The Callahans and the Murphys

In 1927, screenwriter Frances Marion wanted to create a vehicle for a comeback for her friend Marie Dressler, a vaudevillian who had not made a film since 1918. She found Kathleen Norris's The Callahans and the Murphys, a lighthearted 1922 novel about the fraught relationship between two Irish-American families.{{cite book |title=The Callahans and the Murphys |date=1924 |orig-year=1922 |publisher=Doubleday, Page & Co |location=Garden City, New York |edition=First |url=https://archive.org/details/callahansmurphys0000kath/page/n7}} The story contained little filmable material so Marion kept the idea of rival Irish matrons and wrote an essentially original story for the screen.Walsh 1990 p. 33; Marion 1972 p. 153

Mrs. Callahan (Dressler) and Mrs. Murphy (Moran), are a couple of feuding tenement housewives working to keep control of their many children. Dan Murphy (Gray) falls in love with Ellen Callahan (O'Neill), and then later disappears after Ellen is pregnant. Mrs. Callahan (Dressler) decides to adopt the baby to save her daughters reputation, but finally finds out that Dan and Ellen were secretly married all along.

• Marie Dressler as Mrs. Callahan
• Polly Moran as Mrs. Murphy
• Sally O'Neil as Ellen Callahan
• Lawrence Gray as Dan Murphy
• Eddie Gribbon as Jim Callahan
• Frank Currier as Grandpa Callahan
• Gertrude Olmstead as Monica Murphy
• Turner Savage as Timmy Callahan
• Jackie Combs as Terrance Callahan
• Anne Shirley as Mary Callahan (credited as Dawn O'Day)
• Monty O'Grady as Michael Callahan
• Tom Lewis as Mr. Murphy

The preview screening was positive. Initial reviews in The New York Times{{cite news |title=The Screen; A Roughhouse Comedy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/07/12/archives/a-roughhouse-comedy.html?searchResultPosition=4 |access-date=29 June 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=12 July 1927 |page=29 c. 3}} and Variety{{cite journal |title=Film Reviews; The Callahans and the Murphys |journal=Variety |date=13 July 1927 |volume=87 |issue=13 |page=22 |url=https://archive.org/details/variety87-1927-07/page/n76 |location=New York City}} regarded the film as a well-made if uninventive example of stage Irish slapstick and sentimentality.

Screenings in cities with large Irish-American communities were soon disrupted by protests against perceived anti-Irish sentiment, especially scenes of women drinking and fighting. Some protests were spontaneous, others orchestrated by organizations like the Ancient Order of Hibernians. A second round of protests alleged anti-Catholic sentiment, including mocking depictions of Saint Patrick's Day, the sign of the cross, and the crucifix.Couvares 1992 pp. 602, 605 Some saw the film as a Jewish Hollywood attack on Catholicism, others an attack on the Al Smith presidential campaign.Wilson p. 123 Patrick Ford's The Irish World newspaper condemned the film for portraying the Irish as "drunken, vulgar and indecent".{{cite journal |last1=Hanley |first1=Brian |title=The Irish World, FDR and the Great Depression |journal=New York Irish History |date=2003 |volume=17}}

The backlash surprised the studio, which pointed out that the novelist, producer and stars all had Irish heritage.Marion 1972 p. 157 Producer Eddie Mannix consulted Irving Thalberg, Will H. Hays and Jason Joy about how to respond. Repeated cuts were made in response to specific complaints. Intertitles were changed, the opener from "Goat Alley is a section where a courteous gentleman always takes off his hat before striking a lady" to "This is the story of the Callahans and the Murphys … both of that fast-fading old school families to whom the world is indebted for the richest and rarest of wholesome fun and humor". Marion suggesting changing the title to The Browns and the Jones. Amid continued protests, the film was withdrawn from circulation.

File:The Callahans and the Murphys (1927) excerpt.webm

There are no complete prints of The Callahans and the Murphys located in any film archives.{{cite web |url=https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.1708/ |access-date=18 March 2024 |work=The Library of Congress / FIAF American Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog |title=The Callahans And The Murphys / George Hill [motion picture] |date=1927 }} It was until recently considered a lost film.{{cite web |url=http://www.thegreatstars.com/lost_film_wanted.htm |title=The Callahans and the Murphys |work=TheGreatStars.com; Lost Films Wanted |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225003106/http://www.thegreatstars.com/lost_film_wanted.htm |access-date=July 19, 2018 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2014-12-25 }}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/15/movies/silent-film-irish-callahans-muphys.html |title=Down the Rabbit Hole in Search of a Few Frames of Irish American History |work=The New York Times |date=15 March 2024 |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |access-date=18 March 2024 }}

Two 16 mm rolls with excerpts from the film are known to exist.{{cite press release |url=https://ifi.ie/2024/03/excerpts-of-lost-1920s-silent-film-the-callahans-and-the-murphys-discovered-by-ifi-irish-film-archive/ |title=Excerpts of Lost 1920s Silent Film 'The Callahans and the Murphys' discovered by IFI Irish Film Archive |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=16 March 2024 }} One is in the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center of the Library of Congress, while the other was discovered in 2024 in the Irish Film Archive, stored under the title An Irish Picnic. Both have been restored and published online, the latter including expository notes for gaps in the narrative. The Library of Congress excerpt (2 minutes 46 seconds) shows a dispute over a borrowed cup of sugar.{{cite web |title=[The Callahans and the Murphys--excerpt] |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2024600504/ |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=29 June 2024 |location=Washington, D.C.}} The Irish Film Archive excerpt (5 minutes 23 seconds) is abridged from the controversial Saint Patrick's Day picnic scene.{{cite web |work=Irish Film Archive |publisher=Irish Film Institute |url=https://ifiarchiveplayer.ie/callahans-murphys/ |title=Excerpt from 'The Callahans and the Murphys' |date=10 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 }}

• List of lost films

• {{cite journal |last1=Couvares |first1=Francis G. |title=Hollywood, Main Street, and the Church: Trying to Censor the Movies Before the Production Code |journal=American Quarterly |date=1992 |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=584–616 |doi=10.2307/2713216 |jstor=2713216 |issn=0003-0678}}
• {{cite book |last1=Marion |first1=Frances |title=Off with their heads: A serio-comic tale of Hollywood |date=1972 |publisher=Macmillan |location=New York |pages=153–157 |url=https://archive.org/details/offwiththeirhead00mari/page/153 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive }}
• {{cite journal |last1=Walsh |first1=Francis R. |title=‘The Callahans and the Murphys' (MGM, 1927): a case study of Irish-American and Catholic Church censorship |journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television |date=January 1990 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=33–45 |doi=10.1080/01439689000260021}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Leslie Kreiner |title=The Education of Frances Marion and Irving Thalberg: Censorship, Development, and Distribution at MGM, 1927–1930 |journal=Quarterly Review of Film and Video |date=January 2014 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=123–135 |doi=10.1080/10509208.2011.606411}}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://ifiarchiveplayer.ie/callahans-murphys/ Excerpt from 'The Callahans and the Murphys'] viewable on the Irish Film Archive website
• {{AFI film|1386}}
• {{IMDb title|0017730}}

{{George Hill}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Callahans And The Murphys}}

Category:1927 films

Category:1927 comedy films

Category:1927 lost films

Category:Silent American comedy films

Category:American silent feature films

Category:American black-and-white films

Category:1920s English-language films

Category:Films directed by George Hill

Category:Lost American comedy films

Category:English-language comedy films

Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films

Category:Films based on American novels

Category:1920s American films

Category:Anti-Irish sentiment

Category:Anti-Catholicism