Thermophobia
{{Short description|Intolerance for high temperatures}}
Thermophobia (adjective: thermophobic) is intolerance for high temperatures by either inorganic materials or organisms.{{cite web|url=http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/Glossary/Glossary.cfm?TermEnglish=thermophobic|title=Glossary for "thermophobic"|accessdate=2006-11-04}} The term has a number of specific usages.
In pharmacy, a thermophobic foam consisting of 0.1% betamethasone valerate was found to be at least as effective as conventional remedies for treating dandruff. In addition, the foam is non-greasy and does not irritate the scalp.{{cite journal |url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/458573 |title=Efficacy of Betamethasone Valerate 0.1% Thermophobic Foam |first9=G |last10=Felice |first10=Giovanni |last9=Di Turi |first8=M |last8=Zurilli |first7=V |last7=Marzocca |first6=E |last6=Fuzio |first5=C |last5=Frisario |first4=C |last4=Fiorella |first3=R |last3=Gramazio |journal= Curr Med Res Opin |first2=S |issue=4 |pages=342–5 |last2=Antonio Di Molfetta |date=August 4, 2003 |pmid=12841928 |volume=19 |doi=10.1185/030079903125001875 |author=Milani, Massimo|s2cid=20044143 |display-authors=8 |url-access=subscription }}{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-114717275.html|title=New anti-dandruff foam looks promising|publisher=Dermatology Times|date=March 1, 2004|accessdate=2006-11-04}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Another use of thermophobic material is in treating hyperhydrosis of the axilla and the palm: A thermophobic foam named Bettamousse developed by Mipharm, an Italian company, was found to treat hyperhydrosis effectively.{{cite journal |vauthors=Innocenzi D, Lupi F, Bruni F, Frasca M, Panetta C, Milani M |title=Efficacy of a new aluminium salt thermophobic foam in the treatment of axillary and palmar primary hyperhidrosis: a pilot exploratory trial |journal=Curr Med Res Opin |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=1949–53 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16368045 |doi=10.1185/030079905X74899 |s2cid=20789237 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.mipharm.it/innovation%20tech/index.htm|title=Information on Bettamousse from Mipharm company website|accessdate=2006-11-04 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060524174336/http://www.mipharm.it/innovation%20tech/index.htm |archivedate = 2006-05-24}}
In biology, some bacteria are thermophobic, such as mycobacterium leprae which causes leprosy.{{cite web|url=http://www.itg.be/itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/22_Leprosyp7.htm|title=Leprosy notes|accessdate=2006-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829091037/http://www.itg.be/itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/22_Leprosyp7.htm|archive-date=2007-08-29|url-status=dead}} Thermophobic response in living organisms is negative response to higher temperatures.
In physics, thermophobia is motion of particles in mixtures (solutions, suspensions, etc.) towards the areas of lower temperatures, a particular case of thermophoresis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Iacopini S, Piazza R |title=Thermophoresis in protein solutions |journal=Europhys. Lett. |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=247–53 |date=2003-07-01 |doi=10.1209/epl/i2003-00520-y |bibcode=2003EL.....63..247I |s2cid=250804369 |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/7722.html|url-access=subscription }}
In medicine, thermophobia refers to a sensory dysfunction, sensation of abnormal heat, which may be associated with, e.g., hyperthyroidism.{{cite journal |vauthors=Duclaux R, Cabanac M |title=[Physiopathology of thermophobia in hyperthyroidism] |language=French |journal=Lyon Med |volume=225 |issue=12 |pages=1241–3 |date=June 1971 |pmid=5122011 }}