Thymops
{{Short description|Species of lobster}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Thymops birsteini
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = {{Cite journal | author = R. Wahle | title = Thymops birsteini | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2011 | page = e.T170038A6717105 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2011 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T170038A6717105.en | doi-access = free }}
| genus = Thymops
| parent_authority = Holthuis, 1974 {{ITIS |id=552911 |taxon=Thymops}}
| species = birsteini
| authority = (Zarenkov & Semenov, 1972) {{ITIS |id=552925 |taxon=Thymops birsteini}}
| synonyms = Nephropides birsteini Zarenkov & Semenov, 1972
}}
Thymops birsteini, the Patagonian lobsterette, is a species of lobster found around the coasts of South America, particularly the South Atlantic. It belongs to the monotypic genus Thymops.
Distribution
T. birsteini is found on the continental shelf around South America, particularly in the Argentine Sea. In the Atlantic Ocean, it is found south of 37° south, with Uruguay representing the northern extremity of its distribution;{{cite web |url=http://www.dinara.gub.uy/web_dinara/index.php?view=article&catid=37%3Arecursos-pesqueros&id=108%3Alangostaoceanica&option=com_content&Itemid=63 |title=Langosta oceánica |language=Spanish |publisher=Dirección Nacional de Recurcos Acuaticos |author=Arianna Masello}} on the Chilean (Pacific) side, it is found south of 51° south.{{cite web |url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/lobsters.php?menuentry=soorten&id=212 |author=Lipke Holthuis |author-link=Lipke Holthuis |year=1990 |title=Thymops birsteini |work=Marine Lobsters of the World |publisher=FAO}} Its range includes the areas around the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and areas near South Georgia, extending as far south as 57°, close to the Antarctic Peninsula.{{cite web |publisher=GBIF Data Portal |url=http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20m?kind=Thymops |title=Discover Life map of Thymops |accessdate=February 2, 2009}} It lives at depths of {{convert|120|-|1500|m}}.{{cite web |url=http://atlas.ambiente.gov.ar/tematicas/mt_02/pdfs/CR_Thymops_birsteini.pdf |title=Thymops birsteini |work=Atlas de Sensibilidad Ambiental de la Costa y el Mar Argentino |author=Enrique E. Boschi |publisher=Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable}}
Description
T. birsteini resembles a typical lobster, with two large claws, four other pairs of pereiopods, and a long pleon (tail). The carapace is granular, especially in the front half, and it bears a rostrum which divides into two points at its tip. The total length may range from {{convert|8|to|25|cm}}, with the carapace being {{convert|2|-|10|cm|abbr=on}} long. Smaller individuals are found in shallower waters, and larger individuals are found at greater depths (up to {{convert|1400|m|disp=or|abbr=on}}).{{cite journal |title=Distribution and reproductive biology of a subantarctic deep-sea lobster, the Patagonian lobsterette Thymops birsteini (Zarenkov and Semenov, 1972) (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae) |author1=Vladimir Laptikhovsky |author2=Pablo Reyes |name-list-style=amp |journal=Journal of Natural History |volume=43 |issue=1–2 |year=2009 |pages=35–46 |doi=10.1080/00222930802567099 |bibcode=2009JNatH..43...35L |s2cid=84827982 |hdl=1834/17083 |hdl-access=free }} There is also latitudinal variation in colour, with northern individuals being pale yellow, while those from further south are maroon.
Ecology
Little is known about the biological interactions of T. birsteini. It is occasionally eaten by the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides.{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |year=2001 |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=1370–1384 |doi=10.1006/jfbi.2001.1748 |title=The stomach contents of Patagonian toothfish around South Georgia (South Atlantic) |author = G. M. Pilling |author2 = M. G. Purves |author3 = T. M. Daw|author4 = D. A. Agnew |author5 = J. C. Xavier |name-list-style = amp |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118974626/abstract|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105122938/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118974626/abstract|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-05|url-access=subscription }} It seems to prefer muddy bottoms, and has been observed entering and exiting burrows.{{cite journal |journal=Antarctic Science |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=16–24 |year=2002 |title=Scavenging by megabenthos and demersal fish on the South Georgia slope |author=Cynthia Yau |author2=Martin A. Collins |author3=Phil M. Bagley |author4=Inigo Everson |author5=Imants G. Priede |name-list-style=amp |doi=10.1017/S0954102002000536|bibcode=2002AntSc..14...16Y |s2cid=130271970 }}
Life cycle
As in other pleocyemates, T. birsteini broods its eggs on the female's pleopods. One female may carry up to 380 eggs, each {{convert|1.5|-|1.9|mm}} in diameter. The eggs grow as they develop to a size of {{convert|2.9|-|3.3|mm|abbr=on}}. Newly hatched larvae have a carapace length of {{convert|1.7|-|2.2|mm|abbr=on}}, and are present in smaller numbers than the eggs, with a maximum of 43 observed on a single female. This extended larval release has previously been found in other sub-Antarctic decapods, and is an adaptation to the low temperature, the long time taken for brooding, and the low overall fecundity.
Edibility
The meat of T. birsteini is reported to be excellent, and it is thought that the species could be commercially exploited if sufficient concentrations could be discovered. The average weight of a caught individual is about {{convert|150|g}}, of which 30% ({{convert|45|g|abbr=on|disp=or}}) is the meaty tail. Daily yields of {{convert|19|kg}} are typical.
References
{{Reflist|32em}}
{{Nephropidae genera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1170796}}
Category:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
Category:Monotypic decapod genera