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The Smith and the Devil

{{Short description|Fairy tale}}

{{Infobox folk tale

|Folk_Tale_Name=The Smith and the Devil

|Image_Name=The_Smith_and_the_Devil.jpg

|Image_Caption=Illustration for the folk tale The Smith and the Devil, ink drawing, 1916

|Aarne-Thompson Grouping=ATU 330

}}

{{Indo-European topics}}

"The Smith and the Devil" is a fairy tale. The story is of a smith who makes a pact with a malevolent being—commonly the Devil (in later times), Death, a demon or a genie—selling his soul for some power, then tricks the devil out of his prize. In one version, the smith gains the power to weld any materials, then uses this power to stick the devil to an immovable object, allowing the smith to renege on the bargain. It is indexed as ATU 330.

The tale was collected by Giambattista Basile in Lo cunto de li cunti of 1634,{{cite web | url=https://www.ilpost.it/2016/01/22/fiabe-antiche/ | title=Le fiabe sono più antiche di quanto pensiamo | date=22 January 2016 }} then the Brothers Grimm in their Children's and Household Tales (published in two volumes in 1812 and 1815), although they removed it in editions of 1822 and later, substituting "Brother Lustig" and relegating references to it to the notes for "Gambling Hansel", a very similar tale. Edith Hodgetts' 1891 book Tales and Legends from the Land of the Tsar collects a Russian version, while Ruth Manning-Sanders included a Gascon version as "The Blacksmith and the Devil" in her 1970 book A Book of Devils and Demons.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} Richard Chase presents a version from the Southern Appalachians, called "Wicked John and the Devil."{{cite book|last1=Chase|first1=Richard|title=Grandfather Tales|url=https://archive.org/details/grandfathertales00chas|url-access=registration|date=1948|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|isbn=9780395066928 }}

According to George Monbiot, the blacksmith is a motif of folklore throughout (and beyond) Europe associated with malevolence (the medieval vision of Hell may draw upon the image of the smith at his forge), and several variant tales tell of smiths entering into a pact with the devil to obtain fire and the means of smelting metal.

According to research applying phylogenetic techniques to linguistics by folklorist Sara Graça da Silva and anthropologist Jamie Tehrani, "The Smith and the Devil" may be one of the oldest European folk tales, with the basic plot stable throughout the Indo-European-speaking world from India to Scandinavia, possibly being first told in Indo-European 6,000 years ago in the Bronze Age. Folklorist John Lindow, however, notes that a word for "smith" may not have existed in Indo-European, and if so the tale may not be that old. However, according to historical linguist Václav Blažek: "The apparent fact, that there is no common designation of "smith" in the Indo-European lexicon, could be disappointing at first sight, but the same may be said about other crafts, including those using more 'archaic' technologies than smithery." According to Blažek, the inherited designations for smith attested in the mythological context are "a witness of a remarkably important role of the institution of smithery in the period of disintegration of the Indo-European dialect continuum".{{cn|date=November 2022}}

See also

{{Portal|Children's literature}}

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite book |author=The Brothers Grimm |editor= Jack Zipes |others= Andrea Dezsö, illustrator |title=The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm |edition=complete first |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qr3BAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 |access-date=February 2, 2016 |orig-year=1812 |year=2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0691160597 |page=248}}

{{cite book |last=Schmiesing |first=Ann |title=Disability, Deformity, and Disease in the Grimms' Fairy Tales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kCB-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 |access-date=February 2, 2016 |year=2014 |publisher=Wayne State University |isbn=978-0814338414 |page=69}}

{{cite book |editor-last=Hodgetts |editor-first=Edith M. S. |title=Tales and Legends from the Land of the Tzar: Collection of Russian Stories |year=1891 |url=https://archive.org/details/talesandlegends00hodggoog |access-date=February 2, 2016 |orig-year=1891 |publisher=Nabu Press |isbn=978-1294147350 |page=[https://archive.org/details/talesandlegends00hodggoog/page/n265 249]}}

{{cite web |url=http://www.monbiot.com/1994/01/01/smith-and-the-devil/ |title=The Smith and the Devil |author=George Monbiot |date=January 1, 1994 |work=George Monbiot website |access-date=February 2, 2016}}

{{cite journal |last1=Graça da Silva |first1=Sara |last2=Tehrani |first2=Jamshid J. |date=January 20, 2016 |title=Comparative phylogenetic analyses uncover the ancient roots of Indo-European folktales |journal=Royal Society Open Science |publisher=The Royal Society |volume= 3|issue=1 |pages= 150645|doi=10.1098/rsos.150645 |pmc=4736946 |pmid=26909191|bibcode=2016RSOS....350645D }}

{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/jan/20/fairytales-much-older-than-previously-thought-say-researchers?CMP=fb_gu |title=Fairytales much older than previously thought, say researchers |date=January 20, 2016 |work=The Guardian |access-date=February 2, 2016}}

{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-35358487 |title=Fairy tale origins thousands of years old, researchers say |date=January 20, 2016 |work=BBC |access-date=February 2, 2016}}

{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/no-fairy-tale-origins-some-famous-stories-go-back-thousands-years |title=No fairy tale: Origins of some famous stories go back thousands of years |author=Chris Samoray |date=January 19, 2016 |work=Science News |publisher=Society for Science & The Public |access-date=February 2, 2016}}

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Bibliography

  • {{cite book |last=Blažek |first= Václav|author-link= |date= 2010|title=Indo-European "Smith" and his Divine Colleagues. |url= https://www.academia.edu/43290390|location= Washington, DC|publisher= Institute for the Study of Man|page=120 |isbn=978-0-9845353-2-3}}

External links

{{Wikisource category}}

  • {{Wikisourcelang-inline|de|Der Schmidt und der Teufel (1812)}} {{in lang|de}}

{{Brothers Grimm}}

{{Proto Indo European mythology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith and the Devil, The}}

Category:Proto-Indo-European mythology

Category:European fairy tales

Category:Grimms' Fairy Tales

Category:Fictional smiths

Category:The Devil in fairy tales

Category:Deal with the Devil

Category:Fairy tales about personifications of death

Category:ATU 300-399