Ten-lanced nobles
The ten-lanced nobles ({{langx|hu|tízlándzsások}}), also Szepes lancers, Spiš lancers, or lance-bearers of Szepes (szepesi lándzsásnemesek) were group of conditional noblemen living in the Szepes region of the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Spiš in Slovakia).{{sfn|Zsótér|1994|p=393}} These nobles were previously part of the contingent assigned with border guard duties in the periphery of the conquered territories in the region.{{Cite book|title=Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300|last1=Berend|first1=Nora|last2=Urbańczyk|first2=Przemysław|last3=Wiszewski|first3=Przemysław|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521781565|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=470}} In the thirteenth century, some of these groups were officially integrated into the Hungarian nobility.{{Cite book|title=At the Gate of Christendom: Jews, Muslims and 'Pagans' in Medieval Hungary, C.1000 - C.1300|last=Berend|first=Nora|date=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521651859|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=102}} They received their privileges from King Béla IV of Hungary in 1243.{{sfn|Bartl|Čičaj|Kohútova|Letz|2002|p=32}} They were obliged to equip ten knights or lancers.{{sfn|Rady|2000|pp=86-87}} They were not subject to the authority of the ispán (or head) of Szepes County and tax was collected from them only if the "royal servants" (or noblemen) were also required to pay it. Initially, they formed about 40 families, but their number decreased to less than 20 families by the 16th century.{{sfn|Rady|2000|p=89}} They lost their special status in 1804.{{sfn|Rady|2000|p=89}}
References
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Sources
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- {{cite book |last1=Bartl |first1=Július |last2=Čičaj |first2=Viliam |last3=Kohútova |first3=Mária |last4=Letz |first4=Róbert |last5=Segeš |first5=Vladimír |last6=Škvarna |first6=Dušan |year=2002|title=Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon |publisher= Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo |isbn=0-86516-444-4}}
- {{cite book |last=Rady |first=Martyn |year=2000|title=Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary |publisher=Palgrave (in association with School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London) |isbn=0-333-80085-0}}
- {{cite book |last=Szeberényi |first=Gábor |editor1-last=Bagi |editor1-first=Dániel |editor2-last=Fedeles |editor2-first=Tamás |editor3-last=Kiss |editor3-first=Gergely |title="Köztes-Európa vonzásában". Ünnepi tanulmányok Font Márta tiszteletére |publisher=Kronosz Kiadó |year=2012 |pages=439–449 |chapter=Nemesi közösségek a Szepességben és Túrmezőn a 13–14. században (Szempontok a szepesi tízlándzsások és a turopoljei nemesek párhuzamának kérdéséhez) [Noble Communities in Scepusia and Turopolje in the 13th–14th Centuries (Some Aspects of Presumed Parallels in the History of Scepusian and Turopolje Nobility)]|isbn=978-615-5181-69-6|language=hu}}
- {{cite book |last=Zsótér |first=Rózsa |editor1-last=Kristó |editor1-first=Gyula |editor2-last=Engel |editor2-first=Pál |editor3-last=Makk |editor3-first=Ferenc | title=Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század) [Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th-14th centuries)] |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=1994 |pages=393–394 |chapter=Lándzsásnemes [Ten-lanced noble] |isbn=963-05-6722-9|language=hu}}
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Category:Conditional nobility (Kingdom of Hungary)
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