Tempo (Italian magazine)

Tempo was first published on 9 June 1939,{{cite web|title=1940s/1950s/Early 1960s Italian People's Magazines

|url=http://www.listal.com/list/1940s1950searly-1960s-italian-peoples-magazines|work=Listal|access-date=25 April 2015}}{{cite book|author=Guido Bonsaver|title=Censorship and Literature in Fascist Italy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJSrVdbAHwQC&pg=PA234

|year=2007|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-9496-4|page=234|location=Toronto}} being the first full colour illustrated Italian magazine. It was subtitled as Settimanale di politica, informazione, letteratura e arte ({{langx|it|Political, informational, literary and art weekly}}). The founding company was Mondadori. The magazine was modelled on the American magazines Life and Newsweek.{{cite book|author=Adam Arvidsson|title=Marketing Modernity: Italian Advertising from Fascism to Postmodernity|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|page=23

|location=New York|isbn=978-1138880023}}

The headquarters of Tempo was in Milan.{{cite journal|author=Gabriella Ciampi de Claricini|title=Topical weeklies in Italy

|journal=International Communication Gazette|doi=10.1177/001654926501100102|date=February 1965|volume=11|issue=1|pages=12–26

|s2cid=220894320}} By 1942 The magazine had editions published in eight different languages, including Albanian, Croatian, French, Greek, Rumanian, Spanish, German and Hungarian. The German edition existed between 1940 and 1943 and was also published by Mondadori.{{cite journal|author=Anna Antonello|title=The Milan-Hamburg axis: Italy for German readers (1940-1944)|year=2016|journal=Modern Italy|volume=21|issue=2|pages=125–126|s2cid=148426427|doi=10.1017/mit.2016.10|doi-access=free}}

On 8 September 1943 Tempo stopped publication following the occupation of northern Italy by German army during World War II. Mondadori sold the magazine to Aldo Palazzi in 1946.{{cite web|author=Sanna Kristiina Salo

|title=The propaganda discourses used by Oggi and Tempo in Italy during the right-wing power consolidation 1950-1953|work=University of Oulu

|access-date=27 April 2015|url=http://www.oulu.fi/sites/default/files/content/INTRODUCTION-Sanna%20Salo.pdf}} Then the magazine was relaunched and was both owned and published by Palazzi.{{cite journal|author=J. H. Schacht|title=Italian Weekly Magazines Bloom Wildly but Need Pruning|journal=Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly|date=March 1970|volume=47|issue=1|pages=138–141

|doi=10.1177/107769907004700119|s2cid=144061856}} During this period it held a centrist political stance. In the 1950s Tempo was less sentimental and adopted a progressive and secular political stance.{{cite journal|author=Jonathan Dunnage|title=Sicilian Bandits and the Italian state: Narratives about Crime and (in)Security in the Post-War Italian Press, 1948 – 1950|journal=Cultural and Social History|year=2022|volume=19|issue=2|pages=188,190|doi=10.1080/14780038.2021.2002500|s2cid=244294027}}

Tempo sold 500,000 copies in 1955 making it one of the most read magazines in Italy.{{cite journal|author1=Luisa Cigognetti|year=1996

|author2=Lorenza Servetti|title='On her side': female images in Italian cinema and the popular press, 1945–1955|journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television|volume=16|issue=4 |page=556|doi=10.1080/01439689600260541}} In the 1960s the magazine frequently carried political and news articles with moderate and conservative tones.{{cite journal|author=Laura Ciglioni

|title=Italian Public Opinion in the Atomic Age: Mass-market Magazines Facing Nuclear Issues (1963–1967)|journal=Cold War History|year=2017|volume=17|issue=3|pages=205–221|doi=10.1080/14682745.2017.1291633|s2cid=157614168}} In 1976 the magazine ceased publication.{{cite web|title=Publishing in Milan|work=Storie Milanesi|access-date=25 April 2015

|url=http://www.storiemilanesi.org/en/insight/editoria-milano/}}

Tempo was edited by Alberto Mondadori, son of Arnoldo Mondadori.{{cite journal|author=Ignazio Weiss|title=The Illustrated Newsweeklies in Italy|journal=International Communication Gazette|date=May 1960|volume=6|issue=2|pages=169–179|doi=10.1177/001654926000600207

|s2cid=144855215}}{{cite book|author1=David Forgacs|author2=Stephen Gundle|title=Mass Culture and Italian Society from Fascism to the Cold War|author-link=Stephen Gundle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rIZzodaZCYC&pg=PA103|year=2007|publisher=Indiana University Press

|isbn=978-0-253-21948-0|page=103|location=Bloomington, IN}} Indro Montanelli was the first editor-in-chief of the magazine. From its start in 1939 to September 1943 Bruno Munari served as the art director for the magazine and for another Mondadori title, Grazia.{{cite web|title=Bruno Munari: art director, 1943-1944|url=http://www.domusweb.it/en/from-the-archive/2012/03/24/bruno-munari-art-director-1943-1944.html|work=Domus|access-date=25 April 2015|date=24 March 2012}}{{cite journal

|author=Joan Roman Resina|title=Magazines, Modernity and War (review)|journal=Modernism/modernity|date=April 2011|volume=18|issue=2|page=460

|doi=10.1353/mod.2011.0034|s2cid=143889463 }} The early contributors for Tempo were Massimo Bontempelli, Curzio Malaparte, Lamberti Sorrentino, and Salvatore Quasimodo.{{cite web|title=La Rivista Tempo|work=Romano Archives|access-date=25 April 2015|url=http://romanoarchives.altervista.org/styled-8/index.html}} In the late 1960s Pier Paolo Pasolini was the editor of an advice column named Il caos (Italian: Chaos).{{cite book|author=Emma Baron|title=Popular High Culture in Italian Media, 1950–1970|year=2018|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Cham|isbn=978-3-319-90963-9|page=55|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-90963-9_3

|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90963-9_3}} The magazine also included the work by photographers John Philiphs who previously worked for Life, and Federico Patellani.

Major sections of the magazine included politics, news, literature and art. Although it was modeled on Life, unlike it Tempo covered much more political topics.{{cite magazine|author=Alessandro Colizzi|title=Milan's anarchic Modernist

|magazine=Eye Magazine|access-date=25 April 2015|date=Spring 2013|url=http://www.eyemagazine.com/feature/article/milans-anarchic-modernist}}

The cover of its 22nd issue (dated 16–22 June 1946) became the symbol of the freshly-proclaimed Italian Republic. The photo, taken by the magazine's photographer Federico Patellani (1911–1977), features a smiling young woman holding an issue of Corriere della Sera newspaper with the headline "È nata la repubblica Italiana" (Italian: The Italian republic is born), with her head sticking out through the newspaper.{{Citation|title=Tempo 15-06-1946|date=30 December 2017|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/79918201@N07/25520746748/|access-date=30 July 2022

|publisher=Flickr}} The woman was identified in 2016 as Anna Iberti (1922–1997), who at the time worked as a clerk in administration in the socialist newspaper Avanti!.{{Cite web|author=Bianca Petrucci|date=22 May 2021|title=The mystery behind the girl of the Repubblica|url=https://www.ilconfrontoquotidiano.com/post/the-mystery-behind-the-girl-of-the-repubblica|access-date=30 July 2022|work=Il Confronto Quotidiano}}{{Cite web|date=24 April 2016|title=Storia di Anna, la ragazza simbolo della Repubblica Italiana|language=it

|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cultura/2016/04/24/news/storia_di_anna_che_fece_l_italia-138343580/|access-date=30 July 2022|work=La Repubblica}}

In 1948 Tempo published the interview with the Italian bandit Salvatore Giuliano by the American journalist Michael Stern which was originally published in True magazine in 1947.

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Category:1939 establishments in Italy

Category:1976 disestablishments in Italy

Category:Arnoldo Mondadori Editore

Category:Conservative magazines published in Italy

Category:Defunct political magazines published in Italy

Category:Italian-language magazines

Category:Magazines established in 1939

Category:Magazines disestablished in 1976

Category:Magazines published in Milan

Category:Multilingual magazines

Category:News magazines published in Italy

Category:Weekly magazines published in Italy

Category:Weekly news magazines