Tifo
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{short description|Phenomenon of supporting a sport team}}
{{mergewith|Tifosi|date=February 2025}}
Image:Close tifo.jpg's old Claude Robillard Centre ground]]
File:Portland Thorns 2017-04-15 tifo.jpg in Portland, Oregon, U.S.]]
Tifo ({{IPA|it|ˈtiːfo|lang}}) is the phenomenon whereby tifosi of a sports team make a visual display of any choreographed flag, sign or banner in the stands of a stadium, mostly as part of an association football match.{{cite web|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/glossary/tifo|title=What is a tifo?|work=MLSsoccer.com|date=1 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116072654/https://www.mlssoccer.com/glossary/tifo|archive-date=16 November 2020}}
Tifo is most commonly seen in important matches, local derbies, and rivalries, and although the tradition originated at club teams, some national teams also have fans that organise tifo on a regular basis.{{cite web|url=http://www.dbu.dk/page.aspx?id=1544 |title=DBU – fra leg til landshold! |publisher=Dbu.dk |access-date=9 March 2009}} Tifo is primarily arranged by ultras or a supporter club to show their love to the club,{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Graham |date=28 June 2012 |title=Portland Timbers' giant tifo throws down gauntlet to Seattle Sounders |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/jun/28/portland-timbers-seattle-sounders-tifo-display |work=The Guardian |accessdate=17 July 2016}}{{Cite web | url=http://sportspressnw.com/2221160/2016/schmid-timbers-still-havent-caught-sounders | title=Schmid: Timbers still haven't caught Sounders | author=Andrew Harvey | date=15 July 2016 | publisher=Sportspress Northwest | access-date=17 July 2016 | quote=Last season, Seattle fans mocked Portland with a tifo that read 'Pity'.}}{{Cite web | url=http://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/index.ssf/2016/07/portland_timbers_welcome_seatt.html | title=Watch: Timbers Army welcomes Seattle Sounders with 'Legends Never Sleep,' Freddy Krueger-inspired tifo | author=Molly Blue | date=17 July 2016 | work=OregonLive.com | access-date=17 July 2016 | quote=As cheers exploded, a red-and-black tifo was rolled out—'Legends Never Sleep,' a play on the 'Nightmare on Elm Street' movie franchise.}} but are sometimes sponsored or arranged by the club itself.
History
The tifo culture, like the origin of its name, has its roots in Italy and Southern Europe, and has a strong presence in Eastern Europe. It has much in common with the ultras culture and appeared at the same time, in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Tifo, while highly prevalent in Europe,{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Tasnim |title=What is a tifo banner? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cy0x4xxrjw3o |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |date=16 April 2025}} has become more widespread and more common in all parts of the world where association football is played.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} It gained popularity in the late 2000s and early 2010s among Major League Soccer teams in the United States, with some supporters' groups spending up to $10,000 for materials.{{cite news |date=14 September 2012 |title=U.S. Soccer Fans Turn to Tifo |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444017504577647814039120358 |work=Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription |id={{ProQuest|1039301946}} |accessdate=14 June 2023}} The Portland Timbers–Seattle Sounders rivalry has featured some of the largest and most elaborate tifos in U.S. soccer.
= Ice hockey =
Tifos and choreographies have become increasingly popular in ice hockey around Europe in the 2000s along with ultras and hooligan culture with some of the biggest organized groups in Sweden, Switzerland and Finland.{{Cite web |date=2021-10-30 |title=Häikäisevä tifo! SaiPa-faneilta upea kunnianosoitus seuralegendalle – "Ikuinen kapteeni" |url=https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/haikaiseva-tifo-saipa-faneilta-upea-kunnianosoitus-seuralegendalle-ikuinen-kapteeni/8277400 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=mtvuutiset.fi |language=fi}}{{Cite web |date=2012-09-24 |title=Näin valmistui Suomen suurin tifo – katso video! |url=https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/nain-valmistui-suomen-suurin-tifo-katso-video/3799804#gs.eableb |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=mtvuutiset.fi |language=fi}}{{Cite web |date=2023-04-23 |title=Far och son hyllades av Djurgårdens supportrar: "Rörande" |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/hockey/a/bgakbg/challe-berglund-och-emil-berglund-pa-djurgardens-tifo |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=www.aftonbladet.se |language=sv}}{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Rarement le chaudron de Malley a si bien porté son nom |url=https://www.24heures.ch/cgereportagelhc180424-798155831389 |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=24 heures |language=fr}}
See also
References
{{Commons and category|Tifo|Association football tifo}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Supporter Culture}}
Category:Association football fandom