Thunderbolt (1910 film)

{{Infobox film

| name = Thunderbolt

| image = File:Thunderbolt_movie.png

| caption = The Sun 9 November 1910

| based_on = book Three Years with Thunderbolt by William Monckton and Ambrose Pratt
play Thunderbolt by Ambrose Pratt

| starring = John Gavin

| cinematography = Alfred J. Moulton[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/77718635 Obituary: Mr. A. J. Moulton], Border Watch (Mount Gambier), 2 September 1924, page 3.

| budget = less than £300{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article158401564 |title=Film Theatres and Players. |newspaper=The Sydney Mail |location=NSW |date=16 May 1928 |access-date=31 March 2015 |page=24 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

| distributor = West's Pictures (Qld){{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19662069 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=9 January 1911 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

| studio = Southern Cross Film Enterprise{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article84445755 |title=Theatrical Notes. |newspaper=Queensland Figaro |location=Brisbane |date=1 December 1910 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=16 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

| released = {{Film date|1910|11|12|df=yes}}

| runtime = 4,000 feet{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article122794087 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=The Sunday Times |location=Sydney |date=26 August 1917 |access-date=3 October 2013 |page=21 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} / 66 minutes

| country = Australia

| language = Silent
English intertitles

}}

Thunderbolt is a 1910 Australian feature film based on the life of the bushranger Captain Thunderbolt. It was the directorial debut of John Gavin who later claimed it was the first "four-reel movie" made in Australia.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article115737951 |title=AN AUSTRALIAN PRODUCER. |newspaper=The Arrow |location=Sydney |date=12 August 1916 |access-date=13 September 2013 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}[https://archive.org/stream/movpicwor302movi#page/996/mode/2up/search/%22australian+photoplay%22 "Australian Notes", The Moving Picture World 18 November 1916 p 996]. Retrieved 20 November 2014 It has also been called the first film made in New South Wales.{{Citation

| title=AUSTRALIAN MOVIE PIONEERS

| journal=The Bulletin

| date=1 February 1939

| location=Sydney, N.S.W

| publisher=John Haynes and J.F. Archibald

| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-576618634

| id=nla.obj-576618634

| access-date=1 July 2024

| via=Trove

}}

The movie was very successful and launched a cycle of bushranger films until they were banned in 1912.{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|title=50 Meat Pie Westerns|date=24 July 2019|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/50-meat-pie-westerns/|access-date=1 July 2024}}{{cite web|website=Senses of Cinema|url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/feature-articles/oz_western/#14|title=More Australian than Aristotelian: The Australian Bushranger Film, 1904-1914|first=William D. |last=Routt|date=December 2001|access-date=28 November 2024}}

Unlike most Australian silent films, part of the film survives today.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lxx_jlfUcGk Extract of film] at National Film and Sound Archive

Synopsis

File:Thunderbolt_1910.jpg

Frederick Ward is a cattle drover earning money for his wedding when he is accused of cattle theft and sentenced to seven years at Cockatoo Island. He escapes three years later by swimming across the water only to learn that his fiancée, Jess Anson, has died of grief. He seeks his revenge by taking on a life of crime, becoming the bushranger Captain Thunderbolt.

He befriends some aboriginal people, steals a racehorse, "Combo", and robs the Moonbi Mail Coach. He then enters "Combo" in a horse race and wins. He is rescued from a police trap involving Chinese by a half-caste girl, Sunday. He is grateful to her and they get married. He then holds up the Carlisle Hotel, and narrowly escapes. He takes on a boy apprentice and Sunday dies. Thunderbolt then dies in a shoot out with police on the riverbank at Uralla.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19662069 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=9 January 1911 |access-date=26 February 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article53410723 |title=ARCADIA THEATRE. |newspaper=The Morning Bulletin |location=Rockhampton, Qld. |date=10 November 1915 |access-date=3 October 2013 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

=Chapter headings=

According to contemporary reports, the various chapter headings were:{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article112091787 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=Queensland Times |location=Ipswich, Queensland |date=16 January 1911 |access-date=3 October 2013 |page=1 |edition=DAILY |publisher=National Library of Australia}}File:Thunderbolt grave.jpg

Arrest of Frederick Ward, Cattle Duffer.
Death Blow of Jess Anson, his Sweetheart.
Thunderbolt's Escape from the Quarry and Great Swim.
Thunderbolt's Vow at the Graveside.
Aboriginal Kindness and Customs of Australian Blacks.
Stealing the Racehorse "Combo."
Bailing up Moonbi Mail Coach.
The Race for the Cup.
"Combo" Wins.
Chinese Cunning and Chinese Strategy.
"Sunday", the Half-caste Girl, Saving Thunderbolt.
His Gratitude and Marriage.
Sticking up the Carlisle Hotel.
Thunderbolt's Race for Life.
The Boy Apprentice.
The Death of Sunday
The Dramatic Death of Thunderbolt in the River.

Cast

John Gavin as Thunderbolt
Ruby Butler as Jess Anson/Sunday{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102798856 |title=Theatrical Gossip. |newspaper=The Newsletter: an Australian Paper for Australian People |location=Sydney |date=3 December 1910 |access-date=3 October 2013 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
H.A. Forsyth as Monckton, the boy bushranger
Charles Henry Lay as the prison gang guard and later the sergeant of police.C.H. Lay was my grandfather, a thespian, and I recognise the nose!

Production

File:Thunderbolt rocks.jpg

The film was based on the book Three Years With Thunderbolt and its play adaptation Thunderbolt. R.F. Stephens later claimed he was the one who suggested adapting the play to John Gavin.{{Citation

| title=Local Films: Kelly Gang, Thunderbolt The Roaring Days Of The One-Night Stands

| journal=Everyones.

| date=23 June 1937

| location=Sydney

| publisher=Everyones Ltd

| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-577573448

| id=nla.obj-577573448

| access-date=1 July 2024

| via=Trove

}}

H. A. Forsyth produced the film and adapted the play into a screenplay. He also appeared in the film as a young bushranger. John Gavin directed and played the lead role.

The female lead, Ruby Butler, was a model and beauty contest winner.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article221591974 |title=THE STAR OF THE SOUTH. |newspaper=The Sun |issue=291 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=5 June 1911 |accessdate=1 July 2024 |page=3 (LATEST EDITION) |via=National Library of Australia}}

Because the film was longer than the typical movies of the time Gavin later claimed that "everyone warned him that his venture was doomed to failure".

Shooting took place in October and November 1910 Lithgow and Hartley Vale, with extras recruited from local miners who were then on strike.Andrew Pike and Ross Cooper, Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998, 12. Forsyth told the press Lithgow was chosen due to its resemblance to the area where Thunderbolt operated. The scene depicting the death of Thunderbolt was shot near the second junction bridge, on tho road from Bowenfels to Rydal.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article218494138 |title=CINEMATOGRAPHY IN LITHGOW. |newspaper=Lithgow Mercury |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=2 November 1910 |accessdate=1 July 2024 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} One scene was shot at the Gap, ten miles from Lithgow.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102799599 |title=Theatrical Gossip. |newspaper=The Newsletter: An Australian Paper for Australian People |volume=14 |issue=10 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=19 November 1910 |accessdate=1 July 2024 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} Gavin later recalled:

When the troopers had to shoot Thunderbolt with blank cartridges, the lead was taken out and the space filled with hard soap. Being near a brewery, both bushrangers and troopers wore imbibing frequently, with the result that when the chase along the road was to commence, nearly all the supers were pretty nigh ‘full of hops. You can believe me, the American cowboy had nothing on some of that wild bunch.{{Citation

| title=When the Australian-Produced Picture Made Big Money.

| journal=Everyones.

| date=9 May 1923

| location=Sydney

| publisher=Everyones Ltd

| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-562121240

| id=nla.obj-562121240

| access-date=1 July 2024

| via=Trove

}}

The shoot reportedly took less than three weeks.

Reception

A film called Thunderbolt, about the bushranger, was screened in Wagga Wagga in February 1910.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article145406110 |title=PASTIMES WEEKLY ENTERTAINMENT. |newspaper=Wagga Wagga Express |location=NSW |date=1 February 1910 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} It is unclear whether this is the Gavin film, which officially premiered in Sydney on 12 November 1910.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article15206175 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=12 November 1910 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

The movie was usually screened accompanied by a lecturer.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19658692 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |date=11 January 1911 |access-date=26 February 2012 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

=Critical=

Reviews were generally positive. One critic, for The Newsletter, wrote that:

The film has been admirably produced, being as clear and as distinct as any yet shown in Australia, and great credit is due to the bio operator, Mr. Moulton... Mr. Jack Gavin made an impressive Thunderbolt, being a fine upstanding man, big-enough to fight Jack Johnson; and Mr. Bert Forsyth was all that could be desired as Monkton, the boy bushranger. Mr. H. A. Forsyth is to be congratulated upon the success of his initial attempt at picture production, and his efforts augur well for his success in future efforts.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102799561 |title=Thunderbolt—Moving Pictures. |newspaper=The Newsletter: an Australian Paper for Australian People |location=Sydney |date=19 November 1910 |access-date=3 October 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

The Newcastle Herald stated that:

The various scenes were shown with a clearness that lent realism to the picture, which is one of the best ever thrown on the screen in Newcastle. The outlaw's swim from Cockatoo Island, where he had been imprisoned, was a very fine scene, and his theft of a horse followed by his sticking up of the Moonbi mail coach, in which the antics of the passengers caused amusement, was excellent.... The audience showed appreciation by loud applause, which the picture deserved thoroughly.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133903817 |title=DREAMLAND PICTURES. |newspaper=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate |date=21 November 1910 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

The Bunbury Southern Times said that the film "is said to be a masterpiece in motion picture cinematography. This picture is full of exciting and sensational plots."{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article158888522 |title=Cinemato. Chat. |newspaper=Southern Times |location=Bunbury, WA |date=23 March 1911 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

=Box office=

The film was a big success at the box office. Gavin said it was "a very successful money maker" that made "a fortune" for its investors. A writer for The Newsletter called it "a boon unprecedented in the annals of local picture showdom."{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102801062 |title=Australian Enterprise. |newspaper=The Newsletter: an Australian Paper for Australian People |location=Sydney |date=24 December 1910 |access-date=3 October 2013 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} Another article in the same publication said the film was "proving a big draw wherever exhibited, in fact a perfect money spinner, and the firm is troubled to supply the demand the demand made upon their film department."{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102798828 |title=Theatrical Gossip. |newspaper=The Newsletter: An Australian Paper for Australian People |volume=14 |issue=12 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=3 December 1910 |accessdate=1 July 2024 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Thunderbolt was so popular, Forsyth indicated he wanted to make further bushranger movies.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102798828 |title=Theatrical Gossip. |newspaper=The Newsletter: an Australian Paper for Australian People |location=Sydney |date=3 December 1910 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} The Sunday Sun declared, "Forsyth has a mine of suitable matter right under his hand, and he has already, demonstrated that the "Southern Cross Enterprise" is capable of producing films of a merit, which renders it unnecessary for showmen to seek their cinematographic repertoire abroad."{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226876484 |title=MUSIC AND DRAMA. |newspaper=The Sunday Sun |issue=400 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=27 November 1910 |accessdate=1 July 2024 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}} Gavin and Forsyth subsequently went on to make a film about Captain Moonlite. Then the two went their separate ways and Gavin made movies on Ben Hall and Frank Gardiner. In advertising Forsyth would claim he was the "original creator" of the films on Thunderbolt and Moonlite, not mentioning Gavin at all.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article120788232 |title=Advertising. |newspaper=The Sunday Times |location=Sydney |date=8 January 1911 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=1 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}

Thunderbolt was still screening in theatres as late as 1916.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article91164786 |title=J.B. PICTURES. |newspaper=Port Melbourne Standard |location=Vic. |date=25 November 1916 |access-date=3 October 2013 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} Gavin wanted to re-release the film in 1922 but was unable to do so due to the ban on bushranging films introduced in 1912.{{Citation

| title=No title

| journal=Everyones.

| date=1 November 1922

| location=Sydney

| publisher=Everyones Ltd

| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-560828758

| id=nla.obj-560828758

| access-date=1 July 2024

| via=Trove

}}

The film today

The film was thought lost but in 1992 1,452 feet of surviving footage constituting 24 minutes was donated to the National Film and Sound Archive in a cake tin.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126975933 |title=MAGAZINE. |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=13 February 1993 |access-date=30 March 2015 |page=4 Section: Saturday Magazine |publisher=National Library of Australia}} According to the Archive, "the acting in the surviving footage is broad and unconvincing, and several scenes are poorly shot so that the principal action is in fact taking place in the distance rather than the foreground of the shot."[https://archive.today/20121130181759/http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;holdingType=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number:66261;querytype=;rec=0;resCount=10 Thunderbolt] at National Film and Sound Archive

Lawsuit

In 1929 Gavin successfully sued Australasan Films for £150 over losing a copy of the movie.{{Citation

| title=Gavin Gets £150 Verdict Against A.F. for "Thunderbolt"

| journal=Everyones.

| date=19 June 1929

| location=Sydney

| publisher=Everyones Ltd

| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-591960125

| id=nla.obj-591960125

| access-date=1 July 2024

| via=Trove

}}{{Citation

| title=Negro Act Due: First Since Sonny Clay.

| journal=Everyones.

| date=12 June 1929

| location=Sydney

| publisher=Everyones Ltd

| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-583036605

| id=nla.obj-583036605

| access-date=1 July 2024

| via=Trove

}}{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article239907661 |title="THUNDERBOLT" IN COURT |newspaper=The Labor Daily |issue=1723 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=12 June 1929 |accessdate=1 July 2024 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}

References

External links

{{IMDb title|0203986}}
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lxx_jlfUcGk 24 minute extract of film] on National Film and Sound Archive YouTube channel
[https://letterboxd.com/film/thunderbolt-1910/ Thunderbolt] at Letterbox DVD
[https://archive.today/20121130181759/http://colsearch.nfsa.afc.gov.au/nfsa/search/display/display.w3p;adv=yes;group=;groupequals=;holdingType=;page=0;parentid=;query=Number:66261;querytype=;rec=0;resCount=10 Thunderbolt at the National Film and Sound Archive]
{{AusStage|event/106259|Thunderbolt (1910 film)}}