Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road

{{Short description|Highway in the Northwest Territories}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}

{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox road

|country=CAN

|name=Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road

|maint=Nuna Logistics and RTL-Robinson

|image=Snap Lake Diamond Mine.jpg

|image_notes=The entrance of De Beers' Snap Lake Diamond Mine, NT

|length_km=600

|length_notes=Can be as short as {{cvt|400|km}}

|length_ref=

|established=1982

|direction_a=West

|terminus_a=Ingraham Trail, Northwest Territories

|direction_b=East

|terminus_b=Jericho Diamond Mine, Nunavut

|system1={{infobox road/browselinks/CAN|province=NT}}

|system2={{infobox road/browselinks/CAN|province=NU}}

}}

Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road is an annual ice road first built in 1982 to service mines and exploration activities in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut in Northern Canada. Between {{cvt|400|and|600|km}} long, the road is said to be the world's longest heavy haul ice road and operates for eight to ten weeks starting in the last week of January.{{cite web |url=https://www.nunagroup.com/projects/tibbitt-to-contwoyto-winter-road/ |title=Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road |publisher= NUNA Group |access-date=January 11, 2025}} Most of the road (85%–87%) is built over frozen lakes, {{cvt|495|km}}, with the remaining {{cvt|73|km}} built on over 64 land portages between lakes.{{cite web |url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Facts |title=Facts |date=July 29, 2019 |publisher=JVTC Winter Road |access-date=April 27, 2020}}

Construction and operation

File:Lupin 1997.jpg

The winter road is constructed by Nuna Logistics and RTL-Robinson every January and takes about six weeks to complete.{{cite web |url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Supply.asp |title=Supplying Canada's Northern Diamond Mines |website=JVTC Winter Road |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706183859/http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Supply.asp |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }} The first vehicle along each season is a Swedish-made Hägglund army-type reconnaissance vehicle designed to float if it falls through the ice; it tows a ground-penetrating radar to measure ice thickness. This is followed by road building equipment including "specialized low ground pressure equipment". The road, built extra wide to avoid blockages during blizzards and to allow opposing trucks to pass, is kept clear of snow, which acts as insulation, throughout the season as removal allows the ice to freeze faster and thicker. The road is {{cvt|50|m}} wide on the ice, but narrower on land portages ranging between {{cvt|12|and|15|m}} wide. Once initially built, the road is checked by drilling holes into the ice. If the ice needs to be thickened, water trucks are called in to add water to that specific area. The road is only operational during February and March, an average of 67 days per year. The ice has been proven by engineers to support light vehicle loads at {{cvt|70|cm}} and increasing to full highway truck loads as the ice thickens. A thickness of {{cvt|107|cm}} is required for a super B tanker carrying up to {{cvt|50000|L}} and may weigh up to {{cvt|42|t}}.{{cite web |url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/construction |title=Construction: Backed by Experience, Monitored with Science |date=July 29, 2019 |publisher=JVTC Winter Road|access-date=April 27, 2020}}

On some lakes, traffic may be re-routed to new lanes to avoid damaged or rough sections of ice, and additional "express lanes" allow returning, empty trucks to travel at higher speeds.

The highest allowable speed for fully loaded trucks on the ice is {{cvt|25|km/h}} with some areas reduced to only {{cvt|10|km/h}}. Empty trucks have a maximum speed limit of {{cvt|60|km/h}} on the ice. Speed limits are strictly enforced by security personnel with radar used to clock speeds just as national and provincial police forces do.{{cite web |title=Security |date=July 29, 2019 |url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Security |publisher=JVTC Winter Road|access-date=April 27, 2020}}

File:Dispatch point Yellowknife.jpg

There are three road camps servicing drivers hauling loads along the road, they are at: Dome Lake Maintenance Camp, Lockhart Lake and Lac de Gras. Dome Lake is for maintenance crew and emergency use for drivers, Lockhart Lake provides drivers with food, shower, and a place to do laundry. Lac de Gras is for road crews, emergency use and for driver facilities for drivers travelling north of Ekati.

Truck drivers are not allowed to travel the winter road alone, therefore, up to four trucks are dispatched from Yellowknife every 20 minutes.{{cite web |url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Safety |title=Safety|date=July 29, 2019 |publisher=JVTC Winter Road|access-date=April 27, 2020}} Heavy and wide loads are dispatched from Yellowknife between 12:00 am and 6:00 am to avoid daily commuter traffic.{{cite web|author=Nuna Logistics Ltd|title=The Winter Road|access-date=2007-08-15|url=http://www.nunalogistics.com/projects/winter_road/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071007123618/http://www.nunalogistics.com/projects/winter_road/ |archive-date = 2007-10-07}}

The main product shipped is diesel fuel and other material includes "cement, tires, prill (ammonium nitrate) for explosives manufacture, and construction materials."

History

The Tibbitt to Contwoyto Ice Road follows part of the original road that was cleared to the Tundra Mine in 1960–1961 by John Denison. This road began at Discovery Mine which was already connected to Yellowknife by ice road up the Yellowknife River and swung east to Gordon Lake, heading north up Drybones, Lockhart and Mackay Lakes where the Tundra Mine was located. This route was used until 1968 when the mine closed.{{cite web|url=http://www.pwnhc.ca/timeline/index_winIFix.asp?forward=http%3A//www.pwnhc.ca/timeline/1950/1959_Denison.htm |title=1959 John Denison's Ice Roads|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217123308/http://www.pwnhc.ca/timeline/index_winIFix.asp?forward=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwnhc.ca%2Ftimeline%2F1950%2F1959_Denison.htm |archive-date=2012-02-17 |work=NWT Historical Timeline|publisher=Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
+Statistics{{cite web|url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Updates2010.asp |title=2010 Winter Road Updates|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706184015/http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Updates2010.asp |archive-date=2011-07-06 }}
YearOpenedClosedcolspan="3"|Freight carriedSuper B capacityNumber of
TonnesLong tonsShort tonsreached{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}truck loads north
2000

| January 29 || April 3 || {{cvt|111,090|t|disp=table}} || n/a || 3,703

2001

| February 1 || April 13 || {{cvt|245,586|t|disp=table}} || ~March 3 || 7,981

2002

| January 26 || April 16 || {{cvt|256,915|t|disp=table}} || February 22 || 7,735

2003

| February 1 || April 2 || {{cvt|198,818|t|disp=table}} || February 21 || 5,243

2004

| January 28 || March 31 || {{cvt|179,144|t|disp=table}} || February 23 || 5,091

2005

| January 26 || April 5 || {{cvt|252,533|t|disp=table}} || February 20 || 7,607

2006

| February 4 || March 26 || {{cvt|177,674|t|disp=table}} || not reached || 6,841

2007

| January 27 || April 9 || {{cvt|330,002|t|disp=table}} || February 26 || 10,922

2008

| January 29 || April 7 || {{cvt|245,585|t|disp=table}} || February 15 || 7,484

2009

| February 1 || March 25 || {{cvt|173,195|t|disp=table}} || February 15 || 5,377

2010

| February 4 || March 24 || {{cvt|120,020|t|disp=table}} || {{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 3,508

2011

| January 28 || March 31 || {{cvt|239,000|t|disp=table}} || February 17 || 6,832

2012

| February 1 || March 28 || {{cvt|210,188|t|disp=table}} || March 1 || 6,551

2013

| January 30 || March 31 || {{cvt|223,206|t|disp=table}} || February 14 || 6,017

2014

| January 30 || April 1 || {{cvt|243,928|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 7,069

2015

| January 30 || March 31 || {{cvt|305,215|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 8,915

2016

| February 9 || Open 47 days || {{cvt|262,261|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 8,766

2017

| February 1 || March 29 || {{cvt|279,484|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 8,241

2018

| February 1 || Open 58 days || {{cvt|303,725|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 8,209

2019

| February 1 || March 31 || {{cvt|257,176|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 7,489

2020

| January 31 || April 8,
open 60 days || {{cvt|230,497|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 7,072 northbound
294 southbound

2021

| February 8 || April 6,
open 52 days || {{cvt|210,126|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 6,102 northbound
225 southbound

2022

| January 31 || March 31 (planned),
open 65 days || {{cvt|252,827|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 6,797 northbound
463 southbound

2023

| February 6 || March 31 (planned),
(actual after April 4,
probably April 6),
open 52 days || {{cvt|213,509|t|disp=table}} || align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || 6,014 northbound
534 southbound

2024

| February 12 || On or before April 3 || colspan="3" align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || March 2 || 6,400

2025

| February 4 || March 28 || colspan="3" align=center|{{Abbr|TBA|to be announced}} || February 20 || 5,800 northbound
(98% by March 27)
>600 southbound

The road was reopened in 1979 as part of an equipment haul to the new Lupin Mine at Contwoyto Lake, now Nunavut but then the NWT, pioneered by Robinson's Trucking and Hugh Arden. It followed the old Discovery Mine to Gordon Lake route. An experimental operation, Lupin decided not to continue using the road at this time and relied instead on Hercules C-130 aircraft to haul in machinery during construction of the mine.

In 1983, the ice road to Lupin Mine reopened as an economic alternative to yearly freight haul using aircraft. The section between Tibbitt Lake (at the end of the Ingraham Trail) and Gordon Lake was built at this time. Another gold mine, the Salmita Mine (operated between 1983 and 1987) also benefited from this ice road.

Until 1998, the road was licensed and operated by Echo Bay Mines, owners of the Lupin Mine, after which it became a joint venture between Echo Bay Mines, BHP Billiton, and Diavik Diamond Mines.

File:Jericho Diamond Mine pit Nunavut Canada.jpg

Since 1999, the road has been licensed and operated by the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture, today a partnership between BHP Billiton, Diavik Diamond Mines (Rio Tinto) and De Beers Canada. The road is engineered by Nor-Ex Ice Engineering, and, since 1998, Nuna Logistics, a 51% Inuit owned joint venture between the Nunasi Corporation, Kitikmeot Corporation and Nuna Management Group,[http://www.nunalogistics.com/ Nuna Logistics] has been responsible for the annual construction, maintenance, dispatching, and camp catering for the primary road, with RTL Enterprises taking care of the secondary road. Security on the road, provided by SecureCheck until 2009, is now provided by Det’on Cho Scarlet Security.{{cite web|url=http://www.nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/feb3_10business.html |title=New partnership for Deton'Cho Corp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325162206/http://www.nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/feb3_10business.html |archive-date=2012-03-25 }} Det’on Cho is a Yellowknives Dene company with headquarters in N'Dilo and Scarlet Security, based in Yellowknife, is an Alarand affiliate.{{cite web|url=http://www.detoncho.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90&Itemid=59 |title=Deton'Cho - Contact|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116005558/http://www.detoncho.com/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90&Itemid=59 |archive-date=2010-11-16 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.scarletsecurity.ca/about.htm |title=Scarlet Security|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913065731/http://www.scarletsecurity.ca/about.htm |archive-date=2012-09-13 }}

The year 2007 saw record usage of the ice road with 10,922 loads north, totalling {{cvt|330,002|t}}. That record number doesn't include the 818 back hauls south, totalling {{cvt|15000|t}}. The road was open for 73 days from January 27 to April 9, only closed for a total of 91.5 hours (70 hours due to storms and 21.5 hours due to minor incidents). There were over 700 drivers registered during 2007 with nine accidents and one minor injury (a bruised shoulder).{{cite web|author=Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture |title=The Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road |access-date=April 26, 2020 |url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/}} During the record 2007 season, there were 99 verbal, 5 written warnings and 5 speeding violations. Nine five-day suspensions and seven season suspensions were issued.

In 2007 the road was featured on The History Channel series called Ice Road Truckers. The mining company that owned the road where the first season was filmed felt that the show portrayed the road in a negative fashion, and decided not to participate in future seasons of the show. A new rule for the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Roads was enacted for the 2008 season prohibiting commercial, media, video or rolling film cameras either inside or attached to the outside of vehicle. The show's producers said that they had located an alternate ice road and that there would be a second season of the show;{{cite web |url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Orientation/Part4.PDF |title=Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road 2008 orientation materials |access-date=2013-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001204159/http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Orientation/Part4.PDF |archive-date=2011-10-01 }}{{cite web |url= http://www.landlinemag.com/todays_news/Daily/2008/Feb08/020408/020508-07.htm |title= Producers find new ice road for TV series |access-date= 2008-02-21 |date= 2008-02-05 |work= Landline Magazine |publisher= Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080209144833/http://www.landlinemag.com/todays_news/Daily/2008/Feb08/020408/020508-07.htm |archive-date= 2008-02-09 |url-status= dead }} the road featured in season 2 was the Tuktoyaktuk Winter Road.

Routes

=Primary route=

{{GeoGroupTemplate}}

The ice road begins about {{cvt|65|km}} east of Yellowknife at the end of Highway 4, more commonly known as the Ingraham Trail.[http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/Maps Maps]

From there, it winds its way north the following destinations:

class="wikitable"
+Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road (main route)
colspan="2"| DistanceLocationTerritoryNotes
kmmi
{{cvt|0|km|disp=table}}Tibbitt LakeNTStart of road{{ref|map 1|map 1}}
{{cvt|7|km|disp=table}}Meadows StationNTSecurity checkpoint
{{cvt|35|km|disp=table}}Dome LakeNTMaintenance camp{{ref|map 2|map 2}}
{{cvt|170|km|disp=table}}Lockhart LakeNTRest stop{{ref|map 3|map 3}}
{{cvt|264|km|disp=table}}Snap Lake Diamond MineNTOwned by De Beers Canada and located southeast of the road{{ref|map 4|map 4}}
Gahcho Kue Diamond MineNTOwned by a joint-venture between Mountain Province Diamonds
and De Beers Canada, located southeast of the road{{ref|map 5|map 5}}
{{cvt|350|km|disp=table}}Lac de GrasNTRest stop (for Lupin/Jericho traffic only){{ref|map 6|map 6}}
{{cvt|373|km|disp=table}}Diavik Diamond MineNTOwned by a joint venture between the Dominion Diamond Mines
and Diavik Diamond Mines, a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Group{{ref|map 7|map 7}}
{{cvt|378|km|disp=table}}MiseryNTSatellite mining camp of the Ekati Diamond Mine{{ref|map 8|map 8}}
{{cvt|405|km|disp=table}}Ekati Diamond MineNTOwned by Dominion Diamond Mines, northwest of the road{{ref|map 9|map 9}}
Pellatt LakeNT/NUCrossing the NT/NU border{{ref|map 10|map 10}}
{{cvt|568|km|disp=table}}Lupin Gold MineNUClosed 2006, owned by Echo Bay Mines Limited{{ref|map 11|map 11}}
{{cvt|600|km|disp=table}}Jericho Diamond MineNUClosed 2008, owned by Tahera Diamond Corporation{{ref|map 12|map 12}}

The road ends in Jericho Diamond Mine, at the north end of Contwoyto Lake, Nunavut.

With the closing of the Lupin and Jericho mines, the road is no longer built to Contwoyto Lake. According to the 2020 JVTC Map book the road is shorted to 367km at the Ekati Mine on Lac De Gras.

=Secondary route=

The secondary route begins about {{cvt|20|km}} east of Yellowknife at Prosperous Lake.{{ref|map 13|map 13}} The road heads north across the lake just to the west of Cassidy Point{{ref|map 14|map 14}} and through Quyta Lake where some of the earliest gold samples were found in 1933.{{ref|map 15|map 15}}{{cite web|url=http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1925/1934_YellowknifeJohnny.htm|title=Northwest Territories Timeline - "Yellowknife Johnny" Baker|publisher=Prince of Whales Northern Heritage Centre|access-date=2008-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060831153743/http://pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca/timeline/1925/1934_YellowknifeJohnny.htm |archive-date=2006-08-31}} From there the road continues north to Johnston Lake{{ref|map 16|map 16}} and then northeast to Giauque Lake,{{ref|map 17|map 17}} with a road heading west to the old Discovery Mine, now the Yellowknife Gold Project{{ref|map 18|map 18}} operated by Tyhee Development.{{Cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/goldmining-completes-acquisition-of-yellowknife-gold-project-and-big-sky-property-635806513.html|title=GoldMining Completes Acquisition of Yellowknife Gold Project and Big Sky Property|website=www.newswire.ca|date=July 21, 2017|access-date=2019-10-01}}[http://diamondminewinterroad.blogspot.com/ Canadian Diamond Mine Winter Road] From Giauque the road travels east across Thistlethwaite Lake{{ref|map 19|map 19}} and northeast through Smokey Lake{{ref|map 20|map 20}} before joining the main route just north of Gordon Lake.{{ref|map 19|map 19}}{{cite web|url=http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/material%20combined%5Cpics%5CSecondary.pdf |title=Secondary route|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706184334/http://jvtcwinterroad.ca/material%20combined/pics/Secondary.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-06 }}

Maps

{{refbegin}}

{{col-begin}}

{{Col-2}}

  • {{note|map 1|map 1}}Tibbitt Lake - {{Coord|62|33|14|N|113|21|00|W|region:CA-NT_type:waterbody|display=inline,title|name=Tibbitt Lake}}
  • {{note|map 2|map 2}}Dome Lake - {{Coord|62|45|44|N|113|15|01|W|region:CA-NT_type:waterbody|name=Dome Lake}}
  • {{note|map 3|map 3}}Lockhart Lake - {{Coord|63|39|32|N|112|03|41|W|region:CA-NT_type:waterbody|name=Lockhart Lake}}
  • {{note|map 4|map 4}}Snap Lake Diamond Mine - {{Coord|63|36|20|N|112|52|00|W|region:CA-NT_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Snap Lake Diamond Mine}}
  • {{note|map 5|map 5}}Gahcho Kue Diamond Mine Project - {{Coord|63|26|05|N|109|12|02|W|region:CA-NT_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Gahcho Kue Diamond Mine Project}}
  • {{note|map 6|map 6}}Lac de Gras - {{Coord|64|28|25|N|110|13|41|W|region:CA-NT_type:waterbody|name=Lac de Gras}}
  • {{note|map 7|map 7}}Diavik Diamond Mine - {{Coord|64|29|46|N|110|16|24|W|region:CA-NT_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Diavik Diamond Mine}}
  • {{note|map 8|map 8}}Misery - {{Coord|64|34|03|N|110|10|47|W|region:CA-NT_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Misery}}
  • {{note|map 9|map 9}}Ekati Diamond Mine - {{Coord|64|42|49|N|110|37|10|W|region:CA-NT_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Ekati Diamond Mine}}
  • {{note|map 10|map 10}}Pellatt Lake - {{Coord|65|00|20|N|109|45|22|W|region:CA-NT_type:waterbody|name=Pellatt Lake}}
  • {{note|map 11|map 11}}Lupin Mine - {{Coord|65|44|59|N|111|14|58|W|region:CA-NU_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Lupin Mine}}

{{Col-2}}

  • {{note|map 12|map 12}}Jericho Diamond Mine - {{Coord|66|01|00|N|111|28|26|W|region:CA-NU_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Jericho Diamond Mine}}
  • {{note|map 13|map 13}}Prosperous Lake - {{Coord|62|32|34|N|114|08|56|W|region:CA-NU_type:waterbody|name=Prosperous Lake}}
  • {{note|map 14|map 14}}Cassidy Point - {{Coord|62|32|58|N|114|10|56|W|region:CA-NU_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Cassidy Point}}
  • {{note|map 15|map 15}}Quyta Lake - {{Coord|62|43|45|N|114|18|02|W|region:CA-NU_type:waterbody|name=Quyta Lake}}
  • {{note|map 16|map 16}}Johnston Lake - {{Coord|62|59|42|N|114|12|06|W|region:CA-NU_type:waterbody|name=Johnston Lake}}
  • {{note|map 17|map 17}}Giauque Lake - {{Coord|63|10|40|N|113|49|38|W|region:CA-NU_type:waterbody|name=Giauque Lake}}
  • {{note|map 18|map 18}}Yellowknife Gold Project - {{Coord|63|11|14|N|113|53|48|W|region:CA-NU_type:landmark_scale:100000|name=Yellowknife Gold Project}}
  • {{note|map 19|map 19}}Thistlethwaite Lake - {{Coord|63|09|24|N|113|35|51|W|region:CA-NU_type:waterbody|name=Thistlethwaite Lake}}
  • {{note|map 20|map 20}}Smokey Lake - {{Coord|63|13|41|N|113|18|21|W|region:CA-NU_type:waterbody|name=Smokey Lake}}
  • {{note|map 21|map 21}}Gordon Lake - {{Coord|63|04|48|N|113|12|50|W|region:CA-NU_type:waterbody|name=Gordon Lake}}

{{col-end}}

{{refend}}

Media

The ice road was the location of the first season of Ice Road Truckers.

This road inspired the Netflix movie The Ice Road.

See also

References

{{reflist|2}}