Theodore Fraser

{{Infobox military person

|name =Major-General Sir Theodore Fraser

|image=

|birth_date ={{birth date|df=yes|1865|6|15}}

|birth_place =Inverness, Scotland

|death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|1953|05|22|1865|6|15}}

|death_place =Putney, London

|nickname=

|allegiance={{UK}}

|branch= 23px British Army

|serviceyears=

|rank=Major-General

|unit=Royal Engineers

|commands=

|battles=

|awards=Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Companion of the Order of the Star of India
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George

}}

Major-General Sir Theodore Fraser {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCB|CSI|CMG}} (15 June 1865 – 22 May 1953), was a British soldier of the Royal Engineers, serving for most of his career with the Indian Army.

Education and early life

Fraser was born on 15 June 1865 in Inverness, Scotland to parents Rev Prof Donald Fraser D.D. (1826–1892) and Theresa Eliza Isabella Gordon, the fourth daughter of Major-General Alexander Gordon of the Royal Engineers. His Scots-born father had spent much time in Canada but returned to Scotland after he married. In 1870 the family moved to Marylebone in London and his father became a prominent figure in the Presbyterian Church of England, serving as Moderator of the Synod in 1880.Ewing, William Annals of the Free Church

From University College School Theodore went to Clare College, Cambridge,{{acad|id=FRSR884T|name=Fraser, Theodore}} and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, obtaining his commission direct into the Royal Engineers in February 1886.{{London Gazette|issue=25561|page=850|date=23 February 1886}}

Military career

Indian service soon brought him experience of frontier warfare. He was in the Chin-Lushai expedition of 1889–90 and the Hazara expedition in 1891. He was promoted to captain on 13 August 1896, and served as an adjutant of the 2nd Division during the Tirah campaign of 1897–98. In February 1900 he left Southampton in the SS Assaye bound for active service in South Africa during the Second Boer War.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The War - Embarcation of Troops|date=1 March 1900 |page=7 |issue=36078}} His experience was put to use as a Special Service Officer stationed in Cape Colony, the Orange Free State, and the Frederickstad in Western Transvaal until December that year.

In 1901 he was sent to the Staff College, Camberley. Promoted to major in September 1904, he was appointed a deputy assistant adjutant general of the Bombay Brigade in February 1905. His role was changed to deputy assistant quartermaster general at British Army headquarters in Simla in November 1907. He stayed on at the headquarters for two years. In February 1909 he assumed the role of a professor{{London Gazette|issue=28385|page=4264|date=17 June 1910}} and General Staff Officer Grade 2, instructing young officers at the newly created Staff College, Quetta for the next three years, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in December 1912. Shortly after promotion he was sent to Britannia Royal Naval College in England.

Though he was eager for active service during World War I, he was given an administrative role of embarkation commandant. It was not until March 1915, seven months after the British entry into World War I, that he was appointed assistant adjutant and quartermaster general of the Lahore Division,{{London Gazette|issue=29113|page=2984|date=28 March 1915}} then serving on the Western Front. In this capacity, and later as assistant quartermaster general he was with the division at "Second Ypres" and the battles of Aubers Ridge and Festubert.

In May 1916 Fraser was appointed the administrative role of general

staff officer, grade 1 of the newly formed 15th Indian Division, stationed on the Euphrates Front until October of that same year where he was again transferred to the III Corps as a brigadier general, general staff.{{London Gazette|issue=29833|page=11389|date=21 November 1916|supp=y}} He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in December 1916, which was backdated to June.{{London Gazette|issue=29876|page=12553|date=22 December 1916|supp=y}} He served with the corps through the Battle of Kut, and the maneuver leading to the occupation of Baghdad, and then the operations on the Adhaim in April 1917. He had received a promotion to brevet colonel in March,{{London Gazette|issue=29990|page=2720|date=16 March 1917|supp=y}} and reached the substantive rank of colonel in December, by which time the operations in the Jabal Hamrin area had been concluded. From February to April 1918, he acted as chief of the general staff to Lieutenant General Sir William Marshall, the commander-in-chief of the British and Indian forces in Mesopotamia.

He assumed the command of the 15th Division in September 1918, for which he was raised to temporary major general,{{London Gazette|issue=30952|page=12111|date=11 October 1918|supp=y}} the 18th Division in the following March, and promoting to major general in June 1919.{{London Gazette|issue=13514|page=3419|date=17 October 1919|city=e}} While assigned to the 18th Division, Fraser was tasked to lead "South Kurdistan Force" to conduct operations against Shaikh Mahmud Barzanji, who was leading a localized rebellion. Barzenji was wounded and ultimately captured by Fraser's forces.{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Sir Arnold|title=Mesopotamia 1917–1920, A Clash of Loyalties|year=1931|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=136–138}} He later was engaged in other Kurdistan operations of 1919–20, relinquishing command in October, 1921, From March to November, 1922, he commanded the forces in Iraq, but was not again employed until May 1924, when he was appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) Malaya Command. He performed his tour of duty in Singapore for the next three years until his retirement on 9 June 1927, with Major-General C.C. Van Straubenzee, KBE, CB, CMG (1867–1956) replacing him as the next GOC Malaya on 16 June 1927.

Major-General Sir Theodore Fraser's last known home address was at The Rookery, Roehampton Lane, London, in 1939.

Sir Theodore Fraser died in a nursing home on 22 May 1953 in Putney, London, at the age of 87. His funeral was carried at out the Putney Vale Crematorium at 2.30 p.m. on Tuesday, 26 May 1953.