Temple of Jupiter Stator (2nd century BC)
{{Short description|2nd century BC Roman temple on the campus Martius}}
{{See also|Temple of Jupiter Stator (3rd century BC)}}
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File:SoutherCircusFlaminiusInRomeByGismondi.jpg (north) and Jupiter Stator (south) in the Porticus Octaviae behind the Theater of Marcellus in Gismondi's model of imperial Rome at the Museum of Roman Civilization]]
File:Corinthian capital on Chiswick portico 2.jpg of Chiswick Villa, inspired by descriptions of the Temple of Jupiter Stator.]]
The Temple of Jupiter Stator ({{langx|la|Aedes Iovis Statoris}}; Jupiter the Sustainer), also known to the ancient Romans as the Metellan Temple of Jupiter ({{lang|la|Aedes Iovis Metellina}})Festus 363. and the Temple of Metellus ({{lang|la|Aedes Metelli}}),Pliny NH xxxvi.40; CIL vi.8708. was a temple dedicated to the Roman god Jupiter Stator.{{cite book |last1=O Hehir |first1=Brendan |last2=Dillon |first2=John M |title=A classical lexicon for Finnegans wake : a glossary of the Greek and Latin in the major works of Joyce, including Finnegans wake, the Poems, Dubliners, Stephen Hero, A portrait of the artist as a young man, Exiles, and Ulysses: APPENDIX A |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-03082-6 |pages=606–07 |url=http://images.library.wisc.edu/JoyceColl/EFacs/0000/0014/reference/joycecoll.ohehirclasslex.i0012.pdf}} It was located beside the Temple of Juno Regina in the Porticus Octaviae in the southern Campus Martius before its destruction in the AD 64 Great Fire of Rome.{{cite web |title=The Great Fire of Rome {{!}} Background {{!}} Secrets of the Dead {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/great-fire-rome-background/1446/ |website=Secrets of the Dead |date=29 May 2014}}
History
The Temple of Jupiter Stator was built by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus after his triumph in {{nowrap|146 BC}}. Vitruvius stated it was the work of Hermodorus of Salamis,Vitruvius, iii.2.5.RE viii.861‑862. and Velleius stated Metellus was the first to build a temple in Rome out of marble, presumably referring to this temple. It was a hexastyle peripteral building with six columns along the short sides and eleven on the long sides. The space between the columns was equal to that between the columns and the wall of the cella. The previous idea that an Ionic capital{{mdash}}now in S. Lorenzo Fuori le Mura{{mdash}}has anything to do with the temple has generally been abandoned.HJ 539, n87.
It was built beside M. Aemilius Lepidus's earlier Temple of Juno Regina ("Queen Juno") and enclosed with it inside the Porticus Metelli ("Portico of Metellus").Vitr. iii.2.5. As there were no inscriptions on the templesVell. loc. cit. and evidently representations of a lizard ({{langx|grc|σαύρα}}, saúra) and a frog ({{lang|grc|βάτραχος}}, bátrokhos) among the decorations, the legend arose that the architects were two Spartans named Saurus and Batrachus and that as the decorations in the temple of Jupiter belonged to that of Juno and vice versa, the statues of the deities had been set up in the wrong cellae by the mistake of the workmen.Pliny NH xxxvi.42‑43; RE iii.145. These were all near the Circus Flaminius in the southern Campus Martius.Macrobius iii.4.2; Hemer. Urb., CIL i2 p252, 339. Each temple was fronted by an altar ({{lang|la|ara}}) and Metellus placed Lysippus's equestrian statues of Alexander the Great's generals before these.Festus 363; Pliny NH xxxvi. 24, 34, 40.
Augustus rebuilt both temples and the portico as the Porticus Octaviae sometime after 27 BC. In 64 AD, the Great Fire of Rome ravaged much of the city, completely devastating three of and partially destroying seven of the city's fourteen districts. The Temple of Jupiter Stator was completely destroyed, along with the House of the Vestals, the Domus Transitoria (Nero's first palace), the Temple of Luna, and much of Rome.{{cite book |title=The great fire of Rome : life and death in the ancient city |isbn=978-1421433714|last1=Walsh |first1=Joseph J. |date=October 2019 }}
The exact site of the Temple of Jupiter Stator is known to have been used for the church of Santa Maria in Campitelli, with the Via della Tribuna di Campitelli running between it and the former site of the Temple of Juno Regina.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
{{Commons category|Temple of Jupiter Stator (Rome)}}
- [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Aedes_Jovis_Statoris.html Porticus Octaviae temple]
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