Teodoro Petkoff

{{Infobox Politician (general)

|name = Teodoro Petkoff

|image = Teodoro Petkoff Senate of Poland.jpg

|birth_name=Teodoro Petkoff Malec

|birth_date = {{birth date|1932|1|3|df=y}}

|birth_place = Bobures, Zulia State

|residence = Caracas

|death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2018|10|31|1932|1|3}}

|death_place = Caracas, Venezuela

|office = Minister of the Central Office of Coordination and Planning (Cordiplan)

|term_start = 1996

|term_end = 1999

|party = MAS

|religion =

|spouse =

| alma_mater = Central University of Venezuela

|profession= Politician, Journalist

}}

Teodoro Petkoff Malec ({{IPA|es|teoˈðoɾo peðˈkof maˈlek}}; 3 January 1932 – 31 October 2018) was a Venezuelan politician, economist and journalist. One of Venezuela's most prominent politicians on the left, Petkoff began as a communist but founded the democratic socialist Movement Toward Socialism party after the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. Petkoff was elected as senator and ran for the presidency twice in the 1980s, being defeated both times. As Minister of Planning, he oversaw President Rafael Caldera's adoption of liberalization economic policies in the mid-1990s.{{cite news |title=Venezuelan journalist Petkoff, ex-guerrilla leader, dies |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/venezuelan-guerrilla-leader-journalist-petkoff-dies-58881997 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181101004303/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/venezuelan-guerrilla-leader-journalist-petkoff-dies-58881997 | archivedate = 1 November 2018|accessdate=1 November 2018 |agency=ABC News / Associated Press |date=31 October 2018}} He was a prominent critic of President Hugo Chávez and was a candidate to run against him in the 2006 presidential election until he dropped out four months before the vote to support Manuel Rosales. Petkoff launched the newspaper Tal Cual in 2000 and remained its editor until his death in 2018.

Life and career

=Early years=

His father was a Bulgarian emigrant and his mother was a Pole of Jewish origin. He received a Bachelor degree in Economics from the Central University of Venezuela (UCV) where he also served as a professor for 14 years. In the 1950s he was member of the student resistance against the dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez and was imprisoned on several occasions. In the 1960s, along with his brother Luben Petkoff he was a guerrilla fighter under the command of Douglas Bravo against the government of Rómulo Betancourt. Later, he joined the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV).{{cite news |title=Teodoro Petkoff, "La importancia de la democracia como ideal para vivir |url=https://albertonews.com/politica/teodoro-petkoff-la-importancia-de-la-democracia-como-ideal-para-vivir/ |accessdate=4 November 2018 |agency=Alberto News |date=31 October 2018|language=es-ES}}

In 1971, Petkoff left the PCV to found, along with other dissidents, the Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), after the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. He was a member of Congress and twice an unsuccessful candidate for president, gaining 4% in the 1983 presidential election and 3% in the 1988 presidential election.

=Minister of Rafael Caldera=

In the second government of Rafael Caldera (1994-1999), MAS was in coalition with the centrist National Convergence party of Caldera, along with other left-wing parties such as the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV) and the MEP, and other right-wing parties as the National Movement of Integration. Petkoff served as Minister of the Central Office of Coordination and Planning (Cordiplan), directing the government's economic policies. From Cordiplan, Petkoff managed the Venezuela Agenda, a neo-liberal government program for reducing the size of the public administration, controlling inflation and stopping the currency devaluation, while administering social programs aimed at improving the population's nutritional health and providing "children-mother" services for the poorest.

=Opponent of Hugo Chávez=

In 1998, Petkoff left the MAS because he was against its support of Hugo Chávez's candidacy (see [http://200.44.123.155/1998/07/03/pais/pais1.html]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) in the 1998 Presidential election. He left the political world and became a journalist, working as a director of El Mundo. Afterward, he founded his own newspaper, Tal Cual. Tal Cual has been outspoken in its criticism of both Chavismo and those who supported the 2002 coup attempt against Chávez.

File:Teodoro Petkoff 16.jpg

Petkoff wrote several political books. In 2005 he published The Two Lefts (Las dos izquierdas, Alfadil Editor, Hogueras Collection) where he analyzed the resurgence of left-wing politics in Latin America. Petkoff argued that there was a sharp difference between the governments of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Néstor Kirchner, and Ricardo Lagos, compared to the governments of Chávez and Castro, which he characterises as similar. The main ideas can be read in an article published in the journal New Society (Nueva Sociedad) in Spanish.see [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213143643/http://www.nuevasoc.org.ve/upload/anexos/actualidad_61.pdf Las dos izquierdas]

On 21 April 2006, after rumours indicating that a number of intellectuals and middle-class liberal activists had asked him to run in the 2006 Presidential election, Teodoro Petkoff launched his campaign to be the next president of Venezuela. In a short televised message he explained his reasons and asked Venezuelans to follow his lead in the construction of what he described as a new, better Venezuela. On 4 August 2006, Petkoff dropped out of the presidential race. Five days after dropping out of the race, he endorsed Manuel Rosales, former governor of Zulia State, for the presidency.

In July 2008 the Inter-American Dialogue published a paper by Petkoff about Venezuela under Chávez, saying "Chávez's Venezuela is a Bonapartist democracy of sorts, a one-of-a-kind 'dictatorship.' He aims to make the armed forces the institutional base of his power."{{cite web|last=Petkoff|first=Teodoro|title=A Watershed Moment in Venezuela|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/A%20Watershed%20Moment%20in%20Venezuela%20-%20Teodoro%20Petkoff%20(July%202008).pdf|work=The Dialogue|accessdate=23 May 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923070328/http://www.thedialogue.org/PublicationFiles/A%20Watershed%20Moment%20in%20Venezuela%20-%20Teodoro%20Petkoff%20(July%202008).pdf|archivedate=23 September 2014}}

In an October 2012 interview, Petkoff noted that while Venezuela under Chávez retained certain democratic institutions, such as political parties and the electoral process, he described other aspects of democracy, such as "the full exercise of freedom of expression," as being "very beleaguered" under Chávez. He said that "Chávez has more fascist than socialist elements, unless we speak of Stalinism: the cult of violence and death, contempt for opponents, singing to the past, and so on."{{cite web|last=Cordero|first=Jaime|title=Teodoro Petkoff: "Chávez es un psicópata, que no es lo mismo que un loco"|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1517544-teodoro-petkoff-chavez-es-un-psicopata-que-no-es-lo-mismo-que-un-loco|work=La Nación|accessdate=23 May 2013}}

=Personal life=

On 12 May 2012, Petkoff and his wife were mugged by an armed man on a motorcycle after leaving a Caracas restaurant.{{cite web|title=Motorizado atracó a Teodoro Petkoff en Los Palos Grandes|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/sucesos/120514/motorizado-atraco-a-teodoro-petkoff-en-los-palos-grandes|work=El Universal|accessdate=23 May 2013}} In December 2012, while on the island of Margarita, Petkoff suffered a fall and sustained injuries that required surgery.{{cite web|title=Teodoro Petkoff fue operado este jueves en Margarita Leer mas en: http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/politica/teodoro-petkoff-fue-operado-de-la-cadera-este-juev.aspx#ixzz2UAuzKZZ3|url=http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/politica/teodoro-petkoff-fue-operado-de-la-cadera-este-juev.aspx|work=Ultimas Noticias|accessdate=23 May 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194735/http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/politica/teodoro-petkoff-fue-operado-de-la-cadera-este-juev.aspx|archivedate=4 March 2016}} Petkoff died on 31 October 2018.

Works

"Checoslovaquia: El Socialismo como problema". (Monte Ávila Editores: 1969,1990) {{ISBN|980-01-0295-7}}
"¿Socialismo para Venezuela?" (Editorial Domingo Fuentes: 1970).
"Razón y pasión del socialismo: el tema socialista en Venezuela" (Editorial Domingo Fuentes: 1973)
"Proceso a la izquierda: O de la falsa conducta revolucionaria." (Planeta: 1976) {{ISBN|84-320-2509-7}}
"Del optimismo de la voluntad: Escritos políticos" (Centauro: 1987) {{ISBN|980-263-073-X}}
"Por qué hago lo que hago" (Alfadil: 1997) {{ISBN|980-354-050-5}}
(with Raúl Huizzi) "Venezuela en la encrucijada" (Universidad de los Andes: 1998) {{ISBN|980-11-0280-2}}
"Una segunda opinión: La Venezuela de Chávez: un libro hablado con Ibsen Martínez y Elías Pino Iturrieta." (Grijalbo: 2000) {{ISBN|980-293-211-6}}
"Hugo Chávez, tal cual" (Catarata: 2000) {{ISBN|84-8319-142-3}}
"Las Dos Izquierdas" (Alfadil: 2005) {{ISBN|980-354-170-6}}
"The two lefts: A new South-American revolution" Published by Matthew Clark and Daniel Petkoff 2006
"El chavismo como problema" (Libros Marcados: 2010) {{ISBN|980-6933-71-0}}
"El chavismo al banquillo: Pasado, presente y futuro de un proyecto político" (Editorial Planeta: 2011) {{ISBN|978-958-42-2581-8}}

References

External links

Romero, Simon. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/world/americas/01petkoff.html?ex=1309406400&en=e5051bcb397adf43&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss A Former Guerrilla Reinvents Himself as a Candidate.] New York Times (1 July 2006).
[http://www.talcualdigital.com/ Newspaper Tal Cual] {{in lang|es}}

Category:1932 births

Category:2018 deaths

Category:Central University of Venezuela alumni

Category:Politicians from Zulia

Category:Venezuelan people of Bulgarian descent

Category:Venezuelan people of Polish-Jewish descent

Category:20th-century Venezuelan economists

Category:Government ministers of Venezuela

Category:Communist Party of Venezuela politicians

Category:Movement for Socialism (Venezuela) politicians

Category:Members of the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies

Category:Venezuelan guerrillas