The Oregonian Building

The Oregonian began publication in 1850, and in 1878 its office and printing facilities moved to a then-new brick building at the intersection of Front and Stark streets.A Landmark Vanished; Demolition of old 'Oregonian' Building, Erected in 1850". (September 25, 1887). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 2. That building and its wooden predecessor were referred to as the Oregonian Building, during their periods as the newspaper's headquarters, and this pattern continued with successor buildings. In 1890, the Oregonian Publishing Company began construction of a much larger headquarters building, to accommodate the paper's continuing expansion. The new Oregonian Building was located at the intersection of Southwest Sixth and Alder streets, northwest corner. The building's nine-story main portion was {{convert|134|ft|m|abbr=on}} high, but extending for another 60 feet above was a tower with a smaller floor area and a large clock (with faces on all four sides) above the 11th floor.{{cite book|last=Korom|first=Joseph J.|title=The American Skyscraper, 1850–1940: A Celebration of Height|year=2008|publisher=Branden Books|location=Wellesley, Massachusetts|isbn=9780828321884|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JVzYO1TyZ6AC/page/n171 172]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JVzYO1TyZ6AC|quote=Oregonian Building.}} The building's overall height of {{convert|194|ft|m|abbr=on}}"Oregonian Building Said Most Fireproof On Coast, Ahead of Its Time, When Built". (October 5, 1947). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 16. made it the tallest structure in Portland, a distinction it retained until the completion of the Yeon Building in 1911. It was "the first steel-framed skyscraper west of Chicago" when built.{{cite book|last=Langmead|first=Donald|title=Icons of American Architecture: From the Alamo to the World Trade Center|year=2009|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313342073|page=253|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTh8b2cyGBcC&q=%22Oregonian+Building%22&pg=PA253}} Its footprint was {{convert|100|x|100|ft|m}}, and it contained roughly {{convert|100,000|ft2|m2}} of floor space, including the basement but not the tower.

The building was designed by James W. Reid and Merritt J. Reid, of the Reid Brothers firm. Otto Kleemann served as a consulting architect.Scott, Jess (April 1, 1973). "Drive aimed at preserving St. Patrick's". The Sunday Oregonian, "SunDAY" section, p. 4. The design was Romanesque Revival, with touches of Richardsonian Romanesque style. Above the clock was "an open belfry with balconies", where the bells for the clock were located."Will Soon Move; 'The Oregonian' to Be Issued in a Few Days From the New Building". (January 2, 1892). The Morning Oregonian, p. 6. The clock was made by E. Howard & Co.Ewing, Paul F. (July 31, 1948). "Clock Wins Hands Down". The Oregonian, p. 1. Excerpt: "The clock in the tower of the old Oregonian Building, a landmark in Portland since 1892, stopped at 12:30 p.m. Friday—and it won't be started again in that location, the building's new owners said". and cost $1,845.{{cite news |last1=Crombie |first1=Noelle |title=Rare tower clock needs new home; The 1892 relic, known as the No. 4 striker, is leaving its longtime exhibit at OMSI |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2019/01/rare-1892-tower-clock-long-an-exhibit-at-omsi-looking-for-new-home-in-portland.html |accessdate=2019-02-13 |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=January 28, 2019 |orig-year=online date January 23 |page=A1}} The first two stories were surfaced in red sandstone (from Flagstaff, Arizona), and buff brick and terra cotta covered the stories above. The main entrance, on Alder Street, was finished in light-rose marble, and the interior made extensive use of Italian white marble on the first floor and main stairway."Building Activity: Fine Structures Built in 1892; Record for Ten Months–'The Oregonian's' New Home, Work on New City Hall". (November 4, 1892). The Morning Oregonian, p. 8.

The newspaper moved most of its staff into the new building in mid-January 1892, but with some departments using temporary locations within the building,"The 'Oregonian' Moves; Now Located in Temporary Quarters in the New Building". (January 16, 1892). The Morning Oregonian, p. 5. as the interior was not finished until a few months later, and the last work on the uppermost floors was not completed until 1893.Lundy, Herbert (May 30, 1948). "Years Write '30' At 6th & Alder; Growing City, Mushroomed Operations Force Retirement as Printing Plant of Oregonian's 56-Year-Old Building". The Sunday Oregonian, Sunday Magazine section, pp. 1, 4, 5. New, more modern printing presses, made by R. Hoe & Company, were installed in the building's basement, so there was no need to relocate the presses from the old location. After completion of the building, some of the space was made available for lease to other businesses. Tenants included a drug store, a shoe store, a tailor, an optical store and a barber shop, along with offices of professional firms such as the Equitable Life Assurance Company. When the building opened, its site was well west of the central business district, but within a few decades, expansion of downtown had shifted the center westwards.

File:Portland, Oregon, in 1898 - Herbert A. Hale.jpg

From October 1892 until June 1902, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's official weather recording station for Portland was located in the Oregonian Building."Hoover, Helen (April 15, 1951). "You Say Portland Climate Undergoing Change? Weather Tables Present Contrary Argument". The Sunday Oregonian, Section 1, p. 31. The U.S. Weather Bureau was located in the building's tower, and was the first occupant of that portion of the Oregonian Building.

In addition to The Morning Oregonian newspaper, the Oregonian also owned the Evening Telegram, and that paper was published from the 1892 building until the company sold it in 1914 to Wheeler Brothers. The Oregonian Building lost its status as Portland's tallest building in 1911, when the {{convert|198|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} Yeon Building was completed.

A jewelry store, Jaeger Brothers, that had occupied a portion of the ground floor was displaced in the early 1920s when the newspaper needed room for a new three-story printing press made by Goss, which came into use in 1923. In 1930, a huge neon sign measuring {{convert|90|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall by {{convert|11.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide and reading "The Oregonian" was attached to the building, on the corner at Sixth and Alder streets. The sign's manufacturer, Electrical Products Corporation, of Los Angeles, expressed the belief that it was the largest of its kind in the U.S. at the time."Large, Flashing Neon Sign To Advertise The Oregonian". (July 30, 1930). The Oregonian, p. 5.

In 1922, the Oregonian Publishing Company launched Portland's first commercial radio station to feature regular broadcasting, KGW (620 AM). It was the first newspaper on the West Coast to own and operate its own radio station."KGW To Celebrate Tenth Anniversary". (March 20, 1932). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 1. The broadcast studios were located on the 11th floor,[http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83045782/1922-11-19/ed-1/seq-1/ "Powerful Radio To Serve 100,000; The Oregonian New Plant Completed"]. (November 19, 1922). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 1. in the building's tower, and the transmitter was on the 13th floor, above the large clock.{{cite web|title=KGW [history of]|url=http://www.pdxhistory.com/html/kgw_radio.html|publisher=PdxHistory.com|accessdate=2014-05-25}} The first test broadcast was made on March 23, 1922,[http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83025138/1922-03-24/ed-1/seq-5/ "The Oregonian Test of Radio Makes Hit"]. (March 24, 1922). The Morning Oregonian, p. 5. and regular broadcasting began on March 25. Initially, the aerials were attached to the 60-foot flagpole atop the building's roof,[http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83045782/1922-03-19/ed-1/seq-1/ "Radio Is Installed By The Oregonian"]. (March 19, 1922). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 1. but later the same year, the station upgraded its signal with larger, more powerful equipment.[http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83045782/1922-10-08/ed-1/seq-78/ "The Oregonian Will Install Gigantic Radio Plant"]. (October 8, 1922). The Sunday Oregonian, Section 5, p. 6. In October, an {{convert|86|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} antenna tower was erected atop the tower of the building, and a {{convert|98|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower was erected atop the nearby Northwestern National Bank Building, and KGW's antenna was attached to a cable connecting the two rooftop towers.[http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83045782/1922-10-29/ed-1/seq-14/ "Radio Towers Built"]. (October 29, 1922). The Sunday Oregonian, Section 1, p. 14. In February 1926, KGW moved from the 11th floor into larger studios built on the 7th and 8th floors.

In 1933, the newspaper acquired radio station KEX"Oregonian Acquires Radio Station KEX". (September 1, 1933). The Morning Oregonian, p. 1. and moved it to the Oregonian Building in 1934. At the time, it was the most powerful radio station in Oregon, broadcasting at 5,000 Watts. It moved into the 7th floor, sharing space with KGW. Both stations were affiliated with NBC at the time. The broadcast studios were destroyed in a fire in 1943."Blaze Hits Oregonian Top Floors". (September 24, 1943). The Oregonian, p. 1. Both stations relocated to other buildings, except for the transmitter. They never returned to the old Oregonian Building, although in 1948 KGW, which was still owned by the paper at that time, did return to an Oregonian Building, as it was given studios in the then-new building – of the same name – that replaced the 1892 landmark.Smith, Virgil (July 18, 1948). "KGW Returns Home – And What A Home! Soundproof and Vibrationless Quarters Occupied in New Oregonian Building By Long-Absent Broadcasting Station". The Sunday Oregonian, Magazine section, p. 5.

In 1892, the newspaper's circulation was only 13,000 for the daily edition, 16,000 on Sundays, but by 1940 daily circulation had grown to 138,472 on weekdays and 167,210 on Sundays. The Oregonian had again outgrown its space, and the company began planning for a new building in 1944.United Press (January 29, 1944). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jihPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7h8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2853%2C6822006 Oregonian Plans For New Home]. The Bulletin (Bend, Oregon), p. 1. As with the 1892 move, this relocation also afforded the opportunity to upgrade to a newer model of printing press, a higher-capacity one made by R. Hoe & Company."New Press Turns Out Oregonians; Editorial Staff, Composing Room Complete Move". (June 7, 1948). The Oregonian, p. 1.

The new Oregonian Building of 1948 was located seven blocks south of the old one, facing Southwest Broadway and filling an entire city block bounded by Broadway, Jefferson and Columbia Streets, and 6th Avenue. Twenty-two years earlier, the mansion home of prominent Portland businessman and former mayor William S. Ladd had occupied the site, until demolished in 1926.{{cite book |last=MacColl|first=E. Kimbark|authorlink=E. Kimbark MacColl|title=The Growth of A City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon, 1915 to 1950|location=Portland, Oregon|publisher=The Georgian Press Company|year=1979|isbn=0-9603408-1-5|page=310}} The newspaper staff moved to the new building in June 1948,[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798802,00.html The Press: Moving Time in Portland]. (June 21, 1948). Time. {{subscription required}}. and the new printing press was brought into use on June 7, 1948. There were 842 Oregonian employees working in the old building at the time of the move to the new quarters on Broadway. The old Oregonian Building's large clock was turned off on July 30, 1948, never to resume.

The building and land were sold in December 1947 for $800,000 (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|0.800|1892|r=1}} million in {{Inflation-year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}), to a Los Angeles-based commercial investment and development company, Store Properties, Inc."Old Building May Be Razed". (December 23, 1949). The Oregonian, p. 1. However, after the newspaper and other tenants moved out, the building remained vacant, and in 1950 its new owners decided to raze it. Demolition took six months and was completed in November 1950."Building Gone From Old Site". (November 19, 1950). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 18. In 1951, a two-story retail-commercial building was constructed on the site.

The large clock in the tower was sold to an engineer who moved it to Oregon State College and used it as a teaching tool, but by the late 1950s the clock had returned to Portland and joined the collection of the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry. It was still in OMSI's collection in January 2019, but had recently (in December 2018) been removed from longtime display in the museum's Turbine Hall.

• List of tallest buildings in Portland, Oregon

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• [http://portlandthenandnow.tumblr.com/post/59596624321/seen-in-the-mid-1940s-this-is-the-oregonian Mid-1940s photograph] showing the building with the 90-foot-tall neon sign that was added in 1930

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Category:1892 establishments in Oregon

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Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Portland, Oregon

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Category:Romanesque Revival architecture in Portland, Oregon

Building

Category:Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in Oregon