Thermococci
{{Short description|Class of archaea}}
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{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Thermococcus gammatolerans.jpg
| image_caption = Thermococcus gammatolerans
| taxon = Thermococci
| authority = Zillig and Reysenbach 2002{{cite web |author=A.C. Parte |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/class/Thermococci |title=Thermococci |access-date=2025-02-28 |publisher=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) |display-authors=et al.}}
| subdivision_ranks = Orders
| subdivision =
| synonyms =
- "Methanofastidiosia" corrig. Nobu et al. 2016
- Protoarchaea Cavalier-Smith 2002
- "Thermococcia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
}}
File:Schematic diagram of a Thermococcus gammatolerans cell.jpg
File:Pyrococcus furiosus.png]]
Thermococci is a class of microbes within the Euryarchaeota.See the NCBI [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=183968 webpage on Thermococci]. Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=http://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information | accessdate=2007-03-19}}
They live in extremely hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents, and they have optimal growth temperatures above 80 °C. Thermococcus and Pyrococcus (literally "balls of fire") are both obligately anaerobic chemoorganotrophs.
Thermococcus prefers 70–95 °C and Pyrococcus 70-100 °C. Palaeococcus helgesonii, recently discovered in the Tyrrhenian Sea, is an aerobic chemoheterotrophic that grows at temperatures of 45–85 °C with an optimal temperature of 80 °C.
Thermococcus gammatolerans sp. nov. was recently discovered in the Guaymas Basin, and it grows at temperatures from 55 to 95 °C with an optimal temperature around 88 °C with an optimal pH of 6. It has pronounced radioresistance and can survive gamma radiation at 30 kGy.{{cite news |title=Airspade |url=https://arboraeration.com/airspade/ |access-date=13 June 2023}}
Thermococcus grows on organic substrates where there is a higher capacity of elemental sulfur. This archaeon mostly grows between temperatures 60–100 degrees Celsius. The average temperature where they thrive is around 85 degrees Celsius.
The DNA structure has a cicular genome with around 2,353 coding sequence, and 2,306 are identified.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal | last = Cavalier-Smith | first = T | date = 2002 | title = The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 52 | pages = 7–76 | pmid = 11837318 | issue = Pt 1 | doi=10.1099/00207713-52-1-7| doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal|last1=Marguet|first1=Evelyne|last2=Gaudin|first2=Marie|last3=Gauliard|first3=Emilie|last4=Fourquaux|first4=Isabelle|last5=le Blond du Plouy|first5=Stephane|last6=Matsui|first6=Ikuo|last7=Forterre|first7=Patrick|title=Membrane vesicles, nanopods and/or nanotubes produced by hyperthermophilic archaea of the genus Thermococcus|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|date=2013|volume=41|issue=1|pages=436–442|doi=10.1042/BST20120293|pmid=23356325}}
- {{cite journal | last = Woese | first = CR |author2=Kandler O |author3=Wheelis ML | date = 1990 | title = Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA | volume = 87 | pages = 4576–4579 | pmid = 2112744 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576 | issue = 12 | pmc = 54159 | bibcode=1990PNAS...87.4576W| doi-access = free }}
- {{cite book | author = Zillig W | author2 = Reysenbach AL | date = 2001 | chapter = Class IV (sic) [V]. Thermococci class. nov. | title = Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria | edition = 2nd | editor = DR Boone | editor2 = RW Castenholz | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/169 169] | publisher = Springer Verlag | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-387-98771-2 | url = https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/169 }}
- {{cite book | author = Garrity GM | author2 = Holt JG | date = 2001 | chapter = Phylum AII. Euryarchaeota phy. nov. | title = Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria | edition = 2nd | editor = DR Boone | editor2 = RW Castenholz | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/169 169] | publisher = Springer Verlag | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-387-98771-2 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/169 }}
{{Archaea classification}}
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