The Roulin Family#Armand

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| caption1 = Joseph Roulin in 1902

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| alt2 = Photographs of Armand Roulin

| caption2 = Armand Roulin in 1921

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| alt3 = Photograph of Camille Roulin

| caption3 = Camille Roulin in 1909

| footer = Photographs of members of the Roulin family

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In February 1888, Van Gogh left Paris for Arles, a small town in southern France.{{sfn|MFABoston}} The house he lived in was the subject of his painting The Yellow House.{{sfn|Anderson|2025}} He had difficulties making friends in the area but became acquainted with postman Joseph Roulin.{{sfn|Van Gogh Museum}} Van Gogh and Roulin drank at a café owned by Marie Ginoux and were described as "like brothers" by Marie Ginoux. Roulin helped Van Gogh recover after he mutilated his left ear.{{sfn|Anderson|2025}}{{sfn|Brothers|2025}} Roulin wrote to Theo, paid Van Gogh's rent, and made sure that he received treatment at a psychiatric hospital.{{sfn|Nicholls-Lee|2025}}

His paintings represented different aspects of ordinary life, such as portraits of members of the Roulin family. The sunflower paintings, some of the most recognizable of Van Gogh's paintings, were created at this time. He worked continuously to keep up with his ideas for paintings. This is likely one of Van Gogh's happier periods of life. He is confident, clear-minded, and seemingly content.

In a letter to Theo he wrote, "Painting as it is now, promises to become more subtle – more like music and less like sculpture – and above all, it promises colour." As a means of explanation, Vincent explains that being like music means being comforting.{{cite book | title=The Arts Entwined: Music and Painting in the Nineteenth Century | first1=M | last1=Morton | first2=P | last2=Schmunk | publisher=Garland Publishing | location=New York | year=2000 | pages=177–178 | isbn=0-8153-3156-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7NP724mFE1MC&pg=PA177 }}

Van Gogh, known for his landscapes, seemed to find painting portraits his greatest ambition.{{cite book | title=Monet to Dalí: Impressionist and Modern Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art | author=Cleveland Museum of Art | publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art | location=Cleveland | year=2007 | page=67 | isbn=978-0-940717-89-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCTuPh-ixmIC&pg=PA67 }} He said of portrait studies, "the only thing in painting that excites me to the depths of my soul, and which makes me feel the infinite more than anything else."{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg84/gg84-46626.html |title=La Mousmé |year=2011 |work=Postimpressionism |publisher=National Gallery of Art |access-date=March 20, 2011 |postscript=Additional information about the painting is found in the audio clip. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510143628/http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg84/gg84-46626.html |archive-date=May 10, 2011 }} Van Gogh wrote further of the meaning he wished to evoke: "in a picture I want to say something comforting as music is comforting. I want to paint men and women with that something of the eternal which the halo used to symbolize, and which we seek to communicate by the actual radiance and vibration of our colouring."

As much as Van Gogh liked to paint portraits of people, there were few opportunities for him to pay or arrange for models for his work. He found a bounty in the work of the Roulin family, for which he made several images of each person. In exchange, Van Gogh gave the Roulins one painting for each family member.{{cite book | title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Provence | author=Gayford, M | publisher=Mariner Books | year=2008 |orig-year=2006 | pages=195–196 | isbn=978-0-618-99058-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QVAevUM7oIC&pg=PA195 }}

As the Roulin family was similar in size to Van Gogh's own, in his psychological approach Lubin suggested that Van Gogh may have adopted them as a substitute.Lubin, Stranger on the earth: A psychological biography of Vincent van Gogh, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1972. {{ISBN|0-03-091352-7}}, page 162.

Van Gogh painted the family of postman Joseph Roulin in the winter of 1888, every member more than once.{{cite web |url=http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=2711&collection=623&lang=en |title=Portrait of Marcelle Roulin, 1888 |year=2005–2011 |work=Permanent Collection |publisher=Van Gogh Museum |access-date=April 13, 2011}} The family included Joseph Roulin, the postman; his wife, Augustine; and their three children. Van Gogh described the family as "really French, even if they look like Russians."{{cite web |url=http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=2852&collection=623&lang=en |title=Portrait of Camille Roulin, 1888 |year=2005–2011 |work=Permanent Collection |publisher=Van Gogh Museum |access-date=April 13, 2011}} Over the course of just a few weeks, he painted Augustine and the children several times. The reason for multiple works was partly so that the Roulins could have a painting of each family member, so that with these pictures and others, their bedroom became a virtual "museum of modern art." The family's consent to modeling for van Gogh also gave him the opportunity to create more portraits, which was both meaningful and inspirational to van Gogh.{{cite book | title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Provence | author=Gayford, M | publisher=Mariner Books | year=2008 |orig-year=2006 | page=212 | isbn=978-0-618-99058-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QVAevUM7oIC&pg=PA212 }}

Van Gogh used color for dramatic effect. Each family member's clothes are done in bold primary colours and van Gogh used contrasting colours in the background to intensify the impact of the work.{{cite web |url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/52064.html |title=Portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin and Baby Marcelle |year=2011 |work=Collections |publisher=Philadelphia Museum of Art |access-date=April 13, 2011 |postscript=Additional information in "Teacher Resources" and audio clip.}}

Joseph Roulin was born on 4 April 1841 in Lambesc. His wife, née Augustine-Alix Pellicot, was also from Lambesc; they married on 31 August 1868.{{cite book | title=Dictionary of Artists' Models | first1=J | last1=Jiminez | first2=J | last2=Banham | publisher=Dearborn Publishers | location=Chicago | year=2001 | page=469| isbn=1-57958-233-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_XUi40rTz4C&pg=PA469 }} Joseph, 47 years of age at the time of these paintings, was ten years his wife's senior. Theirs was a working class household. Joseph worked at the railroad station as an entreposeur des postes. Van Gogh compared Roulin to Socrates on many occasions; while Roulin was not the most attractive man, van Gogh found him to be "such a good soul and so wise and so full of feeling and so trustful." Strictly by appearance, Roulin reminded van Gogh of Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoyevsky – the same broad forehead, broad nose, and shape of the beard.{{cite book | title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Provence | author=Gayford, M | publisher=Mariner Books | year=2008 |orig-year=2006 | pages=200, 203–206 | isbn=978-0-618-99058-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QVAevUM7oIC&pg=PA203 }} Roulin saw van Gogh through the good and the most difficult times, corresponding with his brother, Theo following his rift with Gauguin and being at his side during and following the hospital stay in Arles.{{cite book | title=Van Gogh and Gauguin: The Search for Sacred Art | author=Silverman, D | publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux | location=New York | year=2000 | page=318 | isbn=0-374-28243-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8c9jt9AToD0C&pg=PA318 }}

Joseph was a "fervent republican and socialist" according to Van Gogh and he noticed how Joseph looked "like something out of Delacroix, out of Daumier" while singing La Marseillaise. He described Joseph's voice as "a distant echo of the clarion of revolutionary France".{{sfn|Nicholls-Lee|2025}}{{sfn|Brothers|2025}}

Joseph first posed for Van Gogh on the day his daughter Marcelle was born. The willow armchair that he sat in for the first painting is now in the collection of the Van Gogh Museum.{{sfn|Brothers|2025}}

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| image1 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1888) van Gogh DIA.jpg

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| caption1 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin, second version, early August, 1888, Detroit Institute of Arts (F433)

| image2 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1888) van Gogh Getty.jpg

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| caption2 = Drawing after the second version, Getty Museum

| image3 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1888) van Gogh Winterthur.jpg

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| caption3 = The Father or Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin, Nov–Dec 1888, Kunstmuseum Winterthur, Switzerland (F434)

| image4 = Van Gogh Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin.jpg

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| caption4 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin, April 1889, Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia (F435)

| image5 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1889) van Gogh Kroller.jpg

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| caption5 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin, April 1889, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands (F439)

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In the very first days of December 1888 Vincent told his brother Theo:

{{Quote|I have made portraits of a whole family, that of the postman whose head I had done previously – the man, his wife, the baby, the young boy, and the son of sixteen, all of them real characters and very French, though they look like Russians. Size 15 canvases. You know how I feel about this, how I feel in my element, and that it consoles me up to a certain point for not being a doctor. I hope to get on with this and to be able to get more careful posing, paid for by portraits. And if I manage to do this whole family better still, at least I shall have done something to my liking and something individual. Just now I am completely swamped with studies, studies, studies, and this will go on for quite a while – it makes such a mess that it breaks my heart, and yet it will provide me with some property when I'm forty.{{cite web |url=http://webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/18/560.htm |title=Vincent van Gogh. Letter to Theo van Gogh. Written c. 4 December 1888 in Arles. |editor=Harrison, R | others=van Gogh, J (trans.)|publisher=WebExhibits |access-date=April 14, 2011}}}}

The size given (Toile de 15, c. 65 × 54 cm), the complete set can be identified:

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| image1 = Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (1888) van Gogh Winterthur.jpg

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| caption1 = Joseph

| image2 = Vincent Willem van Gogh 087.jpg

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| caption2 = Armand

| image3 = Portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin 1888 van Gogh Winterthur.jpg

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| caption3 = Augustine

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| caption4 = Camille

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| caption5 = Marcelle

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Augustine Roulin (née Augustine-Alix Pellicot) was born on 9 October 1851 in Lambesc and died on 5 April 1930.

After her husband had posed for several works with van Gogh, Augustine sat for Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin in the Yellow House the two men shared. During the sitting, she kept her gaze on Gauguin, possibly for reassurance because, according to her daughter, she was not comfortable in the presence of van Gogh. She sat in the corner of the room for the evening sitting. The resulting paintings were quite different, as was typical of the sessions where the artists shared the same model. Gauguin's portrait included as background a picture he recently completed entitled Blue Trees. He painted Augustine in straightforward, literal way.{{cite book | title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Provence | author=Gayford, M | publisher=Mariner Books | year=2008 |orig-year=2006 | pages=196–190 | isbn=978-0-618-99058-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QVAevUM7oIC&pg=PA196}}

In comparison, Van Gogh's work appeared more quickly executed and more thickly painted than that of Gauguin's painting. Van Gogh admired the work of Dutch master Frans Hals whose portraits display lively brushwork and the direct, spontaneous style of alla prima, or wet-on-wet. The yellow brushstrokes on the side of her head depict the gaslight. Instead of depicting the evening mood, he painted pots of sprouting bulbs. Van Gogh made a connection to her earthy nature by the depiction of germinating bulbs, essentially declaring her a "human tuber." Days after working on this painting Van Gogh began painting the remaining Roulin family members, including the four-month-old baby, Marcelle.

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| caption1 = The Mother or Portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin, Nov–Dec 1888, Oskar Reinhart Collection "Am Römerholz", Winterthur (F503)

| image2 = Paul Gauguin - Madame Roulin.jpg

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| caption2 = Portrait of Madame Roulin, by Paul Gauguin.

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In addition to the mother-daughter works where Marcelle is visible, Van Gogh also created several La Berceuse {{IPA|fr|la bɛʁsøz|}}

works where Augustine rocked her unseen cradle by a string.{{cite book | title=Stranger on the Earth: A Psychological Biography of Vincent van Gogh | author=Lubin, A | publisher=Da Capo Press | year=1996 | orig-year=1972 | page=15 | isbn=0-306-80726-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHVwceHVI5cC&pg=PR15 }}

Van Gogh labeled the group of work La Berceuse meaning "our lullaby or the woman rocking the cradle." The colour and setting were intended to set the scene of a lullaby, meant to give comfort to "lonely souls." Van Gogh imagined the painting in several types of settings, such as on an Icelandic fishing boat cabin walls—or the centerpiece to two Sunflower paintings.

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| image1 = La Berceuse Augustine Roulin Otterlo.jpg

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| caption1 = La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin), December, 1888, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, Netherlands (F504)

| image2 =Lullaby - Madame Augustine Roulin Rocking a Cradle.jpg

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| caption2 = La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (F508)

| image3 = La Berceuse 1889 van Gogh Stedelijk Museum.jpg

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| caption3 = La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin), March 1889, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam (F507)

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| caption4 = La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin), February 1889, The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois (F506)

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| caption5 = La Berceuse (Augustine Roulin), January 1889, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (F505)

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There is a fifth version of the painting at the Art Institute of Chicago.{{cite web |url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/27949?search_id=2 |title=Madame Roulin Rocking the Cradle (La Berceuse), 1889

|year=2011 |work=Collection |publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago |access-date=April 14, 2011}}

Armand Roulin, the eldest son, was born on 5 May 1871 in Lambesc, and died on 14 November 1945. He was 17 years of age when portrayed by Van Gogh.Letters of Joseph Roulin to Vincent van Gogh, 22 May and 24 October 1889; see Van Crimpen, Han & Berends-Alberts, Monique: De brieven van Vincent van Gogh, SDU Uitgeverij, The Hague 1990, pp. 1878–79 (No. 779); 1957–58 (Nr. 816) – both letters, written in French, are hitherto only published in Dutch translation.

Van Gogh's works depict a serious young man who at the time the paintings were made had left his parents' home, working as a blacksmith's apprentice. The Museum Folkwang work depicts Armand in what are likely his best clothes: an elegant fedora, vivid yellow coat, black waistcoat and tie. Armand's manner seems a bit sad, or perhaps bored by sitting. His figure fills the picture plane giving the impression that he is a confident, masculine young man.{{cite book | title=Van Gogh's Progress: Utopia, Modernity, and Late-Nineteenth-Century Art | author=Zemel, C | year=1997 | pages=108–110 | publisher=University of California Press | isbn=9780520088498 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2gWfmFn0_QC&pg=PA108 }}

The second work, with his body slightly turned aside and his eyes looking down, appears to be a sad young man. Even the angle of the hat seems to indicate sadness. Both museum paintings were made on large canvas, 65 × 54 cm.

Loving Vincent,{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/21/movies/loving-vincent-review-van-gogh.html|title=Review: 'Loving Vincent' Paints van Gogh in His Own Images|date=2017-09-21|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-02-03|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} a movie based on the life of Vincent van Gogh, features Armand Roulin as the main character. In it, Roulin is asked by his father, Joseph, to deliver a letter to Vincent's brother, Theo van Gogh. The critically acclaimed film employed oil painters trained to paint like van Gogh. Their paintings were used in each frame of the movie, using stills of van Gogh's real paintings and basing Armand Roulin's character design on another of van Gogh's paintings. Many of van Gogh's portraits, like Portrait of Armand Roulin (1888), provided designs for the movie's characters.{{Cite web|url=http://lovingvincent.com/|title=Home|last=internetowe|first=Odee – odee.pl / Strony|website=lovingvincent.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-03}}

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| caption1 = Portrait of Armand Roulin, 1888, Museum Folkwang, Essen (F492)

| image2 = Vincent Willem van Gogh 087.jpg

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| caption2 = Portrait of Armand Roulin, 1888, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam (F493) | image3 = Vincent Willem van Gogh 055.jpg

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| caption3 = Young Man with a Cap (Armand Roulin), 1888, Private Collection, Zürich, Switzerland (F536)

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Camille Roulin, the middle child, was born in Lambesc in southern France, on 10 July 1877, and died on 4 June 1922. When his portrait was painted, Camille was eleven years of age. The Van Gogh Museum painting shows Camille's head and shoulders. Yellow brush strokes behind him are evocative of the sun.{{cite book | title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Provence | author=Gayford, M | publisher=Mariner Books | year=2008 |orig-year=2006 | pages=213–214 | isbn=978-0-618-99058-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QVAevUM7oIC&pg=PA213 }}

A very similar painting resides at the Philadelphia Museum of Art (F537).{{cite web |url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/68775.html?mulR=6136%7c1 | title=Portrait of Camille Roulin |year=2011 |work=Collections |publisher=Philadelphia Museum of Art |access-date=April 13, 2011}}

In The Schoolboy with Uniform Cap Camille seems to be staring off in space. His arm is over the back of a chair, mouth gaped open, possibly lost in thought. This was the larger of the two works made of Camille.

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| image1 = Portrait of Camille Roulin 1888 Vincent van Gogh.jpg

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| caption1 = Portrait of Camille Roulin, 1888, Oil on Canvas, 40.5 × 32.5 cm, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (F538)

| image2 = Van Gogh - Bildnis Camile Roulin.jpeg

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| caption2 = Portrait of Camille Roulin, 1888, Oil on Canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (F537).

| image3 = Vincent Willem van Gogh 100.jpg

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| caption3 = The Schoolboy with Uniform Cap (Camille Roulin), early December, 1888, São Paulo Museum of Art, São Paulo, Brazil (F665)

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Marcelle Roulin, the youngest child (31 July 1888 – 22 February 1980) was four months old, when Van Gogh made her portraits. She was painted three times by herself and twice on her mother’s lap. The three works show the same head and shoulders image of Marcelle with her chubby cheeks and arms against a green background.{{cite book | title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Provence | author=Gayford, M | publisher=Mariner Books | year=2008 |orig-year=2006 | page=216 | isbn=978-0-618-99058-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QVAevUM7oIC&pg=PA216 }}

When Johanna van Gogh, pregnant at the time, saw the painting, she wrote: "I like to imagine that ours will be just as strong, just as beautiful – and that his uncle will one day paint his portrait!" A version titled Roulin's Baby resides at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/fcgi-bin/tinfo_f?object=46506&detail=prov |title=Roulin's Baby |year=2011 |work=The Collection |publisher=National Gallery of Art |access-date=April 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508002604/http://www.nga.gov/fcgi-bin/tinfo_f?object=46506&detail=prov |archive-date=May 8, 2009 }}

In Philadelphia Museum of Art's Portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin and Baby Marcelle Augustine holds baby Marcelle who was born in July 1888. The mother, relaxed and her face in a shadow, is passive. We can see by the size of Augustine's sloping shoulders, arm, and hands that she worked hard to take care of her family. For instance, there were no modern conveniences like washing machines. In a traditional pose of mothers and new babies, Augustine is holding her baby upright, supporting the baby's back with her right arm and steadying the baby's midsection with her left hand. Marcelle, whose face is directed outward, is more active and engages the audience. Van Gogh used heavy outlines in blue around the images of mother and baby.

To symbolize the closeness of mother and baby, he used adjacent colours of the colour wheel, green, blue, and yellow in this work. The vibrant yellow background creates a warm glow around the mother and baby, like a very large halo. Of his use of colour, Van Gogh wrote: "instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes, I use colour...to express myself more forcibly." The work contains varying brushstrokes, some straight, some turbulent – which allow us to see the movement of energy "like water in a rushing stream." Émile Bernard, Van Gogh's friend, was the initial owner of this painting in its provenance.

Camille died in from tuberculosis in 1922, which he contracted during World War I. Armand worked as a police officer and died in 1945.{{sfn|Brothers|2025}} Due to Marcelle's youth when she met Van Gogh, her death in 1980, at age 91 made her one of the last people to have met him.{{sfn|Bailey|2024}}

Many of Van Gogh's paintings in Arles were sent to his brother Theo, but he kept his paintings of Joseph Roulin. These were among the paintings that remained with his landlords, the Ginoux, when he left in May 1889. It is unknown if he left these paintings as a gift or as in storage and they were discovered after his death.{{sfn|MFABoston}} In 1900, Joseph sold six paintings to Ambroise Vollard for 450 francs, equivalent to {{Inflation|FR|450|1900|2002|fmt=c}} francs in 2002;{{sfn|Bailey|2024}} The Red Vineyard, the only painting Van Gogh sold in his lifetime, was sold for 400 francs.{{sfn|Brothers|2025}}

Only two of the portraits, for Camille and Marcelle, remained with Theo Van Gogh's family and eventually became a part of the Van Gogh Museum's collection.{{sfn|Brothers|2025}} The portrait of Augustine held by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston suffered from fading, with the pink portions of the flowers fading to white.{{sfn|Brothers|2025}} One of the portraits of Armand sold for $13 million in 1995, while a portrait of Marcelle was sold for $8 million in 2015.{{sfn|Brothers|2025}}

12 of the paintings, on loan from museums around the world, will be featured together for the Van Gogh and the Roulins. Together Again at Last exhibition by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, which has two of the paintings in its collection, from 30 March to 7 September 2025. 15 paintings will be shown at the Van Gogh Museum from 3 October 2025 to 11 January 2026.{{sfn|Van Gogh Museum}}{{sfn|Brothers|2025}}

• List of works by Vincent van Gogh
• Portraits by Vincent van Gogh
• Paintings of Children (Van Gogh series)

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Sonja |date=19 March 2025 |title=Why Did Vincent van Gogh Paint 26 Portraits of a Postman and His Family While Staying in the South of France? |work=Smithsonian |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-did-vincent-van-gogh-paint-26-portraits-of-a-postman-and-his-family-while-staying-in-the-south-of-france-180986265/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250320055257/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-did-vincent-van-gogh-paint-26-portraits-of-a-postman-and-his-family-while-staying-in-the-south-of-france-180986265/ |archive-date=20 March 2025}}
• {{Cite news |last=Bailey |first=Martin |date=11 October 2024 |title=Van Gogh’s postman: the artist's favourite portrait subject to be explored in Boston and Amsterdam shows |work=The Art Newspaper |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/10/11/van-goghs-postman-his-favourite-portrait-subject-will-be-explored-in-boston-and-amsterdam-shows |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320063036/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/10/11/van-goghs-postman-his-favourite-portrait-subject-will-be-explored-in-boston-and-amsterdam-shows |archive-date=20 March 2025}}
• {{Cite news |last=Bailey |first=Martin |date=14 March 2025 |title=You’ve got mail: pathbreaking exhibition on Van Gogh’s postman opens shortly in Boston, then heads to Amsterdam |work=The Art Newspaper |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2025/03/14/van-goghs-postman-the-pathbreaking-portrait-exhibition-opens-shortly-in-boston-then-heads-to-amsterdam |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321214313/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2025/03/14/van-goghs-postman-the-pathbreaking-portrait-exhibition-opens-shortly-in-boston-then-heads-to-amsterdam |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|Brothers|2025}}}}
• {{Cite news |last=Nicholls-Lee |first=Deborah |date=18 March 2025 |title='A very deep bond of friendship': The surprising story of Van Gogh's guardian angel |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20250317-the-surprising-story-of-van-goghs-guardian-angel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320061314/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20250317-the-surprising-story-of-van-goghs-guardian-angel |archive-date=20 March 2025}}

• {{Cite web |title=Madame Roulin and Her Baby |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/459123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321223846/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/459123 |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|MET}}}}
• {{Cite web |title=Portrait of Camille Roulin |publisher=Philadelphia Museum of Art |url=https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/68775 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321232808/https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/68775 |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|PMACamille}}}}
• {{Cite web |title=Portrait of Camille Roulin |publisher=Van Gogh Museum |url=https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0166V1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321225713/https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0166V1962 |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|Van Gogh Camille}}}}
• {{Cite web |title=Portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin and Baby Marcelle |publisher=Philadelphia Museum of Art |url=https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/52064 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321232846/https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/52064 |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|PMAAugustineMarcelle}}}}
• {{Cite web |title=Portrait of Marcelle Roulin |publisher=Van Gogh Museum |url=https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0167V1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321225620/https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0167V1962 |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|Van Gogh Marcelle}}}}
• {{Cite web |title=Postman Joseph Roulin |publisher=Museum of Fine Arts, Boston |url=https://collections.mfa.org/objects/32542/postman-joseph-roulin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320054309/https://collections.mfa.org/objects/32542/postman-joseph-roulin |archive-date=20 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|MFABoston}}}}
• {{Cite web |title=Robert Lehman Collection, The Metropolitan Museum of Art |publisher=Robert Lehman Foundation |url=https://robertlehmanfoundation.org/robert-lehman-foundation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321223922/https://robertlehmanfoundation.org/robert-lehman-foundation/ |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|Lehman}}}}
• {{Cite web |title=Roulin's Baby, 1888 |publisher=National Gallery of Art |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.46506.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321224715/https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.46506.html |archive-date=21 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|NGA}}}}
• {{Cite web |date=11 March 2025 |title=Van Gogh and the Roulins. Together Again at Last |publisher=Van Gogh Museum |url=https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/about/news-and-press/news/20250311-van-gogh-and-the-roulins-together-again-at-last |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320055452/https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/about/news-and-press/news/20250311-van-gogh-and-the-roulins-together-again-at-last |archive-date=20 March 2025 |ref={{harvid|Van Gogh Museum}}}}

• [http://terresdefemmes.blogs.com/mon_weblog/2008/06/pierre-michon-v.html Pierre Michon, Vie de Joseph Roulin](fr)
• [http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/167899 Van Gogh, paintings and drawings: a special loan exhibition], a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, which contains material on these paintings (see index)
• [http://www.check123.com/videos/1608-portrait-of-joseph-roulin-1888-van-gogh Portrait of Joseph Roulin 1888 (Van Gogh)] - Video at Check123 - Video Encyclopedia

{{Vincent van Gogh}}

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Category:Paintings in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Category:Paintings of Arles by Vincent van Gogh

Category:Series of paintings by Vincent van Gogh

Category:1888 paintings

Category:1889 paintings

Category:1880s paintings

Category:1890s paintings

Category:19th-century portraits

Category:Paintings in the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)

Category:Paintings of children