Thomas Jonathan Burrill

{{Short description|American botanist and plant pathologist (1839–1916)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Thomas Jonathan Burrill

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1839|04|25}}

| birth_place = Pittsfield, Massachusetts, US

| death_date = {{Death date and age |1916|04|14|1839|04|25}}

| death_place =

| image = Thomas Jonathan Burrill.jpg

| image_upright =

| alt =

| caption =

| order = 3rd

| office = President of the University of Illinois system

| status = Acting

| term_start = 1891

| term_end = 1894

| predecessor = Selim Peabody

| successor = Andrew S. Draper

| alma_mater = Illinois State Normal University

| profession = {{hlist|College administrator|botanist|plant pathologist}}

}}

Thomas Jonathan Burrill (April 25, 1839 – April 14, 1916) was an American botanist, plant pathologist, and college administrator who first discovered bacterial causes for plant disease.{{cite journal|title=Thomas Jonathan Burrill: April 25, 1839-April 14, 1916|journal=Transactions of the American Microscopical Society|volume= 35|issue= 4|date=Oct 1916|pages=269–270|jstor=3221912}} He introduced Erwinia amylovora (called by him Micrococcus amylovorus) as the causal agent of pear fire blight.{{cite journal |last1=Glawe |first1=Dean A. |title=Thomas J. Burrill, Pioneer in Plant Pathology |journal=Annual Review of Phytopathology |date=September 1992 |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=17–25 |doi=10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.000313 |pmid=19025361 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.000313 |access-date=22 March 2023 |language=en |issn=0066-4286|url-access=subscription }}

Born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, he moved with his family at age 9 to a farm in Stephenson County, Illinois.{{cite book|author= Rogers, A. D. III |title=Erwini Frink Smith|series=Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society|volume=31|date=1952|page=675}} Burrill graduated Illinois State Normal University in 1865,{{cite magazine|title=BURRILL, Thomas Jonathan|magazine=The International Who's Who in the World|year=1912|page=213|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I-wRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213}} and then worked for two years as superintendent of the Urbana public schools. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1881.

Burrill was selected by John Wesley Powell to be the botanist for an expedition to the Colorado Rocky Mountains in 1867. Eight of 12 members of the expedition party made an ascent of Pikes Peak but it is not known if Burrill was among them.{{sfnp|Watson|1950|page=303}} Most of Burrill's botanical collections were lost when a burro loaded with bundles of dried plants was drowned while fording a swollen mountain stream.{{sfnp|Ewan|Ewan|1981|page=33}}

After the Colorado expedition, Burrill began teaching algebra as an assistant professor in 1869. He soon switched to teaching botany and by 1870 was promoted to professor. In 1868, he was elected professor of botany and horticulture at University of Illinois and remained there the rest of his career, eventually serving as Vice President in 1882.{{cite journal|author=Smith, Erwin F.|authorlink=Erwin Frink Smith|title=In Memoriam: Thomas Jonathan Burrill|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|date=May 1916|volume=1|issue=3|pages=269.b2–271|doi=10.1128/JB.1.3.ii-271.1916|pmc=378653|url=}} Burrill served as acting regent of the University of Illinois from 1891 until 1894.{{Cite web|title=Burrill 1891-1894|url=https://www.uillinois.edu/president/history/about_the_presidents/burrill|last=|first=|date=|website=University of Illinois System, President's Office|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}

{{botanist|Burrill}}