefix =diamond:

|crystal structure 2 comment=

|lattice constant 2=a = 356.707 pm
(at 20 °C)

|magnetic ordering=diamagnetic[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

|electrical resistivity=graphite: 7.837

|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ

|electrical resistivity ref={{cite web|title=Material Properties- Misc Materials|url=https://www.nde-ed.org/GeneralResources/MaterialProperties/ET/ET_matlprop_Misc_Matls.htm|website=www.nde-ed.org|access-date=12 November 2016}}

|electrical resistivity at 0=

|electrical resistivity at 20=

|thermal conductivity=graphite: 119–165

|thermal conductivity 2=diamond: 900–2300

|thermal diffusivity=

|thermal expansion=

|thermal expansion at 25=diamond: 0.8

|thermal expansion at 25 ref=[http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Diamond Properties of diamond], Ioffe Institute Database

|speed of sound=

|speed of sound rod at 20=diamond: 18,350

|speed of sound rod at r.t.=

|magnetic susceptibility=diamond: {{val|−5.9|e=−6}}

|magnetic susceptibility ref= {{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=978-0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110}}

|tensile strength=

|Young's modulus=diamond: 1050

|Young's modulus ref=

|Shear modulus=diamond: 478

|Shear modulus ref=

|Bulk modulus=diamond: 442

|Bulk modulus ref=

|Poisson ratio=diamond: 0.1

|Poisson ratio ref=

|Mohs hardness=graphite: 1–2

|Mohs hardness 2=diamond: 10

|CAS number={{ubl|atomic carbon: 7440-44-0|graphite: 7782-42-5|diamond: 7782-40-3}}

|naming=from the Latin carbo for coal and charcoal

|predicted by=

|prediction date=

|discovered by=Egyptians and Sumerians{{cite web|url=http://www.caer.uky.edu/carbon/history/carbonhistory.shtml |title=History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky |publisher=Caer.uky.edu |access-date=2008-09-12}}

|discovery date=3750 BCE

|first isolation by=

|first isolation date=

|history comment label=Recognized as an element by

|history comment=Antoine Lavoisier{{cite web|author=Senese, Fred|date=2000-09-09|url=http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/discovery-of-carbon.shtml|title=Who discovered carbon?|publisher=Frostburg State University|access-date=2007-11-24}} (1789)

|QID=Q623

}}

Four of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

for the source CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
for the source by Haaland
for the Savvatimskiy
for the Ioffe Institute Database

Category:Templates that generate named references