Thomas Frederick (Royal Navy officer)
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Thomas Lennox Frederick
|birth_date=25 March 1750
|death_date={{death date and age|1799|10|7|1750|3|25|df=y}}
|image=Portrait of Vice Admiral Sir Thomas L. Frederick.jpg
|caption=Admiral Thomas L. Frederick, 1799, by Robert Bowyer.
|birth_place = St George Hanover Square, London
|death_place = Nottingham Place, London
|nickname=
|residence = England
|nationality = British
|allegiance={{flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
|serviceyears=1770 – 1799
|rank=Rear-Admiral of the Red
|branch= {{navy|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
|commands={{HMS|Spy|1776|6}}
{{HMS|Swift|1777|6}}
{{HMS|Fairy|1778|6}}
{{HMS|Unicorn|1776|6}}
{{HMS|Diomede|1781|6}}
{{HMS|Romulus|1785|6}}
{{HMS|Illustrious|1789|6}}
{{HMS|Blenheim|1761|6}}
|unit=
|battles=
{{tree list}}
- American War of Independence
- French Revolutionary Wars
- Siege of Toulon
- Battle of Genoa
- Battle of Cape St Vincent
{{tree list/end}}
|awards=
|relations=Sir Charles Frederick (father)
}}
Rear-Admiral Thomas Lennox Frederick (25 March 1750 – 7 October 1799) was an officer in the Royal Navy who served during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars. He was a highly educated officer and a very greatly esteemed seaman, rising to the rank of rear-admiral of the red.
Early life
He was born on 25 March 1750, in the parish of St George's, Hanover Square. He was the son of Sir Charles Frederick, the Surveyor-General of the Ordnance, and Lucy Boscawen. His grandfather was Sir John Frederick. Thomas first went to sea in 1768, under Captain Peter Parker.Pettigrew, p.87
American War of Independence
From October 1776 to 1779, he commanded successively {{HMS|Spy|1776|6}}, {{HMS|Swift|1777|6}}, {{HMS|Fairy|1778|6}}, and after having been promoted to post-captain, he was appointed to command {{HMS|Unicorn|1776|6}}. On 4 September 1780 he was in command of Unicorn when he had the misfortune of encountering, in a fog off Tortuga, a French frigate and two ships of the line that captured him. The subsequent court martial honourably acquitted Frederick for the loss of his ship, and in October 1781 he received command of the 44-gun frigate {{HMS|Diomede|1781|6}}. On 20 December 1782, during the Battle of the Delaware Capes Frederick, along with the {{HMS|Quebec|1781|6}}, captured the 40-gun American frigate South Carolina after a chase of eighteen hours on the Delaware River.Isaac Schomberg: Naval chronology: or, An historical summary of naval & maritime..., Vol 2. p.88. (1802).
Years of peace
From May 1790 to September 1791 Thomas Frederick commanded the 44-gun {{HMS|Romulus|1785|6}}.
French Revolutionary Wars
On the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars, he was appointed to {{HMS|Illustrious|1789|6}}, a 74-gun third rate. He was present with Admiral Lord Hood at the Siege of Toulon, and as a commanding officer of his ship, he saw action at the Battle of Genoa against the French fleet.Gregory Fremont-Barnes: The Royal Navy 1793-1815, p.78. Osprey Publishing. His ship fought two French third rates, defeating both of them, and was so damaged that {{HMS|Meleager|1785|6}} had to take her in tow. She was then caught in a storm on her return to port and grounded. Although other British vessels arrived they were unable to get her off. The British set her on fire and abandoned her.Hepper (1994), p. 78.
Frederick's next command, in June 1795, was the 90-gun {{HMS|Blenheim|1761|6}}, which took part in the long blockade off Toulon. While in command he saw action at the Battle of Cape Saint Vincent,Geoffrey Martin Bennett: Nelson, the commander, p.97. (1972) where the outnumbered British squadron under Sir John Jervis defeated the Spanish fleet.Pettigrew, p.88 After taking a convoy to Lisbon, Frederick joined Jervis, Earl St. Vincent, on the resumption of the blockade of Cadiz.Pettigrew, p.88
File:Cleveley, Cape St Vincent.jpg]]
Frederick was promoted to rear-admiral of the blue on 20 February 1797. In the autumn of 1798 he returned to Great Britain and later that year he raised his flag in the 98-gun {{HMS|Prince George|1772|6}}. He later commanded the 90-gun {{HMS|Princess Royal|1773|6}}, which paid off in September 1799.Pettigrew, p.88 Unfortunately, Frederick's health had severely deteriorated and he died on 7 October 1799 in Nottingham Place, London.
Notes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
References
- {{cite book|last=Hepper|first=David J.|year=1994|title=British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859|publisher=Jean Boudriot|location=Rotherfield|isbn=0-948864-30-3}}
- {{Cite book | last = Pettigrew | first = Thomas Joseph | title = Memoirs of the life of vice-admiral lord viscount Nelson, Vol I. | year = 1849}}
External links
- [http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=487 Thomas Frederick at threedecks.org]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederick, Thomas}}
Category:Royal Navy rear admirals
Category:Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Category:Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars