Tillamook language
{{Short description|Extinct Salishan language of northwestern Oregon, US}}
{{use mdy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Tillamook
| nativename = {{lang|til|Hutyáyu}}, {{lang|til|Hutyéyu}}
| states = United States
| region = Northwestern Oregon
| ethnicity = Tillamook, Siletz
| extinct = 1972, with the death of Minnie Scovell
| familycolor = salishan
| fam1 = Salishan
| fam2 = Coast Salish
| iso3 = til
| glotto = till1254
| glottorefname = Tillamook
| dia1 = Tillamook
| dia2 = Siletz
| notice = IPA
| map = Lang Status 01-EX.svg
| mapcaption = {{center|{{small|Tillamook is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}{{Cite report |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |date=2010 |publisher=UNESCO |edition=3rd |page=11}}
}}
Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972. In an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook speakers and created a 120-page dictionary.{{Cite web |title=Speaking Tillamook |url=https://clatsop-nehalem.com/our-language/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616123324/http://www.clatsop-nehalem.com/language.html |archive-date=2011-06-16 |website=Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes}}
Phonology
=Vowels=
=Consonants=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Consonants in Tillamook |
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! scope="col" colspan="3" | Alveolar ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Post- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Velar ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Uvular ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Glottal |
|---|
| scope="col" | central || scope="col" | sibilant || scope="col" | lateral
! scope="col" | unrounded || scope="col" | rounded ! scope="col" | unrounded || scope="col" | rounded |
| scope="row" rowspan="2" | Stop
! scope="row" | plain | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA link|t͡s}} | | {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA link|kᵓ}} | {{IPA link|q}} | {{IPA link|qᵓ}} | rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |
| scope="row" | ejective
| {{IPA link|tʼ}} | {{IPA link|t͡sʼ}} | {{IPA link|t͡ɬʼ}} | {{IPA link|t͡ʃʼ}} | {{IPA link|kʼ}} | {{IPA link|kᵓʼ}} | {{IPA link|qʼ}} | {{IPA link|qᵓʼ}} |
| scope="row" colspan="2" | Fricative
| | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA link|ɬ}} | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | {{IPA link|x}} | {{IPA link|xᵓ}} | {{IPA link|χ}} | {{IPA link|χᵓ}} | {{IPA link|h}} |
| scope="row" colspan="2" | Sonorant
| {{IPA link|n}} | | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|j}} | | {{IPA link|ɰᵓ}} | | | |
==Internal rounding==
The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic {{angbr IPA|ʷ}}, but here indicated with {{angbr IPA|ᵓ}}), including rounded vowels and {{angbr IPA|w}} ({{IPA|/ɰᵓ/}}), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue (sulcalization). Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of {{IPA|ɔ}} timbre" while "rounded" front velars have {{IPA|ɯ}} coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having {{IPA|ɛ}} or {{IPA|ɪ}} coloring—the "unrounded" consonants.
{{IPA|/w/}} is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to {{IPA|[ɰ]}}. So are vowel sounds formerly written as {{IPA|/o/}} or {{IPA|/u/}}, which are best characterized as the diphthong {{IPA|/əɰ/}} with increasing internal rounding.{{sfn|Thompson|Thompson|1966|p=316}}
Notes
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |last=Edel |first=May M |title=The Tillamook language |date=1939 |publisher=J.J. Augustin |location=New York |lccn=40001628 |oclc=10272025}}
- {{Cite web |date=2018-04-13 |orig-date=2007 |title=May M. Edel papers |url=https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:80444/xv87490?q=May%20M.%20Edel |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Archives West}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Thompson |first=Lawrence C. |last2=Thompson |first2=M. Terry |year=1966 |title=A Fresh Look at Tillamook Phonology |journal=International Journal of American Linguistics |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=313-319 |doi=10.1086/464920 |jstor=1264085 |s2cid=145658086}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20040630073105/http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/Oregon/tillamook.html University of Oregon: The Tillamook]
- [http://www.native-languages.org/tillamook.htm Tillamook Language]
- {{Cite web |title=Tillamook Vocabulary |url=http://cla.berkeley.edu/language/805?tab=items&drestriction=none |access-date=2013-09-22 |website=California Language Archive}}
- [http://www.language-archives.org/language/til OLAC resources in and about the Tillamook language]
{{Salishan languages}}
{{Languages of Oregon}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tillamook Language}}
Category:Coast Salish languages
Category:Indigenous languages of Oregon
Category:Indigenous languages of the Pacific Northwest Coast
Category:Extinct languages of North America