Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury

Born Thomas Brudenell, he was the youngest son of George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan and Lady Elizabeth Bruce. He was the younger brother of George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, James Brudenell, 5th Earl of Cardigan and the Honourable Robert Brudenell. He was educated at Winchester College. In February 1747, aged 17, he succeeded his uncle, the 4th Earl of Elgin and 3rd and last Earl of Ailesbury, as 2nd Baron Bruce of Tottenham according to a special remainder in the letters patent.{{cn|date=August 2024}} In 1767 he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Bruce.{{London Gazette|issue=10793|page=2|date=26–29 December 1767}}

File:Coat of Arms of Thomas Brudenell-Bruce 1st Earl of Ailesbury.svg

When the Wiltshire Militia was embodied on 8 November 1758 he was commissioned as its Colonel. He (and many of his officers) resigned in 1770 when the Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire promoted a junior officer to the vacant position of Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment.Kenrick, p. 303.

Lord Bruce served as a Lord of the Bedchamber to King George III, and was briefly in May 1776 Governor to the Prince of Wales and Prince Frederick. In June 1776 he was created Earl of Ailesbury (later styled Aylesbury), in the County of Buckingham,{{London Gazette |issue=11672 |date=4 June 1776 |page=1 }} a revival of the earldom which had become extinct on his uncle's death. He subsequently served as Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire from 1780 to 1782, as Lord Chamberlain to Queen Charlotte from 1780 to 1792 and as Treasurer to Queen Charlotte from 1792 to 1814.

On 29 November 1786 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Thistle.

He hired Capability Brown to work on Tottenham House from 1764 to c 1770.{{Cite book |last=Stroud |first=Dorothy |title=Capability Brown |date=1 October 1984 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=9780571134052 |edition=5th |location=Boston |publication-date=1 October 1984}}{{Cite journal |last=Willis |first=Peter |date=1984 |title=Capability Brown's account with Drummonds Bank, 1753-1783 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/architectural-history/article/capability-browns-account-with-drummonds-bank-17531783/A7CEF9493F115486C7C306EEA038AA7D |journal=Architectural History |volume=27 |pages=382–391|doi=10.2307/1568480 |jstor=1568480 }}

Lord Ailesbury married firstly, Susanna Hoare, daughter of the banker Henry Hoare and widow of Charles Boyle, Viscount Dungarvan, on 17 February 1761; her only child from her first marriage was Henrietta O'Neill, later a successful poet. They had five children:

• Lady Caroline Anne Brudenell-Bruce (d. 1824), died unmarried.
• George Brudenell-Bruce, Lord Bruce (1762–1783), died unmarried.
• Lady Frances Elizabeth Brudenell-Bruce (1765–1836), married Sir Henry Wright-Wilson, MP for St Albans.
• Hon. Charles Brudenell-Bruce (1767–1768), died in infancy.
• Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Marquess of Ailesbury (1773–1856).

Susanna, Countess of Ailesbury, died on 4 February 1783. Lord Ailesbury married as his second wife Lady Anne Elizabeth Rawdon (1753-1813), eldest daughter of John Rawdon, 1st Earl of Moira, on 14 February 1788. There were no children from this marriage. She died on 8 January 1813. Lord Ailesbury died at Seamore Place, Mayfair, London, in April 1814, aged eighty-four. He was succeeded in the earldom by his third but only surviving son, Charles, who was created Marquess of Ailesbury in 1821.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

{{Gallery

| align = center

|File:Susanna Hoare (1732-1783) by William Hoare of Bath.jpg|Lord Ailesbury's first wife, Susanna Hoare, was the widow of Charles Boyle, Viscount Dungarvan.

|File:Caroline Anne Brudedenell-Bruce (d 1824) by Mary Hoare (1744 - 1820).jpg|Lord Ailesbury's eldest daughter Lady Caroline Anne Brudenell-Bruce died unmarried in 1824.

|File:George Brudenell-Bruce, Lord Bruce, (1762-1783) by William Hoare of Bath.jpg|Lord Ailesbury's eldest son George, Lord Bruce, died at the age of 20 or 21.

|File:Frances Elizabeth Brudenell-Bruce (1765-1836) by William Hoare of Bath.jpg|Lord Ailesbury's second daughter Lady Frances Elizabeth Brudenell-Bruce later married Sir Henry Wright-Wilson of Chelsea Park, Middlesex.

|File:Charles Brudenell-Bruce, later 1st Marquess of Ailesbury (1773-1856) by William Hoare of Bath.jpg|Lord Ailesbury's third and youngest son, Charles, later 1st Marquess of Ailesbury.

}}

• correspondence and papersWRO [43] 15th HMC Report App VII
• papersWRO 9, 100, 111; NRA 30725; Principal Family estate correspondence, 1996, A-K [12a]
• miscellaneous correspondence 1753-1809BL, MSS, II, 1984
• 1796-1807 correspondence with Duke of BuccleuchNRS GD224/663; NRA 34806
• 196-1807 Letters to Sir R J BuxtonCUL BP; NRA 42238
• correspondence with Lord ElginNRAS 3955; NRA 26223 Bruce
• 1766-68 - ten letters to Lord Rockingham.Sheffield City Archives WWM; WRA 1083 Wentworth Woodhouse

• {{cite book|first=John|last=Debrett|title=Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland|volume= 1/2|publisher=Adamant Media Corp.|year=2002}}
• {{cite book|first=Marquess of|last=Ailesbury|title=The History of Savernake Forest|edition=first|year=1962}}
• {{cite book|first=duke|last=Henning|title=History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790-1820|editor=Thorne|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=1986}}
• Col N.C.E. Kenrick, The Story of the Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's): The 62nd and 99th Foot (1756–1959), the Militia and the Territorials, the Service Battalions and all those others who have served or been affiliated with the Moonrakers, Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1963.

{{Reflist}}

• {{Hansard-contribs | mr-thomas-brudenell-bruce | Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury }}
• [http://historyofparliamentonline.org Brudenell Bruce]

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