Tilskueren

{{Infobox magazine

| image_file = TilskuerenJauar 1909.jpg

| image_size =

| image_caption = Cover page dated January 1909

| editor = {{ubl|Valdemar Vedel | Poul Levin | Axel Garde}}

| editor_title =

| frequency = Monthly

| circulation =

| category = {{ubl|Cultural magazine | Literary magazine}}

| company =

| publisher =

| founder = Niels Neergaard

| founded = 1884

| firstdate =

| finaldate = 1939

| country = Denmark

| based = Copenhagen

| language = Danish

| issn =

| oclc = 1767496}}

Tilskueren (Danish: The Spectator) was a monthly cultural and literary magazine published in Copenhagen, Denmark, between 1884 and 1939. It was continuation of another magazine, Det nittende Aarhundrede (Danish: the Nineteenth Century), which was founded by Georg and Edvard Brandes. The subtitle of Tilskueren was Maanedsskrift for Litteratur, Samfundsspørgsmaal og almenfattelige videnskabelige Skildringer (Danish: Monthly for Literature, Public Matters, and Popular Scientific Descriptions).

History and profile

Tilskueren was established in 1884.{{cite book|author=Jan Sjåvik|title=Historical Dictionary of Scandinavian Literature and Theater|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCBpiKsi7a0C&pg=PA228|year=2006|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6501-3|page=228|location=Lanham, MD}}{{cite book|author=Sven H. Rossel|title=A History of Danish Literature|year=1992

|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln, NE|page=266|isbn=978-0-8032-3886-2}} The founder and first editor was Niels Neergaard, future prime minister of Denmark. The magazine had its headquarters in Copenhagen.{{cite book|editor=Richard A. Cardwell|title=The Reception of Byron in Europe|year=2004|publisher=Thoemmes Continuum|page=491|volume=I–II|isbn=978-0-8264-6844-4

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuFX3hcqA5oC&pg=PA491|location=London}} Tilskueren significantly influenced the Finnish cultural magazine, Valvoja.{{cite journal|author=Glenda Dawn Goss|title=A Backdrop for Young Sibelius: The Intellectual Genesis of the Kullervo Symphony|journal=19th-Century Music|date=Summer 2003|doi=10.1525/ncm.2003.27.1.48|volume=27|issue=1|page=57}}

Georg Brandes, Martinus Galschiøt and Johannes Jørgensen were among the contributors.{{cite news

|title=Georg Brandes still Sticks to Neutrality|work=The New York Times|date=26 March 1916|access-date=9 May 2015

|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/03/26/101572133.pdf}} Johannes Jørgensen who would launch an arts and literary magazine in October 1893, namely Taarnet, published a manifesto on his approach towards symbolism in the magazine{{cite book|editor=Anna Balakian|title=The Symbolist Movement in the Literature of European Languages|publisher=John Benjamins

|year=1984|isbn=978-90-272-8642-0|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcFHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA589|chapter=Symbolism in Denmark|page=589|author=Lief Sjőberg|series=Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages |location=Amsterdam; Philadelphia, PA|doi=10.1075/chlel.ii}} in September 1891.{{cite journal |author=Henrik Johnsson|title=The Route to Catholicism: Symbolism and Idealism in the Works of Johannes Jørgensen|journal=Scandinavian Studies |date=Spring 2021|volume=93|issue=1|page=27|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/781621}} Tilskueren also contained the articles by Jørgensen on Charles Baudelaire and Edgar Allan Poe among others.{{cite journal|issue=4|author=David J. Mickelsen|title=Beating Frenchmen into Swords: Symbolism in Denmark|journal=Comparative Literature Studies|date=December 1977|volume=14|pages=328–345|jstor=40245910}} Several short stories by Karen Blixen were first published in the monthly.{{cite web|title=Posthumous Publications|url=http://blixen.dk/en/life-and-writings/the-works-of-karen-blixen/posthumous-publications/|work=Blixen|access-date=9 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2015|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016110739/http://blixen.dk/en/life-and-writings/the-works-of-karen-blixen/posthumous-publications/}} Tom Kristensen started his career as a literary reviewer and critic in Tilskueren in May 1923.{{cite thesis|author=Michael S. Byram|title=The Novels of Tom Kristensen|year=1973|doi=10.17863/CAM.15906|location=University of Cambridge|degree=PhD|url=https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.15906}} An excerpt from Amalie Skram's first novel, Constance Ring, was published in the magazine in 1885.{{cite book|author=Aina Nøding|editor1=Paula Rabinowitz|year=2014|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford; New York|chapter=Periodical Fiction in Denmark and Norway before 1900|isbn=978-0-19-020109-8|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.293

|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.293}} Paul Gauguin's exhibition in Copenhagen's Frie Udstilling exhibition hall in March 1893 was positively reviewed in the magazine by Karl Madsen.{{cite journal |author=Denys Sutton|author-link=Denys Sutton|title=Notes on Paul Gauguin apropos a Recent Exhibition|journal=The Burlington Magazine

|date=March 1956|volume=98|issue=636|page=87|jstor=871889}}

Valdemar Vedel and Poul Levin served as the editors of the magazine.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Dinesen, Isak|year=2009

|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-2507200150/dinesen-isak.html|encyclopedia=Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature}} From 1930 to 1939 the magazine was edited by Axel Garde.{{cite book|editor=Peter Brooker|display-editors=et. al.|isbn=978-0-19-965958-6|page=622|chapter=Copenhagen: From the Ivory Tower to Street Activism|title=The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines: Europe 1880 - 1940|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bvsfioiQ8k8C&pg=PA622|author=Bjarne Søndergaard Bendtsen}} In 1939 the magazine ceased publication.