Tempo Presente
{{Short description|Political magazine in Italy (1956–1967)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox magazine
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| editor = {{ubl|Ignazio Silone | Nicola Chiaromonte}}
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| category = Political magazine
| frequency = Monthly
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| publisher = Italian Association for Cultural Freedom
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| founded = 1956
| firstdate = April 1956
| finaldate = 1967
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| country = Italy
| based = Rome
| language = Italian
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Tempo Presente (Italian: Present Time) was a monthly political magazine which existed between 1956 and 1967 in Rome, Italy. It was supported by the Congress for Cultural Freedom which published other magazines, including Cuadernos, Encounter, Survey and Der Monat.{{cite book|author=Frances Stonor Saunders|title=The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters|year=2001|publisher=The New Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-56584-664-7
|pages=61,130,133|doi=10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101}}{{cite journal|author1=Edward Shils|author2=Peter Coleman
|title=Remembering the Congress of Cultural Freedom|year=2009|journal=Society|volume=46|issue=5|page=442|doi=10.1007/s12115-009-9243-4
|s2cid=142993096}}
History and profile
Tempo Presente was established in 1956 and published monthly in Rome by the Italian Association for Cultural Freedom.{{cite book|author=Andrew N. Rubin|title=Archives of Authority. Empire, Culture, and the Cold War|year=2012|publisher=Princeton University Press
|location=Princeton, NJ; Oxford|isbn=978-0-691-15415-2|pages=12,19|doi=10.1515/9781400842179.fm}}{{cite CiteSeerX|author=Scott Kamen
|title=Competing Visions: The CIA, the Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Non-Communist European Left, 1950-1967|citeseerx=10.1.1.832.597 |year=2008}} The Association was the Italian division of the Congress for Cultural Freedom.{{cite thesis|author=Chiara Morbi|title=Domestic political culture and US-Italian relations in the early Cold War: A new perspective of analysis|location=University of Birmingham|url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/8652/|degree=PhD|pages=213–215|year=2018}} The first issue of Tempo Presente appeared in April 1956{{cite journal|author=Andrea Scionti|title="I Am Afraid Americans Cannot Understand": The Congress for Cultural Freedom in France and Italy, 1950–1957|journal=Journal of Cold War Studies|date=Winter 2020|volume=22|s2cid=211147094|issue=1
|page=92|doi=10.1162/jcws_a_00927}} and declared that Tempo Presente was an international magazine.
Its editors were Ignazio Silone and Nicola Chiaromonte.{{cite journal|author=Irving Kristol|title=The Way We Were|journal=The National Interest|date=Fall 1989|issue=17|page=73|jstor=42896759}} The magazine featured articles published in other Congress magazines, including Cuadernos, Encounter, Der Monat and Preuves. They all covered significant cultural and political events which were used to show the superiority of Western-style democracy over other alternatives of government. However, each of these magazines had their own specific political stance mostly depending on the editors, and Tempo Presente adopted a left-wing approach.{{cite journal|author=Felix W. Tweraser|title=Paris Calling Vienna: The Congress for Cultural Freedom and Friedrich Torberg's Editorship of "Forum"|journal=Austrian Studies|year=2005|volume=13|jstor=27944766|pages=166,170}} Another distinctive feature of the magazine in contrast to other Congress magazines was its attempt to modify the transnational dimension of the cultural Cold War to local conditions of Italy.{{cite book|author1=Chiara Morbi|author2=Paola Carlucci|editor1=Giles Scott-Smith|editor2=Charlotte A. Lerg|title=Campaigning Culture and the Global Cold War|year=2017|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-59866-0|pages=127,130|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-59867-7_7|chapter=Beyond the Cold War: Tempo Presente in Italy|location=London}}
The major contributors of the monthly were leftist writers who did not support Communism: Italo Calvino, Vasco Pratolini, Libero de Libero, Albert Camus, Alberto Moravia, Leonardo Sciascia, Enzo Forcella, Nelo Risi, Elsa Morante, Altiero Spinelli, Giulio Guderzo, Giuliano Piccoli and Luciano Codignola. Some well-known international writers also contributed to Tempo Presente, including Dwight Macdonald, Hannah Arendt, Melvin J. Lasky, Richard Löwenthal, Mary McCarty, Daniel Bell, Lewis A. Coser, Joseph Buttinger, Michael Harrington, Irving Howe and Theodore Draper. In 1961 Tempo Presente featured a short story of the Yugoslav dissident writer Milovan Djilas entitled The War which led to its ban in Yugoslavia.{{cite journal|author1=Raymond B. Nixon|author2=Carter R. Bryan|title=The Press System of Yugoslavia: Communism with a Difference|date=June 1996|journal=Journalism Quarterly|volume=43|issue=2|page=295|doi=10.1177/107769906604300211
|s2cid=143690513}}
Tempo Presente could not develop close relations with other Italian publications which led to its isolation in the Italian political and cultural arena. The magazine experienced frequent conflicts with the leading periodicals of the period such as Il Ponte, Il Mulino and Il Mondo. Tempo Presente folded in 1967 due to the low levels of circulation.
References
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Category:1956 establishments in Italy
Category:1967 disestablishments in Italy
Category:CIA activities in Italy
Category:Congress for Cultural Freedom
Category:Defunct political magazines published in Italy
Category:Defunct Italian-language magazines
Category:Magazines established in 1956
Category:Magazines disestablished in 1967
Category:Magazines published in Rome
Category:Monthly magazines published in Italy