Tian Rong
{{Short description|Qi aristocrat and rebel leader during the Chu–Han Contention}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tian Rong
| native_name = 田榮
| native_name_lang= zh
| birth_date = Unknown
| death_date = 203 BC
| birth_place = Linzi, State of Qi (modern Zibo, Shandong)
| death_place = Lixia, Qi (modern Jinan, Shandong)
| occupation = Military leader
| blank1 = Allegiance
| data1 = Restored Qi
| blank2 = Battles
| data2 = Chu–Han Contention; Han conquest of Qi
| relatives = Tian Dan (cousin); Tian Heng (nephew)
}}
Tian Rong ({{zh|c=田榮|p=Tián Róng}}; died 203 BC) was a member of the Tian royal house of Qi who led a rebellion against the Qin dynasty during the {{ill|Late Qin peasant rebellions|zh|秦末民變}}, and later against Xiang Yu during the Chu–Han Contention. Rejecting Xiang Yu’s partition of his ancestral land into three puppet kingdoms, Tian Rong overthrew the new rulers, restored a united Qi state, and proclaimed himsel king. He later opposed the Han armies of Liu Bang and was killed by the Han general Han Xin in 203 BC.
Revolt against Qin
In October 208 BC, Tian Rong, together with his cousin Tian Dan (田儋) and his younger brother Tian Heng (田橫), responded to Chen She uprising and killed the local county magistrate. Tian Dan proclaimed himself King of Qi and occupied the entire former Qi territory.
In June 208 BC, Qin general Zhang Han killed Tian Dan. The Qi people then supported Tian Jia (田假) the king. Tian Rong raised an army to expel Tian Jia, who fled to Chu.
Revolt against Xiang Yu
Tian Rong made Tian Dan's son Tian Fu (田巿) the King of Qi and asked Chu to hand over Tian Jia, but Chu ignored him. Moreover, when Xiang Yu established the Eighteen Kingdoms, he divided Qi into Qi, Jiaodong, and Jibei, appointing Tian Du (田都), Tian Fu, and Tian An (田安) as kings. Tian Rong was not enfeoffed. Dissatisfied with this, Tian Rong rose up in rebellion against Xiang Yu.
When Liu Bang’s anti-Chu coalition rose in 205 BC, Tian Rong revolted. He killed Tian Fu, Tian An, and forced Tian Du out of Linzi. Tian Rong reunified most of the former kingdom and proclaimed himself king.
War with Han
= Han Xin’s invasion =
In winter 204 BC the Han general Han Xin launched a surprise campaign: feigning a western advance, he crossed the Yellow River near present-day Dezhou and seized Linzi. Caught off-guard, Tian Rong marched hastily west but was ambushed and defeated at Lixia (歷下). He was killed in the rout, either by Han scouts or by defectors seeking favor with Han Xin.