Thekla Friedländer
Career
Friedländer was born in 1849 in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany.{{Cite book |last=Ganzl |first=Kurt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmZQDwAAQBAJ |title=Victorian Vocalists |date=2017-09-29 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-59366-3 |language=en}} She had an elder sister called Marie Friedländer.{{Cite book |last=Kneschke |first=Emil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be4sAAAAYAAJ&q=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder |title=Das Königliche conservatorium der musik zu Leipzig: 1843-1893 |date=1893 |publisher=Internationale verlags- und kunstanstalt (A. Laurencic) |pages=81 |language=de}}
Friedländer was a soprano and began her career in Europe. Her recital at St. James's Hall in London in November of 1875 was her first appearance in England and reportedly caused a "sensation."{{Cite book |last=Yearsley |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7GhDwAAQBAJ&dq=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder&pg=PA9 |title=Sex, Death, and Minuets: Anna Magdalena Bach and Her Musical Notebooks |date=2019-07-09 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-61770-1 |pages=9 |language=en}}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZIPAAAAYAAJ&dq=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder&pg=PA281 |title=The Musical World |date=1875 |publisher=J. Alfredo Novello |volume=53 |pages=281 |language=en}} She then toured with the Jiminez Company in the Netherlands.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwPz2K0H254C&dq=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder&pg=PA160 |title=Monthly Musical Record |date=1875 |publisher=Augener |volume=5 |pages=160 |language=en}}
Among her repertoire were compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Brahms,{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XzS8AAAAIAAJ&dq=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder&pg=PA51 |title=The Hallé Tradition: A Century of Music |date=1960 |publisher=Manchester University Press |pages=48, 51 |language=en}} Hans Von Bülow,{{Cite book |last=Birkin |first=Kenneth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33VWI2ONlP8C&q=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder |title=Hans Von Bülow: A Life for Music |date=2011-07-07 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-00586-0 |pages=288 |language=en}} Edvard Grieg,{{Cite book |last=Carley |first=Lionel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQ1FFqZ_vLUC&dq=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder&pg=PA473 |title=Edvard Grieg in England |date=2006 |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=978-1-84383-207-2 |pages=44–45 |language=en}} Heinrich Marschener, Felix Mendelssohn, Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qiM_AQAAMAAJ&q=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder |title=Dwight's Journal of Music |date=1967 |publisher=Johnson Reprint Corporation |pages=404 |language=en}}
Activism
Friedländer was also a social reformer who campaigned for the improvement of women's prisons and children's institutions in Prussia and engaged in training as part of her activism.{{Cite book |last=Bartels |first=Mette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqTeEAAAQBAJ&dq=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder&pg=PT251 |title=Garten, Gefängnis, Fotoatelier: Emanzipationsstrategien der bürgerlichen Frauenbewegung im Deutschen Kaiserreich |date=2024-09-18 |publisher=Campus Verlag |isbn=978-3-593-45677-5 |language=de}} In 1904, she worked towards female superintendents being employed in the place of the male inspectors in women's prisons.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvFGkelLgYkC&q=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder |title=The Westminster Review |date=1904 |publisher=J.M. Mason |volume=162 |pages=667 |language=en}} In 1909, she spoke at a conference regarding the adoption of a "social scientific" models in the juvenile justice system.{{Cite book |last=Dickinson |first=Edward Ross |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yM0y7LOn6x0C&dq=Thekla+Friedl%C3%A4nder&pg=PA60 |title=The Politics of German Child Welfare from the Empire to the Federal Republic |date=1996 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-68862-9 |pages=59–60 |language=en}}
References
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Category:German women musicians
Category:German social reformers