Thumbless bat
{{Short description|Species of bat}}
{{Distinguish|text=Smoky bat (Amorphochilus schnablii), also known as the thumbless bat}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Furipterus horrens 328727700.jpg
| image_alt = Gray bat held by fingers
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Furipterus
| parent_authority = Bonaparte, 1837
| species = horrens
| authority = (F. Cuvier, 1828){{cite journal |last1=Cuvier |first1=F. |title=description d'un nouveau genre de chauve-souris sous le nom de Furie |journal=Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle. |date=1828 |volume=16 |page=150 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26228709 |publisher=G. Dufour}}
| range_map = Thumbless_Bat_area.png
}}
The thumbless bat (Furipterus horrens) is a species of insectivorous bat in the family Furipteridae, in the monotypic genus Furipterus. They have a small thumb which is included in the membrane of the wing, causing the 'thumbless' appearance.{{Cite book|last=Nowak|first=Ronald|title=Walker's Mammals of the World|edition=Fifth|year=1991|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-3970-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof01nowa}}
Taxonomy
The thumbless bat belongs to the family Furipteridae (Mammalia: Chiroptera) which is currently composed of only two genera: Amorphochilus and Furipterus. Both genera are monotypic.{{cn|date=April 2019}} The first description of the species was proposed by Frédéric Cuvier in 1828, separating the taxon to a new genus Furia.{{MSW3 Chiroptera|id=13801524}} The taxon was reassigned to Furipterus in 1839 by Charles Bonaparte.
Geographic range
The thumbless bat is found in Central and South America. Its range includes Costa Rica, Panama, southern Brazil and Bolivia.{{cite journal|author=Rafaela Duda|author2= Jeronymo Dalapicolla|author3= Leonora Pires Costa|title=First record of the smoky bat Furipterus horrens (F. Cuvier, 1828) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil|journal=Check List|volume=8|issue=6|pages=1362–1364 |doi=10.15560/8.6.1362|date=1 Dec 2012|doi-access= free|url=https://zenodo.org/records/901221/files/CheckList_article_18586.pdf}}{{cite book|author=Gardner, A.L.|year=2008|chapter=Family Furipteridae Gray, 1866|pages=389–392 |editor=A.L. Gardner|title=Mammals of South America|volume=1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats |location=Chicago|publisher=The University of Chicago Press}}{{cite journal|author=Peracchi, A.L. |author2=M.R. Nogueira|author3=I.P. Lima|year=2011|title=Novos achegos à lista dos quirópteros do município de Linhares, estado do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil (Mammalia, Chiroptera)|journal=Neotropical |volume=17|issue=1|pages=842–852}}{{cite book |last1=Emmons |first1=L.H |title=Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide. |date=1990 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=281}} as well as Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Trinidad, and Peru. In Brazil, it was recorded in twelve different regions covering the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes.Reis and Gazarini 2007, Tavares et al. 2008, Peracchi et al. 2011{{full|date=November 2022}}{{cite book |last1=Peracchi |first1=A.L. |title=Mamíferos do Brasil: guia de identificação |date=2010 |publisher=Technical Books Editora |location=Rio de Janeiro |page=560}}
Population and behavior
Its populations are rare and very local, but widespread.{{cite book|last1=Reid |first1=F. |title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2009}} Male and female bats may live separately during some parts of the year. There were found more than 60 males occupying one hollow.{{cite journal |last1=LaVal |first1=R.K. |title=Notes on some Costa Rican bats. |journal=Brenesia (Museo Nacional de Costa Rica) |date=1977 |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=77–83}} Thumbless bats are aerial and insectivorous.
The thumbless bat is found in caves. Additionally, it is associated with moist environments. Thumbless bats were detected significantly more frequently over large lakes(Emmons and Feer 1997). The moist habitat plays a key role for aerial insectivorous bats. However, thumbless bat's activity is significantly higher in forest compared to the lakes. They roots in small clusters in colonies for up to 60 individuals in caves. The nests are located in deep cracks between rocks.