The Jewish Gauchos
{{Short description|Argentine novel about Jewish colonization in rural argentina}}
{{Infobox book|
| name = Los Gauchos Judíos
| title_orig = Los Gauchos Judíos
| translator =
| image = Los Gauchos Judíos novel cover.jpeg
| image_size = 200
| alt =
| caption = Cover to a 2003 edition of the novel
| author = Alberto Gerchunoff
| cover_artist =
| country = Argentina
| language = Spanish
| publisher = La Nación (first, serial, edition in original Spanish)
| pub_date = 1910
| english_pub_date = 1959
| media_type = Print
| pages =
| isbn = 9872074801
| dewey = A863.01
| congress =
| oclc = 654629860
}}
The Jewish Gauchos, (Los Gauchos Judíos in Spanish, and published in English as The Jewish Gauchos of the Pampas) is a novel of Ukrainian-born Argentine writer and journalist Alberto Gerchunoff, who is regarded as the founder of Jewish literature in Latin America.Hussar, James A. (2008). [http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03182008-110204/unrestricted/HussarJA032008.pdf "Cycling through the pampas: fictionalized accounts of Jewish agricultural colonization in Argentina and Brazil"], University of Notre Dame, pag. 8. Gerchunoff published the work in 1910, during the celebrations of Argentina's May Revolution centennial. The Encyclopaedia Judaica states that The Jewish Gauchos is the first Latin American literary piece depicting Jewish immigration to the New World, and the first literary work written in Spanish by a Jewish author in modern times.Encyclopaedia Judaica, Tomo 7, pp. 434-435 The novel ranks 35th in the "Jewish Cannon", which lists the best 100 books of modern Jewish Literature.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2009-02-04|title=El canon judío La lista de las 100 mayores obras de la moderna literatura judía Egon Friedler|url=http://letras-uruguay.espaciolatino.com/friedler/canon_judio_la_lista.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204164454/http://letras-uruguay.espaciolatino.com/friedler/canon_judio_la_lista.htm|archive-date=2009-02-04|access-date=2020-12-31|language=es}}
Background
The first Jewish families arrived in Argentina in October 1888. In August 1889, the Jewish Colonization Association established by Maurice de Hirsch bought lands for Jewish farmers coming from Imperial Russian and Romania, mainly from the regions of Bessarabia and Podolia.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Biografías: El Barón Mauricio Hirsch|url=http://www.bassoenlared.com.ar/biografias/bHisrcha.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.bassoenlared.com.ar}}
Jewish agricultural settlements were established in the provinces of Buenos Aires (Lapin, Rivera), Entre Ríos (San Gregorio, Villa Domínguez, Carmel, Ingeniero Sajaroff, Villa Clara, and Villaguay),{{in lang|es}} [http://www.turismoentrerios.com/basavilbaso/turismocultural.htm Circuito Histórico de las Colonias Judías] and Santa Fe (Moisés Ville). The national census of 1895 recorded that, of the 6,085 people who identified as Jewish, 3,880 (about 64%) lived in Entre Ríos.{{cite web|title=Entre Ríos|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0006_0_05981.html|access-date=2014-01-05|publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}
= Author's background =
Gerchunoff's family immigrated to Argentina in 1889, and settled in the Jewish agricultural colony of Moïseville, now Moisés Ville, Santa Fe. His father, Rab Gershon ben Abraham Gerchunoff was murdered by a rogue gaucho (gaucho matrero) on 12 February 1891. After a few months the family moved to Rajil, another Jewish settlement near Villaguay, Entre Ríos. He moved to Buenos Aires in 1895, where he worked as journalist in the nationwide newspaper La Nación. Gerchunoff was the founder and first president of the Argentine Writers' Association and was active in politics.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Gerchunoff, Alberto|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/gerchunoff-alberto|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org|language=es}}
The novel
The Jewish Gauchos was first published in La Nación, in instalments which included originally 24 tales. Another two were added in 1936. The novel, full of autobiographical references from the author's childhood,{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=30 May 2010|title=Página/12 :: libros|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/libros/10-3857-2010-05-30.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-11|website=www.pagina12.com.ar|language=es}} has been read as a utopic vision of the agrarian life of the Jewish immigrants in Argentina, with a strong resemblance of the biblical "Promised Land",{{Cite web|last=Maisuls|first=Guido|date=21 May 2010|title="La epopeya de los gauchos judíos" {{!}} Plural JAI|url=http://www.pluraljai.com.ar/articulos/opinion/maisuls/21-05-2010/bicentenario|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.pluraljai.com.ar|language=es}} but has also bore criticism from later generations for its "intent to show that the return to agriculture was creating a new harmonious Jew who would enjoy full acceptance in Argentina". Jorge Luis Borges praised Gerchunoff for the oral roots of his narrative.{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=8 April 2020|title=Un Escritor Entrerriano que nació en Rusia|work=Chajarí digital|url=https://www.chajarialdia.com.ar/?p=101570|access-date=11 February 2021}} Critic Perla Sneh says that Gerchunoff's mix of Judaeo-Spanish with the traditional gauchoesque dialect created "an improbable Gaucho literature of the exile".{{Cite book|last1=Gerchunoff|first1=Alberto|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8fa-0JX-M2MC&q=%22gauchesca+de+un+desterrado%22&pg=PA21|title=Los gauchos judíos: El hombre que habló en la Sorbona|last2=Sneh|first2=Perla|publisher=Ediciones Colihue SRL|year=2007|isbn=978-950-563-914-4|location=|pages=21|language=es}} She also compares The Jewish Gauchos with Sarmiento's Facundo, in the sense that both novels combine narrative, history and politics.{{Cite book|last1=Gerchunoff|first1=Alberto|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8fa-0JX-M2MC&q=%22lectura+de+especialistas%3B+ambos+navegan+entre+la+narraci%C3%B3n%22&pg=PA23|title=Los gauchos judíos: El hombre que habló en la Sorbona|last2=Sneh|first2=Perla|publisher=Ediciones Colihue SRL|year=2007|isbn=978-950-563-914-4|location=|pages=23|language=es}}
The Jewish Gauchos (Los Gauchos Judíos) was translated to English by Abelard-Schuman as "The Jewish Gauchos of the Pampas", first published in 1959.{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=2004|title=Yiddish and Contemporary Argentine Literature|url=|journal=Modern Jewish Studies Annual|volume=14-15|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OWArAQAAIAAJ&q=%22the+Jewish+Gauchos+of+the+Pampas%22+1959 25]|via=}} There is a 1975 Argentine film based upon Gerchunoff work, Los Gauchos Judíos, directed by Juan José Jusid and starred José Soriano, Ginamaria Hidalgo and Víctor Laplace.{{Citation|last=Jusid|first=Juan José|title=Los gauchos judíos|date=1975-05-22|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071538/|type=Comedy, Musical, Drama|others=Pepe Soriano, Dora Baret, Víctor Laplace, Jorge Barreiro|publisher=Film Cuatro|access-date=2020-12-31}}
See also
References
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Category:Argentine novels adapted into films