Ti'inik

File:Taanach terracotta.jpg, now in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums ]]

{{hiero|tꜣꜥnꜣkꜣ{{cite book |last1=Gauthier |first1=Henri |title=Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 6 |date=1929 |page=5 |url=https://archive.org/details/Gauthier1929/page/n5/}}{{cite book |last1=Wallis Budge |first1=E. A. |title=An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary: with an index of English words, king list and geological list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, coptic and semitic alphabets, etc. Vol II |date=1920 |publisher=John Murray |page=[https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft/page/1052 1052] |url=https://archive.org/details/egyptianhierogly02budguoft}}|X1-G1-F32:D36-N35:G1-V31:G1-N25|era=nk|align=right}}

Just to the north of Ti'inik is a 40-metre-high mound which was the site of the biblical city of Taanache.g. New International Version or Tanach ({{langx|he|תַּעֲנָךְ}}; {{langx|grc|Θαναάχ and Θανάκ}}),e.g. New King James Version[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dtaanach-geo Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Taanach] a Levitical city allocated to the Kohathites.{{bibleverse|Joshua|21:25}}Freedman et al., 2000, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC&pg=PA1268 1228]: "Its identification with modern Tell Ta'annek (171214) is undisputed because of the continuity in the name and because of its location on the southern branch of the Via Maris, next to the pass of Megiddo." During Iron Age II, Ta'anach was a city in the Kingdom of Israel. Archaeologist William G. Dever estimates the city's population to have ranged between 500 and 1,000 people during the 9th and 8th centuries BCE.{{Cite book |last=Dever |first=William G. |title=Beyond the Texts: an archaeological portrait of ancient Israel and Judah |date=2017 |publisher=SBL Press |isbn=978-0-88414-218-8 |location=Atlanta |pages=393}}

Excavations at the tell were carried out by Albert Glock mostly during the 1970s and 1980s. Twelve Akkadian cuneiform tablets were found here. Approximately one third of the names on these tablets are of Hurrian origin, indicating a significant northern ethnic presence.Gustavs, A. (1927) "Die Personennamen in den Tontafeln von Tell Ta-annek" (in German). ZDPV 50, 1-18.Glock, A.E. (1971) "A New Ta-annek Tablet". BASOR 204,

17-30. Pottery remains from the Roman, Byzantine, and the Middle Ages have been found here.Zertal (2016), pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA177 177]-179 The main remains visible today are of an 11th-century Abbasid palace.Winter. Dave. Israel handbook: with the Palestinian Authority areas, p. 644

In Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic times, the inhabited site was located on the lower slopes rather than the tell itself.

Ti'innik, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517. During the 16th and 17th centuries, Ti'innik belonged to the Turabay Emirate (1517-1683), which encompassed also the Jezreel Valley, Haifa, Jenin, Beit She'an Valley, northern Jabal Nablus, Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe, and the northern part of the Sharon plain.{{Cite web |last=al-Bakhīt |first=Muḥammad ʻAdnān |last2=al-Ḥamūd |first2=Nūfān Rajā |title=Daftar mufaṣṣal nāḥiyat Marj Banī ʻĀmir wa-tawābiʻihā wa-lawāḥiqihā allatī kānat fī taṣarruf al-Amīr Ṭarah Bāy sanat 945 ah |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/28579982 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.worldcat.org |publisher=Jordanian University |pages=1–35 |language=en |publication-place=Amman |publication-date=1989}}{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |last2=Tepper |first2=Yotam |last3=Adams |first3=Matthew |title=Lajjun: Forgotten Provincial Capital in Ottoman Palestine |url=https://www.academia.edu/101515579/Lajjun_Forgotten_Provincial_Capital_in_Ottoman_Palestine |journal=Levant |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1080/00758914.2023.2202484}}

In the census of 1596, the village appeared as "Ta'inniq", located in the nahiya of Sha'ara in the liwa of Lajjun. It had a population of 13 households, all Muslim. They paid a taxes on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 7,000 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 159

In 1838, Ta'annuk was noted as a Muslim village in the Jenin district;Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd Appendix, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/126/mode/1up 126], [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/131/mode/1up 131] It only contained a few families, but was said to have been much larger, and to contain ruins.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n173/mode/1up 156], [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n176/mode/1up 159]

In 1870 Victor Guérin found that the village consisted of ten houses.Guérin, 1875, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n251/mode/1up 226] He further described it as: 'Once the southern sides and the whole upper plateau of the oblong hill on which the village stands were covered with buildings, as is proved by the innumerable fragments of pottery scattered on the soil, and the materials of every kind which are met with at every step: the larger stones have been carried away elsewhere. Below the village is a little mosque, which passes for an ancient Christian church. It lies, in fact, east and west, and all the stones with which it is built belong to early constructions; some of them are decorated with sculptures. Farther on in the plain are several cisterns cut in the rock, and a well, called Bir Tannuk.Guérin, 1875, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n251/mode/1up 226] -228; as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/68/mode/1up 68]

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya of Shafa al-Gharby.{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=256}}

In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "A small village, which stands on the south-east side of the great Tell or mound of the same name at the edge of the plain. It has olives on the south, and wells on the north, and is surrounded with cactus hedges. There is a white dome in the village. The rock on the sides of the Tell is quarried in places, the wells are ancient, and rock-cut tombs occur on the north near the foot of the mound."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/46/mode/1up 46]

By 1917, the village was home to eight family groups residing in 17 single-room houses.

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Ti'inik had a population of 65; all Muslims.Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n32/mode/1up 30] In the 1931 census it had 64; still all Muslim, in a total of 15 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 71]

In the 1945 statistics the population was estimated at 100 Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p17.jpg 17] with 32,263 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jinin/Page-055.jpg 55] 452 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 31,301 dunams for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jinin/Page-099.jpg 99] while a total of 4 dunams were built-up, urban land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jinin/Page-149.jpg 149]

In addition to agriculture, residents practiced animal husbandry which formed was an important source of income for the town. In 1943, they owned 39 heads of cattle, 4 camels, 14 horses, a mule, 20 donkeys, 168 fowls, and 15 pigeons.{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |last2=Tepper |first2=Yotam |last3=Adams |first3=Matthew J. |date=2024-01-03 |title=Al-Lajjun: a Social and geographic account of a Palestinian Village during the British Mandate Period |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13530194.2023.2279340 |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |language=en |page=20 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2023.2279340 |issn=1353-0194}}

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Ti'inik came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 246 inhabitants.Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p25.pdf 25]

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Ti'inik has been under Israeli occupation.

Some residents of Ti'inik have their origins in Silat al-Harithiya and Arraba, while others originated from the area of Bayt Nattif.Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 349

• Ti'inik cult stand

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |editor= Barron, J.B. |title= Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url= https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher= Government of Palestine |year= 1923}}
• {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}}
• {{cite book |last= Dauphin |first= C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin |title= La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |volume= III : Catalogue |page= 743 |series= BAR International Series 726 |year= 1998 |publisher= Archeopress |location= Oxford|language= French |isbn= 978-0-860549-05-5 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ}}
• {{cite book|author=Freedman, D.N.|authorlink1=David Noel Freedman|title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC&pg=PA1268|year=2000|publisher=W.B. Eerdmans|isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4|chapter=Taanach}}
• {{cite book |title= First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population |author= Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics |year= 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
• {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
• {{cite book |last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah|title= Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year= 1977 |publisher= Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn= 978-3-920405-41-4}}
• {{cite book|editor= Mills, E.|title= Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas |publisher= Government of Palestine |location= Jerusalem |year= 1932}}
• {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=E.H. |authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer |year=1881 |title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer |publisher= Committee of the Palestine Exploration FundPalestine Exploration Fund |url= https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft}}
• {{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 |location=Boston|publisher=Crocker & Brewster|volume=3}}
• {{cite book|last=Zertal|first=A.|authorlink=Adam Zertal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ |title=The Manasseh Hill Country Survey|volume=3|location=Boston|publisher=BRILL|year=2016|isbn=978-9004312302 }}

{{refend}}

• [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F0-306-47182-5_3 The Archaeology of Ottoman Ti’innik]
• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Ti_innik_1648/index.html Welcome To Ti'innik]
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8389 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.08.jpg Wikimedia commons]

{{Jenin Governorate}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Villages in the West Bank

Category:Jenin Governorate

Category:Canaanite cities

Category:Levitical cities

Category:Archaeological sites in the West Bank

Category:Municipalities of Palestine