Thomas Sturge the elder

{{Short description|London tallow chandler, oil merchant, spermaceti processor and philanthropist}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Thomas Sturge senior

| image =

| alt =

| caption =

| birth_name =

| birth_date = 1749

| birth_place = Olveston, Gloucestershire

| death_date = 11 August 1825

| death_place = Bath, England

| nationality = British

| other_names =

| occupation = tallow chandler and oil merchant

| years_active =

| known_for =

| notable_works = philanthropist, education reformer

}}

Thomas Sturge the Elder (1749 – 11 August 1825) was a London tallow chandler, oil merchant, spermaceti processor and philanthropist. He was a Quaker.

Business career

Sturge was born into a farming family at Olveston, Gloucestershire, in 1749.England and Wales, Quaker Birth, Marriage and Death Registers, 1378–1837 (Ancestry.com). He was an apprentice at Poole, Dorset, by 1766, and afterwards began work as an oil-leather dresser. He seems to have been in London by 1782, where he worked as a tallow chandler and oil merchant.Westminster Rate Books, 1634-1900 (findmypast.com) By 1785 he was at Walworth and then at Newington Butts, Elephant and Castle. He is also named as a spermaceti refiner there by 1791.Conveyancing document, dated 25 March 1791, for a property at Olveston, Gloucestershire, mentions Thomas Sturge, spermaceti refiner, Newington, Surrey (familydeeds.org).

Reformer and philanthropist

Sturge was a devout Quaker and an elder of the society in London. Like many other Quakers, he took an interest in social reform and gave financial support to worthy causes. He took a particular interest in education and was an early supporter of Joseph Lancaster (1788–1838), a fellow Quaker, neighbour and friend at Newington Butts.He was in 1799 one of the first two financial supporters of an Ackworth School providing free education to poor children in London. (Ackworth School Catalogue, (1831) p. 1,800; Joseph Lancaster & William Corston, Improvements in Education, as it respects the Industrious Classes in the Community, London, 1804, p .2, (reprinted, Cambridge, 2014); "Lancaster's Plan for Educating Poor Children," The Belfast Monthly Magazine, Vol. 3, October 1809, p. 282. Lancaster developed a system of cheap mass education for the poor known as the Lancastrian Method, in which more advanced students were employed to instruct the younger children under the direction of an adult teacher. This system of peer tutoring came to be used widely in Europe and America in the first half of the 19th century to provide basic education for many poor children who might otherwise have received no instruction at all.[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Lancaster Joseph Lancaster (1778–1838), Encyclopaedia Britannica] Sturge was a member of the Committee of the Royal British or Lancastrian System of Education by 1808, which was renamed the British and Foreign School Society in 1819.Cardiff Times, 15 September 1888, p. 1.

Sturge gave his support to other forms of education. In 1804 he made a donation to the School for the Indigent Poor, St George's Fields, London.The Morning Chronicle, 22 July 1804. He, or his son Thomas Junior, was also supporting the education of the deaf by May 1821.List of Governors and officers of the asylum for the support and education of the deaf and dumb children of the poor, London, 1821, p. 175.

Thomas Sturge was a founding member of the Peace Society in 1816.{{cite book |last1=Ceadel |first1=Martin |title=The origins of war prevention: the British peace movement and international relations, 1730-1854 |date=1996 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780198226741 |edition=Reprint |page=521}}.

Family life

Sturge married Lydia Moxhan in 1790. The couple had at least ten children.They married at Melksham, Wiltshire, on 2 January 1790. (International Genealogical Index) [https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/igi] Early in the 19th century, he took into the business at least four of his sons, including his namesake Thomas Sturge the younger. The firm then became Thomas Sturge & Sons.{{sfn|Howard|2015|p=413}}

Thomas Sturge the elder died at Bath on 11 August 1825.The Times, 18 August 1825.

Thomas Sturge the elder

Business career

Reformer and philanthropist

Family life

References

Further reading