Ticinese dialect

{{Short description|Lombard dialects of Ticino, Switzerland}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Ticinese

| nativename = Ticinees

| states = Switzerland

| region = Switzerland:
Ticino (Sopraceneri)

| date = 2011

| speakers = {{sigfig|107,973|3}}

| ref = {{cite web|title=Population résidante permanente de 15 ans et plus, ventilée selon les langues parlées à la maison|url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/news/04/01.Document.169399.xls|publisher=Office fédéral de la statistique|accessdate=13 August 2013}} Multiple choices were allowed, up to a limit of 3 languages.

| familycolor = Indo-European

| fam2 = Italic

| fam3 = Latino-Faliscan

| fam4 = Romance

| fam5 = Italo-Western

| fam6 = Western Romance

| fam7 = Gallo-Romance

| fam8 = Gallo-Italic

| fam9 = Lombard–Piedmontese?{{Cite journal |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/piem1239 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Piemontese-Lombard |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Glottolog |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029130658/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/piem1239 |archive-date=2023-10-29 |url-status=live |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |author-link=Harald Hammarström |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |publication-place=Leipzig |doi=10.5281/zenodo.7398962 |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |author-link3=Martin Haspelmath |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian |doi-access=free}}

| fam10 = Lombard

| fam11 = Western Lombard

| iso3 =

| isoexception = dialect

| glotto = tici1238

| glottorefname = Ticinese

| ietf = lmo-u-sd-chti

}}

The Ticinese dialect is the set of dialects, belonging to the Alpine and Western branch of the Lombard language,{{Cite web |title=Lombardi, dialetti |trans-title=lombard dialects |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/dialetti-lombardi_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)_ |website=treccani.it |quote=A nord i dialetti definiti lombardo-alpini a partire da Merlo (1960-1961), parlati nell'Ossola superiore, nelle valli ticinesi a nord di Locarno e Bellinzona, nei Grigioni italiani e nell'alta Valtellina, caratterizzati da tratti arcaici e da una certa affinità con il romancio svizzero.}} spoken in the northern part of the Canton of Ticino{{Cite book |last=Biondelli |first=Bernarino |url=https://archive.org/details/saggiosuidialet00biongoog/page/n59/ |title=Saggio sui dialetti gallo-italici |year=1853 |page=4 |language=it |quote=Il dialetto principale rappresentante il gruppo occidentale si è il Milanese, e ad esso più o meno affini sono: il Lodigiano, il Comasco, il Valtellinese, il Bormiese, il Ticinese e il Verbanese.[...] Il Comasco esténdesi in quasi tutta la provincia di Como, tranne l'estrema punta settentrionale al di là di Menagio e di Bellano a destra ed a sinistra del Lario; e in quella vece comprende la parte meridionale del Cantone Ticinese, sino al monte Cènere. [...] Il Ticinese è parlato nella parte settentrionale del Cantone Svizzero d'egual nome, al norte del Monte Cènere, in parecchie varietà, tra le quali distinguonsi sopra tutto le favelle delle valli Maggia, Verzasca, Leventina, Blenio ed Onsernone.}} (Sopraceneri); the dialects of the region can generally vary from valley to valley, often even between single localities, while retaining the mutual intelligibility that is typical of the Lombard linguistic continuum.{{Cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mary C. |title=Policy and Planning for Endangered Languages |last2=Soria |first2=Claudia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781316352410 |location=Cambridge, UK |page=130 |chapter=Assessing the effect of official recognition on the vitality of endangered languages: a case of study from Italy |quote=Lombard (Lumbard, ISO 639-9 lmo) is a cluster of essentially homogeneous varieties (Tamburelli 2014: 9) belonging to the Gallo-Italic group. It is spoken in the Italian region of Lombardy, in the Novara province of Piedmont, and in Switzerland. Mutual intelligibility between speakers of Lombard and monolingual Italian speakers has been reported as very low (Tamburelli 2014). Although some Lombard varieties, Milanese in particular, enjoy a rather long and prestigious literary tradition, Lombard is now mostly used in informal domains. According to Ethnologue, Piedmontese and Lombard are spoken by between 1,600,000 and 2,000,000 speakers and around 3,500,000 speakers, respectively. These are very high figures for languages that have never been recognised officially nor systematically taught in school |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v-ZBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA130 |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170421123006/https://books.google.it/books?id=v-ZBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA130 |archive-date=2017-04-21 |url-status=live}}

Ticinese koiné refers instead to a koiné form used by speakers of local dialects (particularly those diverging from the koiné itself, as, e.g., Leventinese, etc.) when communicating with speakers of other Western Lombard dialects of Ticino, the Grisons (collectively known as Swiss Italian) or Italian Lombardy.{{Cite book |last=Petrini |first=Dario |title=La Koinè Ticinese. Livellamento dialettale e dinamiche Innovative. |publisher=Francke |year=1988 |isbn=9783317016599 |location=Bern |language=it}}