Temple of Portunus

Image:PalladioWare1738FortunaVirilis.jpg, The Four Books of Andrea Palladio's Architecture, London, 1738]]

It is in the Ionic order and is by the ancient Forum Boarium by the Tiber. During Antiquity the site overlooked the Tiberine port at a sharp bend in the river; from here, Portunus watched over cattle barges as they entered the city from Ostia.{{cite book|author=John W. Stamper|title=The Architecture of Roman Temples: The Republic to the Middle Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qSP4ovkOTpoC&pg=PA62|date=16 February 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-81068-5|pages=62–}}

Image:Rome.Temple of Portunus.backside.JPG

The temple was originally built in the 3rd or 4th century BC and was rebuilt between 120 and 80 BC.{{cite web |url=http://www.wmf.org/project/temple-portunus |title=Temple of Portunus. |website=World Monuments Fund |year=2013 |access-date=30 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603073329/http://www.wmf.org/project/temple-portunus |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-06-03 }} The rectangular building consists of a tetrastyle portico and cella, raised on a high podium reached by a flight of steps, which it retains.{{cite book |author=Fred Kleiner |title=A History of Roman Art, Enhanced Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-r0S-z-UxkC&pg=PA7 |date=4 February 2010 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-90987-3 |page=7 }} Like the Maison Carrée in Nîmes, it has a pronaos portico of four Ionic columns across and two columns deep. The columns of the portico are free-standing, while the remaining five columns on the long sides and the four columns at the rear are half-columns engaged along the walls of the cella. This form is sometimes called pseudoperipteral, as distinct from a true peripteral temple like the Parthenon entirely surrounded by free-standing columns. The Ionic capitals are of the original form, different in the frontal and side views, except in the volutes at the corners, which project at 45°, a common Roman detail. It is built of tuff and travertine with a stucco surface.

If still in use by the 4th-century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. The temple owes its state of preservation to its being converted for use as a church in 872 and rededicated to Santa Maria Egiziaca (Saint Mary of Egypt).{{cite book |author=Amanda Claridge |title=Rome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKc4j1kkL0MC&pg=PT334 |date=5 August 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-150138-8 |page=334 }} Its Ionic order has been much admired, drawn and engraved and copied since the 16th century.{{cite book |author=Irma B. Jaffe |title=The Italian Presence in American Art, 1760–1860 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmMu8K1x08kC&pg=PA242 |date=1 January 1989 |publisher=Fordham University Press |isbn=978-0-8232-1249-1 |pages=242 }} The original coating of stucco over its tufa and travertine construction has been lost.

The circular Temple of Hercules Victor is south-east of the temple in the Forum Boarium.

The 18th century Temple of Harmony in Somerset, England is a folly based on the Temple of Portunus.

• {{annotated link|Temple of Saturn}}
• List of ancient monuments in Rome
• List of Ancient Roman temples

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| video1 =[http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/temple-of-portunus.html Smarthistory - Temple of Portunus, Rome, c. 120-80 B.C.E.]}}

• [http://www2.siba.fi/%7Ekkoskim/rooma/pages/PORTUNUS.HTM Temple of Portune]
• [http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/romanvirilis/virilis.html Mary Ann Sullivan, "Temple of Fortuna Virilis (Temple of Portunus)"]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20061231093935/http://wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/rome/t_fortuna_vir/section_contents.html Images of Temple of Fortuna Virilis (or Portunus)]
• [http://archeoroma.beniculturali.it/en/archaeological-site/temple-portunus-forum-boarium Description in the site of the "Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il MNR e l'Area Archeologica di Roma"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218102715/http://www.archeoroma.beniculturali.it/en/archaeological-site/temple-portunus-forum-boarium |date=2017-12-18 }}
• High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of [https://mcid.mcah.columbia.edu/art-atlas/ancient-and-early-christian-sites-rome/temple-portunus Temple of Portunus | Art Atlas]
• {{cite book |first=M. |last=Lucentini |title=The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City|date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Interlink |isbn=9781623710088 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laMDAQAAQBAJ}}

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Portunus

Portunus

Category:Rome R. XII Ripa

Category:1st-century BC religious buildings and structures

Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC

Category:Conversion of non-Christian religious buildings and structures into churches

Category:Deconsecrated Roman Catholic churches in Rome